PASSENGER TRANSPORTAT

IONNedith Rocillo and Gerald Angus

OPERATING SECTORS OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

Tasks: Deliver the tourism experience and tend to be viewed by

the media, public, and visitors as the “tourism industry”. To develop and deliver tourism services and experiences

with a spirit of hospitality so they will be truly memorable.

TOURISM and TRANSPORTATION are inextricably linked.

Air travel: Long and Middle distance

Private Car: Shorter trips

Transportation Sector Entertainment

Sector

Food Services

Sector

Adve

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Outd

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Attractions

SectorEvents Sector

Travel Trade

Sector

Acco

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Sect

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Touris

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SPIRIT OF HOSPITALITY

OPERATING SECTORS OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY Food Services Sector

The food and beverage sector is also a major youth employer and a major training ground for many employees who are beginning their working careers. The food and beverage sector encompasses all types of establishments supplying food and beverages for consumption from fine dining and ethnic restaurants to institutional food outlets and catering firms, from pubs and bars to nightclubs and lounges.

Adventure and Outdoor Recreation Adventure tourism and recreation, like the accommodation sector, is

growing fast. Changing trends in travel and tourism, where clients request active, recreational experiences or travel adventures where they can learn about nature and/or culture, are driving the growth. This sector includes everything from bird watching to salmon fishing, horseback riding to white water rafting, golf to wilderness trekking.

Attractions Sector Attractions include historic sites, heritage homes, museums, hall of

fame, art galleries, botanical gardens, aquariums, zoos, water parks, amusement parks, casinos and cultural attractions. The attractions sector offers a wide range of employment opportunities, ranging from seasonal part time to permanent full time positions.

Events Sector Events and conferences contribute money to communities. Not only do

travelers spend money on the event or conference itself, but their money are also spent on everything from accommodation to souvenirs.

Travel Trade Sector The travel trade sector supports the bookings and sales in the other

sectors. The people that work in the travel trade make reservations for accommodations, tours, transportation, food and beverage and/or for attractions. These bookings can be in the form of an all encompassing tour package or a single booking for a single traveler.

Accommodation Sector The accommodation is one of the largest and fastest growing

sectors in the tourism industry. (All suite hotels, smaller “privately owned hotels”, resort hotels and lodges, motels, motor hotels, and inns.

Types of positions in the Accommodation Sector:Front Office and Guest ServicesAdministrationHousekeeping, Maintenance and Fitness

Tourism Services The tourism services sector is made up of the organizations, associations,

government agencies and companies that specialize in serving the needs of the tourism industry as a whole rather than the needs of travelers specifically. Those working in tourism services include people who research tourism trends, advertise and market tourism products, educate or inform others about tourism, and those who distribute general tourism information, like statistics. Retail businesses that benefit from tourism and travel also fall into this sector.

There are several areas that make up this sector:

Government

Industry Associations

Marketing Services

Research

Retail

PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURE

Transportation

Air Road Rail Water

Other

Bus Auto Motor

BikeVehicles Used for

Private

Scheduled

Charter and Tour Operator

Privately

Owned

Rental

MH

TC

TT

TentT

Other

Private

Commercial

Inland Maritime

Private

Commercial

Charter

Scheduled

Ft

Sm

B

HDV

AT&SL

Charter

THE FOUR CATEGORIES

THE FOUR CATEGORIES Air Transport

Allows people to: attend business conventions, go home for the holidays, take vacations around the globe, or travel to other important events.

It also represents the fastest way to ship most types of cargo over long distances. Passengers and cargo can be transported by air either over regularly scheduled routes or on "charters," which are routes specifically designed for a group of travelers or a particular cargo.

Road Transport transport on roads of passengers or goods. two categories: transportation of goods and

transportation of people. The nature of road transportation of goods depends,

apart from the degree of development of the local infrastructure, on the distance the goods are transported by road, the weight and volume of the individual shipment and the type of goods transported.

short distances and light, small shipments: a van or pickup truck may be used. 

large shipments even if less than a full truckload a truck is more appropriate.

People (Passengers) are transported on roads either in individual cars or automobiles or in mass transit/public transport by bus.

Rail Transport the means of conveyance

of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles merely run on a prepared surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks they run on.

Water Transport the intentional movement of water over large

distances. Methods of transportation fall into three

categories: Aqueducts, which include pipelines, canals,

and tunnels, container shipment, which includes transport

by tank truck, tank car, and tank ship, and towing, where a tugboat is used to pull

an iceberg or a large water bag along behind it. Due to its weight, the transportation of water is very

energy intensive. Unless it has the assistance of gravity, a canal or long-distance pipeline will need pumping stations at regular intervals. In this regard, the lower friction levels of the canal make it a more economical solution than the pipeline. Water transportation is also very common along rivers and oceans.

Other...

Motorcoach Transportation

CruiseLargest luxury cruise ship in

the world:•Freedom of the Seas

NEEDING THE URGENT ATTENTION OF POLICY MAKERS:1. Congestion – delays that are a serious waste of time.

2. Safety and Security – Ensuring safety and security in transportation is a basic requirement for tourism. This was true before September 11 and is even more critical today.

3. Environment – An increase in traffic may harm the environment if an area does not have the carrying capacity for additional tourists. Transportation planning must take economic, social, cultural, and natural resources costs into account when designing expanded facilities.

4. Seasonality – Seasonal patterns of travel demand create overcrowding at certain times. Conversely, low occupancies and load factors will occur at other periods. At peak travel periods the problems of congestion, security, and the environment become much more severe.

Note: This problems will have an unfavorable impact on the perception that tourists have of their vacation experiences. Transportation problems will have the potentials of creating an unfavorable image of a tourist destination.

AI

R LINE

INDUSTRY

On December 17, 1903, Orville Wright piloted the first powered airplane 20 feet above a wind-swept beach in North Carolina. The flight lasted 12 seconds and covered 120 feet. Three more flights were made that day with Orville's brother Wilbur piloting the record flight lasting 59 seconds over a distance of 852 feet.Airline Industry has grown from an infant to a giant.The world’s airline industry now carries over 1.6 billion passengers per year. In the United States alone, commercial aviation generates more than $100 billion in annual revenue and employs about 600,000 people.

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2003 SARSThe conflict in IraqTerrorismSluggish economy$2.8 billion in losses

2004Inspite of outstanding passenger gains, the price of oil denied profitability again. World airlines – 3 consecutive year of multibillion-dollar losses.

CHALLENGES

BRIGHT SPOT

The bright spot in the global air industry is Asia and the Pacific.

The dynamic economy of the region is making its own airlines profitable and helping carriers from outside the region with extensive Asia/Pacific operations.

Orient – number one growth center for air travel in the world.

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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESSpeed Expensive (except for

promos)The system is incredibly

efficient.Delays

More time for other activities

The airport

Safer to travel People’s fear of flying

Possible to fly around the globe

Length of time spent getting to and from the airport

Traveling by air..

TOP TEN U.S. AIRLINES BY REVENUE PASSENGER MILES, 2003

Airline Revenue Passenger Miles1. American 123,844,000,0002. United 104,464,000,0003. Delta 98,674,000,0004. Northwest 68,476,151,0005. Continental 64,934,000,0006. Southwest 47,943,066,0007. US Airways 37,740,584,0008. America West 21,295,000,0009. Alaska 16,194,000,00010. ATA Airlines 12,079,271,000

TOP TWENTY WORLD AIRLINES BY REVENUE PASSENGER KILOMETERS, 2003

Rank Airline RPKs (000,000)

1. American 193,604

2. United 167,970

3. Delta 143,896

4. Northwest 110,637

5. Air Franceª 101,644

6. British Airways 100,850

7. JAL Groupª 93,847

8. Continental 92,662

9. Lufthansa Group 90,708

10. Southwest 77, 288

Rank Airline RPKs (000,000)

11. Qantasª 77,225

12. Singapore 63,940

13. US Airways 60,792

14. Air Canada 59,507

15. KLM 57,9368

16. All Nipponª 50,182

17. Thai 44, 934

18. Cathay Pacific 42, 774

19. Iberia 41, 983

20. Emirates 40, 000

INFOSAir Transport Association of America – one of the best sources of data on the airline industry.

International Air Transport Association – makes forecasts and publishes financial and traffic statistics on the world airline industry.

World Air Transport Statistics – single most timely and authoritative source of international airline data.

Air Transport World (ATW) – publishes an annual World Airline Report. [http://www.atwonline.com]

DEREGULATION AND ALLIANCES Airline deregulation is the process of

removing entry and price restrictions on airlines affecting, in particular, the carriers permitted to serve specific routes.

In US the airline deregulation began in 1978. 

Significant consolidationHub systems

Low airfares in competitive situationHigh airfares where competition is lacking

Airline alliance is an agreement between two or more airlines to cooperate on a substantial level.

Three largest passenger alliances: Star Alliance,  SkyTeam and  Oneworld Alliances also form between cargo airlines, such as that

of WOW Alliance, SkyTeam Cargo and ANA/UPS Alliance. Alliances provide a network of connectivity and

convenience for international passengers and international packages.

Alliances also provide convenient marketing branding to facilitate travelers making inter-airline code share, connections within countries. This branding goes as far as to even include unified aircraft liveries among member airlines.

NEW PLANES

Airbus A380

BOEING 787 DREAMLINER

AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

Airline Industry is supported by three major organizations:

IATA – International Air Tranport AssociationICAO – International Civil Aviation OrganizationATA – Air Transport of Association of America

“to do all things tending to promote the betterment of airrline business, and in general, to do everything in its power to best serve the interest and welfare of the memebers of this association and the public at large.”

Today, ATA is the nation’s oldest and largest arline trade association. ATA is the meeting place where the airlines cooperate in noncompetitive areas to improve airline service, safety and efficiency.

Mission: to support and assist its member carriers by promoting aviation safety, advocating industry positions, conducting designated industrywide programs, and ensuring public understanding.

RAIL

INDUSTRY

Once the major mode of travel in the U.S.

France and Japan are well known for their high-speed trains.

Largest railways in the world arre found in the former Soviet Union, India and China.

Bullet Train in Japan.

The legendary Ghan train.

AMTRAK marketing name for the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, an operating railroad corporation, the controlling stock of which is owned by the U.S. government through the U.S. Department of Transportation. Established by the Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970.Not a government agency.It is a corporation structured and managed like other large businesses in the United States and competes with all other modes in the transportation marketplace

AMTRAK launched as an experiment to identify the importance of rail passenger service to a balanced national transportation system. Dominant public carrier.Provides energy-efficient and environmentally friendly service.Passengers can enjoy high-speed rail service traveling at 150 miles per hour in modern comfort.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESAffordable Noisy

Speed Stressful

Less pollution People around you

Safe Strangers are looking at you

Scenic Views Too many passengers