Participatory Rural Appraisal

RWSSP-LIS Training for SPMU Officials

20-22 March, 2014UP Academy of Administration,

Lucknow

Participatory Rural Appraisal

RRA

• Rapid Rural Appraisal• 1970s – 80s

PRA

• Participatory Rural Appraisal• 1980s – 90s

PLA

• Participatory Learning & Action• 1990s – 00s

From where did these come

Farming System research – recognition of diversity & complexity

Soc22ial Anthropology – recognized richness of indigenous knowledge

Core aspects of PRA

Methods(timeline, wealth

ranking, etc)

Sharing (knowledge, ideas,

insights, etc)

Behaviour & Attitudes (mindset,

cultural/social compulsions, etc)

VISUAL

What is PRA

PRA is intended to enable local communities to conduct their own analysis and to plan and

take action. PRA involves project staff learning together with

villagers about the village. The aim of PRA is to help strengthen the capacity of villagers to plan,

make decisions, and to take action towards improving their

own situationwell-being.

PRA : Principles, Methods and Benefits

Principles and methods Benefits

From ‘they learn from us’ to ‘we learn from them’.

. From ‘we let them participate’ to ‘they take command of their own process’.

Empowering the poor and weak to assert their priorities, make demands and act.

From ‘we’ve done a PRA’ to ‘we admit being corrected by people’.

From ‘we use instruments from our toolbox’ to ‘they can map, model, estimate, score, analyse, plan themselves’.

Expression and harnessing of local diversity.

From ‘we share our knowledge analysis with them’ to ‘we enable them to learn from each other and conduct their own analysis’.

Offsetting biases: spatial, project, gender/elite, seasonal calendar.

Community participatory appraisal, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.

Rapid progressive learning, which is flexible, exploratory, interactive and inventive.

Triangulation: using different methods, sources and disciplines, and a range of informants in a range of places and cross checking to get closer to the truth through successive approximations.

Identification of research priorities; experts more receptive to the ability of rural poor to design, implement and evaluate.

Facilitation: to enable people to do more or all of the investigation themselves and own the outcome.

Insights gained from PRA leading to policy change.

Sharing: a culture of sharing information, methods, field experiences among NGOs, government and villagers.

Behaviour and attitudes: critical self-awareness in external facilitators, learning from errors.

A culture of open learning among stakeholders.

Rapport formation

Understanding

Reframing

Solution searching

Solution p[lanning & commitment development

Implementation – Plan development

Evaluation & adjustment

Ending & Consolidation

Eight Stages in Problem Solving with PRA

Sustained ownership of process, input, output and outcome (Results)

PRA - Tools

INTERVIEWS – semi structured; key informant

Maps – Social Maps; Resource Maps

Calendars / Schedules• Seasonal Calendar• Labour Scgedules• Daily Routines

Wealth RankingProblem Ranking

Wenn Diagram on Institutions

Standard Direct Observation

Geographical Transect of a village

Village Social Mapping

PRI

S

HI

II

III

IV

Village Resource Mapping

Field Pond

Houses

Houses

WENN / Chapati Diagram : Institutional Mapping

PHEDGPWSC/VWSC

Gram Panchayat

NBA – IHHL / SLWM

Primary Health Centre

Village Police

Station

Village Education Committe

e

Seasonal Calendar

Item WINTER SUMMER MONSOON

  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

CROP  

Tomato                        

Rice                        

Economy  

Daily earning

                       

Drinking Water

 

Availability                        

                         

WEALTH RANKING

Wealth Ranking isd a PRA method that determines economic attributes of households in a village – against indicators determined by the villagers themselves. Rich Household Average Household Poor Household

Pucca House Semi Pucca House Katcha House

Land ownership : 5 acres + Land ownership: 1-5 acres Landless

Cattle : 10 cows + Cattle: 5-10 cows Cattle : Nil

TIME CHART

A

C

T

I

V

I

T

Y

                       

      WEAVING          

                       

AGRICULTURE          

                       

                       

              TRADING

                       

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec