4.8 : Reproductive System in Flowering Plants Parts of the Flower & their Functions

•  Flowers : Reproductive organs of flowering plant

•  Function : Produce fruits and seeds

•  Under suitable condition, seeds germinate to produce new plants – prevent die out / extinction

4.8 : Reproductive System in Flowering Plants Parts of the Flower & their Functions

•  Bisexual flowers : Have both stamens (male) and pistils (female) eg hibiscus

•  Unisexual flowers : Have only either stamens (male) or pistils (female)

4.8 : Reproductive System in Flowering Plants Reproductive Parts of a Flower – MALE

•  Stamen : Consists of anther and filament

•  Anther : Produces pollen grains (male gametes) which scattered when anther ripens & breaks open

•  Pollen grains come in various sizes & shapes

•  Filament : Supports the anther

4.8 : Reproductive System in Flowering Plants Reproductive Parts of a Flower – FEMALE

•  Pistils : Consists of a stigma, style, ovary & ovules

•  Ovary : Produces ovules (female gametes) which attached to the ovary wall

•  Stigma : Receives pollen grains

•  Style : Supports stigma

4.9 : Pollination What is Pollination ?

•  Pollination : Transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma of a flower

•  There are two types of pollination : – Self-

pollination – Cross-

pollination

4.9 : Pollination Agents of Pollination & Characteristics of Flowers

•  Agents : Humans •  Includes fruit plants &

orchids •  Aim : to get better

plants with more yields

•  Way : Pollen grains are collected from the flowers and & transferred onto stigmas of another plant

4.9 : Pollination Agents of Pollination & Characteristics of Flowers

•  Agents : Animals •  Example : – Honey bird sucks

the nectar and pollen grains are brushed onto its body which then rubbed on other flower

– Bats : agents for flower which opens at night

4.9 : Pollination Agents of Pollination & Characteristics of Flowers

•  Agents : Insects •  Example : Bees &

Butterflies •  How? : –  Pollen grains are

rubbed on their bodies when they suck the nectar

–  Pollen grains are then transferred to other flowers during the next visit

4.9 : Pollination Agents of Pollination & Characteristics of Flowers

•  Agents : Wind •  How : Wind blows

plenty pollen grains far from the parent plant

•  Agents : Water •  For aquatic

plants where flowing water carries pollen grains from flower to flower

4.9 : Pollination Advantages of Cross-Pollination & Applications

•  Widely used in agriculture

•  Examples : –  Paddy MR103 and

MR106 : better yields –  Masmadu corn :

Bigger & sweeter –  Melomas (pomelo) :

Thinner skin, juicier, sweeter, less acidic, more aromatic & more resistant to disease