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INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION
PBN Airspace Concept
ATS requirements
Victor Hernandez RO ATM/SAR
ICAO North America, Central America and Caribbean Regional Office
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Gate to Gate concept Phases of flight (Doc 9854)
COMMUNICATION (COM) - NAVIGATION (NAV) - SURVEILLANCE (SUR)
TS
DCB
AUO
SDM CM AO
Cruise Collection
Landing
Departure Surface departures
Ramp Ramp
Planning
Surface arrival
AOM
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GND
CLASS G
UTA CLASS “A” FL195
FIR
CTR
CTR
CTA CLASS E
CTA CLASS E
CTR
TMA CLASS D
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GOLDEN RULES
Airspace Volumes protect the IFR Flight paths.
Designed AFTER the routes have been designed.
Routes should not be designed so as to fit into pre-existing Airspace Volumes.
Only delineate as much airspace volume as needed.
Main Traffic Flows • International
• Domestic
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Global Traffic Flows
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Main Traffic Flows in NAM/CAR/SAM Regions
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RNAV Routes application since 1950`s
RNAV Route Implementation Program began in 1999 Parties involved: States, Airlines, IATA and ICAO
85% of the fleet has RNAV capabilities
2000- 2010, more than 80 RNAV routes implemented
2011- 2013, additional 15 RNAV routes implemented
PBN, regional implementation
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Regional ATS route Network
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WATRS Plus Project = RNP 10
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Gulf of Mexico Project = RNP 10
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Next?
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MANUAL ON THE USE OF PBN IN AIRSPACE DESIGN Doc 9992
Design Routes & HoldsIterations with PANS-OPS
Design Structures & Sectors
1111 222222223333 3333 Iterations
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Doc 4444 TMA - terminal control area
A control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes. Terminal area surrounds an airport, and it is an airspace within which air traffic control service is provided. Such airspace predominantly contains traffic operating along Terminal Routes. The above description is aimed at including TMA, CTA, CTR, ATZ airspace classification or any other nomenclature used to describe the airspace around an airport.
CTR
TMA
En-route
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Link between airspace design & PBN
Separation minima
Configuration/proximity of ATS Routes (including SIDs, STARs and IFP) for an airspace organisation.
Determined, but not exclusively, by • area navigation system performance stipulated in
the Navigation Specification (required for operation in an airspace).
Accuracy Integrity
Continuity
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Airspace redesign due to complex airspaces, traffic grow and enhanced aircraft capabilities Apply Airspace Organization and Management (AOM) principles Improve airspace classification, ATM separations, procedures, vectoring Reinforce PBN Training – specially for pilots and ATCOs Day by day operational application
Lessons
Geometric Descents
Idle Descents
ToD in multiple sectors?
Possible sector point-outs?
Departure flow conflicts?
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Evolution of functions
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ATC Sectorisation
APP APP E
ACC Lower
APP W
Upper ACC Sectors Upper ACC Sectors
ACC S1 ACC S2 ACC S3
GEOGRAPHIC FUNCTIONAL
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Annex 11, ATS Airspace Classes Services provided and flight requirements
Class Type of flight
Separation provided Service provided Speed limitation* Radio communication
requirement
Subject to an ATC clearance
A IFR only All aircraft Air traffic control service Not applicable Continuous two-way Yes
B IFR All aircraft Air traffic control service Not applicable Continuous two-way Yes
VFR All aircraft Air traffic control service Not applicable Continuous two-way Yes
C
IFR IFR from IFR IFR from VFR Air traffic control service Not applicable Continuous two-way Yes
VFR VFR from IFR
1) Air traffic control service for separation from IFR; 2) VFR/VFR traffic information (and traffic avoidance advice on request)
250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL
Continuous two-way Yes
D
IFR IFR from IFR
Air traffic control service, traffic information about VFR flights (and traffic avoidance advice on request)
250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL
Continuous two-way Yes
VFR Nil
IFR/IFR and VFR/VFR traffic information (and traffic avoidance advice on request)
250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL
Continuous two-way Yes
E
IFR IFR from IFR
Air traffic control service and, as far as practical, traffic information about VFR flights
250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL
Continuous two-way Yes
VFR Nil Traffic information as far as practical
250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL
No No
F
IFR IFR from IFR as far as practical Air traffic advisory service; flight information service
250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL
Continuous two-way No
VFR Nil Flight information service 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL
No No
G
IFR Nil Flight information service 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL
Continuous two-way No
VFR Nil Flight information service 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL
No No
* When the height of the transition altitude is lower than 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL, FL 100 should be used in lieu of 10 000 ft.
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RCP type Transaction time (sec)
Continuity (probability/flight hour)
Availability (probability/flight hour)
Integrity (acceptable rate/flight hour)
RCP 10 10 0.999 0.9999 10-5
RCP 60 60 0.999 0.9999 10-5
RCP 120 120 0.999 0.9999 10-5
RCP 240 240 0.999 0.999 0.9999 *
10-5
RCP 400 400 0.999 0.999 10-5
ATS Communication
*Support decision processes to ensure Safety or Efficiency objectives
• Radiotelephony and/or data link shall be used in air-ground communications for ATS purposes
• Doc 9869, RCP type associated to ATM function
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