paul - potential for and consequences of nonattainment

Potential for and Consequences of Nonattainment

John A. PaulRAPCA Administrator

Minnesota’s Clean Air DialogueApril 18, 2012

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What I Will Talk About

Very brief background RAPCA Clean Air Act responsibilities National Ambient Air Quality Standards History of ozone and particulate matter

standards and where these are headed Consequences of nonattainment Ozone advance program

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Background on RAPCA

Regional Air Pollution Control Agency Six-county local agency—Dayton, Ohio

Agency roots from the 1950’s under the City Health Department authority—Direct grant from

USEPA and annual contract with Ohio EPA One of nine local agencies in Ohio

History of nonattainment for ozone and particulate matter and currently borderline air quality for both

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Clean Air Act Responsibilities Section 109 specifies EPA’s responsibility for

prescribing National Ambient Air Quality Standards “requisite to protect public health”

Section 107 specifies the states responsibility for assuring air quality standards are achieved and maintained

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(3) that air pollution prevention (that is,the reduction or elimination, through anymeasures, of the amount of pollutants producedor created at the source) and air pollutioncontrol at its source is the primaryresponsibility of States and local governments;and

(4) that Federal financial assistance andleadership is essential for the development ofcooperative Federal, State, regional, and localprograms to prevent and control air pollution.

CLEAN AIR ACT FINDINGS AND PURPOSESSEC. 101. (a) The Congress finds--

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National Ambient Air Quality Standards USEPA has promulgated NAAQS for ozone,

particulate matter, SO2, NO2, CO, and Lead NAAQS are reviewed every five years and

revised as appropriate Most recent health studies Better monitoring techniques

Clean Air Science Advisory Committee reviews data and makes recommendations to the Administrator

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Revising Standards

U.S. EPA has been busy revising standards: 2006: 24-hr PM2.5

2008: Lead 2010: NO2, SO2

2008-2011: Ozone 2011: CO

More to come: 2012: PM2.5

2013-2014: Ozone

PM2.5

Ozone

SO2

NO2

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Ozone Air Quality StandardTimeline Level (ppm) Measurement

Revision of New Standard probable in 2014

0.060 -0.070 Average of fourth highest concentration measured over a three year period

New Standard 0.075

Old standard 0.084

Old, Old standard 0.125 Not to be exceeded more than four times in a three year period

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PM2.5 Air Quality Standard

• Annual standard – 15 ug/m3, averaged over a three year period

• 24-hour standard- 35 ug/m3• Anticipate revised standard proposed in 2012

and finalized in 2013. Annual standard could be lowered to 11-12 ug/m3

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Ozone Standard of 70 ppb based on 2008-2010 Data

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Ozone NAAQS: Minnesota

East Beth

el

Anoka A

irport

Detroit L

akes

Cloquet

Brainerd

Stanto

n Ely

Mars

hall

Mille

Lacs

Rocheste

r

Voyageurs

Duluth

Shakopee

St. Cloud

Stillwate

r

St. M

ichael

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

6365

60

54

61 6158

6359 60

62

49

6058

63 62

Preliminary Ozone NAAQS Design Values, 2009-2011

2009-2011* NAAQS

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

Includes all data through 2011 ozone season, but July – October data is preliminary

Daily PM2.5 NAAQS Design Values 2008-2010

Apple Valley

Mpls-Phillips

Shakopee

St. Louis Park

St. Paul -Harding

St. Paul -RHC

Duluth -Lincoln

Duluth -WDSERochester

St. Cloud Virginia

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

31 31

29 29

3736

2221

31

26

17

PM2.

5 Co

ncen

trati

on (µ

g/m

3)

Estimated Daily PM2.5 NAAQS Design Values 2009-2011*

* Through September 30, 2011. Preliminary and subject to change.

Apple

Valley

Blaine

Mpls

-Phil

lips

Shako

pee

St. Lo

uis P

ark

St. Pau

l - H

ardin

g

St. Pau

l - R

HC

Duluth

-Linc

oln

Duluth

-WDSE

Roche

ster

St. Clou

d

Virgini

a0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

30.5

24.3

29.6

27.9

29.2

32.933.7

21.1

19.3

31.1

26.7

16.5

98th Percentile Max observed NAAQS

Con

cent

ratio

n (µ

g/m

3)

Dark blue: 1:3 day sampling 2 high values to reach max

Light Blue: Daily Sampling 6 high values to reach max

Trends in Ozone and PM2.5

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 200940

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Standard O3 PM2.5 - A PM2.5 - D

Per

cent

of

Sta

ndar

dTrends in Key Air Pollutants in the Twin Cities Metro Area:1999-2009

Requirements for Ozone Areas - CAAA

Emission inventory due in 2 yrs; requirements for emission statements due in 2 yrs; periodic inventoriesRACT corrections due in 6 months; I/M corrections, immediately

New Source Review (NSR) program due 2 years (corrections to existing, also)Plan for 15% VOC reduction within 6 years is due in 3 years

RACT: Existing & future CTG’s & RACT on major sources (existing due in 2 years)Stage II gasoline vapor recovery due in 2 years

Basic I/M (if not already required) due immediatelyDemonstration of attainment in 4 years

Plan for 3% annual average reductions due in 4 yearsEnhanced I/M due in 2 years

Clean fuel program due in 4 years (if applicable)VMT demonstration due in 6 years (TCM program if needed)

Specific NSR requirements for modifications to existing sources

Measures to offset VMT growth (108(f) measures) due in 2 yrsContingency measures if miss milestone

Requirement for fee on major sources if fail to attainNo waivers from 15% or 3% reduction requirements

Clean fuels requirement for boilers (plan in 3 years)Traffic controls during congested periods

Marginal

Moderate

Serious

Severe

Extreme

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Requirements for Ozone Areas - CAAA Requirements for all nonattainment areas

Nonattainment New Source Review Emissions offsets Lowest Achievable Control Technology

Additional requirements for moderate nonattainment areas are the ones you really want to avoid Inspection/maintenance of vehicles 15% reduction in inventory Stage 2 vapor recovery at gasoline dispensing

stations

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Sources of Urban Air Pollution Mobile Sources (Vehicles)

On road Off road Small engines

Small stationary sources Residential burning Small commercial/Industrial

Large stationary sources

What are area and Mobile Sources?

National Control Measures National Control of EGUs

CAIR or CSAPR or replacement Mercury and Air Toxics Standards GHG NSPS

National Control of LDVs Tier 3 standards Sulfur in fuel reductions

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Avoiding Nonattainment

Support national control measures Encourage multi-pollutant controls, especially

on new sources Incentivize replacement/renewal projects that

increase efficiency and reduce air pollution Participate in USEPA’s Ozone Advance

program

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Ozone Advance Program Ozone Advance is a collaborative effort by EPA, states,

tribes, and local communities to encourage emission reductions in ozone attainment areas, to help them continue to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS).

Program Goals: Help attainment areas take action in order to keep ozone levels

below the level of the standard to ensure continued health protection,

Better position areas to remain in attainment, Efficiently direct available resources toward actions to address

ozone problems quickly.

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Ozone Advance State, tribal, and/or local governments can participate in

Ozone Advance if they meet the basic program eligibility criteria: The area(s) with respect to which the state, tribe, and/or local

government is signing up is/are not designated nonattainment for either the 1997 8-hour or the 2008 ozone NAAQS.

The state, tribe, and/or local government must generally identify the area(s) with respect to which they are signing up.

Where possible, states, tribes, and/or local governments should identify and be able to report on the air monitor(s) that reflect the air quality in the area(s).

Required emissions inventory reporting must have occurred prior to participation in Ozone Advance.

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Ozone Advance Ozone Advance promotes local actions to reduce ozone precursors

in attainment areas to help these areas continue to maintain the ozone NAAQS. The program encourages states, tribes, and local governments to take proactive steps to keep their air clean.

To apply for participation in Ozone Advance, an area should submit a brief sign-up letter. This letter should express the areas willingness to coordinate with EPA, state, tribal and/or local stakeholders and to quickly implement measures to reduce ozone. Each of the program eligibility criteria should be addressed. Specific measures do not need to be identified in the letter of intent, although if the applicant would like to highlight any existing measures and programs, they are welcome to do so. The letter should be signed by the appropriate state, tribal and/or local officials with the authority to implement the program and assist in leveraging staff and program funds as needed.

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Ozone Advance

EPA website: http://www.epa.gov/ozoneadvance/ Basic Information Eligibility Participation Ozone Flex Resources Frequent Questions

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http://www.epa.gov/ozoneadvance/

Questions?

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