participation and empowerment of migrants in austria eu-grundtvig project 22 – 25 march 2011...
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Participation and Empowerment of Migrants in
Austria
EU-Grundtvig Project 22 – 25 March 2011
Caritas Linz – MigrantInnenhilfe Mag. Evelina Glöckner
Overview
Facts & Figures
National Level - Legal Framework
- Impact on Politics- Impact on Economy (also Employment, Education und Qualification)- Impact on Culture
Regional Level - Integration Concept of Upper Austria - Integration Concept Vienna
Organisational Level - Empowerment Concept „Help the people to help themselves“
- Objectives - Obstacles to Empowerment (Society and individual obstacles; organisational Bottlenecks)
Facts & Figures
At the beginning of 2010:
Foreign residents: 895,000 (10.7%)
Residents with a migrant background: 1,468 million (17.8%)
First generation : 1,082 million
Second generation: 385,500
Facts & Figures„Old/traditional“ migrants (mainly third-country nationals): Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo – 207,000 Turkey – 183,000 Bosnia and Herzegovina – 130,000 Croatia – 70,000
„New“ migrants (mainly EU): Germany – 213,000 Romania – 63,000 Poland – 59,000 Czeck Republic – 46,000 Hungary – 39,000 Italy – 29,000
National LevelLegal Framework
Austria has no comprehensive integration strategy – a fact that was noted with concern by the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) in its fourth report on Austria published in March 2010
In 2010, the government committed to a National Action Plan for Integration, after years of NGO consultations, an integration plattform, expert reports and panels, statistics and new indicators. This process of policy change has produced much paper and discussion, but few improvements so far
Most initiatives to promote integration are still local and regional projects, limited in time and reach. These ‘best practices’ cannot overcome all the obstacles to integration in the national legal framework
Austrian Integration Fund
National Level Impact on Politics
Third country nationals have no right to vote und to stand for elections (minicipal councils, provincial parliaments, national parliament)
Political participation in trade unions and representations of interests ist possible but restricted (Workers´ Councils, Student representation)
Participation through „Foreigners` Councils“ (Ausländerbeiräte)
Traditional route of political participation ist naturalisation (obtaining Austrian citizenship)
National Level Impact on Politics
Political parties began to discover the potential of immigrant votes in elections in recent years and started placing naturalised immigrants to their lists
Self-organisation of immigrants/ migrant organisations
Austria’s foreign residents have been encouraged to participate politically through ad hoc funding and consultations (e.g. in Graz, Vienna, Styria). That these projects have been overlooked for national policy is a major weakness in Austria’s National Action Plan for Integration
National Level Impact on Economy
Migrants have a lower annual income than natives, due to various factors: lower skills and concentration on low wage industries, high proportion of seasonal work and limited opportunities to join core work force of enterprises
Migrants tend to have higher unemployment rates than natives
Migrants are increasingly turning to self-employment by setting up business in services und retail trade (cleaning, restaurants, food, transportation, etc.)
Austria has not been able yet to attract highly skilled migrant workers in large numbers either because of limited demand for these skills or because of perceived or real bureaucratic hurdles and red tape
National LevelImpact on Economy
Employment
Migrants have been included in the country’s labour market objectives. Combined language and vocational training ist being offered
Migrant youth may get better jobs through career coaching and mentoring, while migrant women may benefit from special programmes on language, health, sports and domestic violence
In the future, government wants more migrants in the public sector, including the police, schools, justice, health
Ending EU citizens’ transitional measures in May 2011 (2013 for BG and RO)
National LevelImpact on Economy
Obstacles to employment
Recognition of foreign qualifications
Low educational level (third country residents)
Insufficient language proficiency
No free access to the labour market for non-EU temporary residents
Discrimination
National LevelImpact on Economy
The number of immigrants in the highest and lowest education levels is above average ( lowest – third country nationals, highest mainly EU immigrants)
Compulsory Kindergarten year for preschool aged children
Immigrant pupils rarely attend schools where they can earn a high school diploma. They attend more offen secondary, polytechnic, and vocational schools
In special needs schools the proportion of foreign children was almost twice as high, at about 19%, mostly citizens of former Yugoslavia and Turkey
Education and Qualification
National LevelImpact on Economy
The educational level of the second generation has already considerably adapted to that of the Austrian population (an above average percentage of the Austrian population has completed mid-level education in trade and vocational training programs)
There is an urgent need for action with young people who have only completed compulsory school or have no leaving certificate
Around 15% of the non-German speaking schoolchildren who have completed the eighth school year at a secondary school do not continue their education
Education and Qualification
National LevelImpact on Culture
Role of food as indicator for growing cultural diversity. Growing number of Turkish, Asian and Latin American restaurants
Public service broadcasting station ORF offers broadcasts on the radio, a TV programme on migration and minorities issues and run a news homepage
Migrants’ print media are limited to papers of individual associations
Radio is of great relevance for immigrant groups as well as Internet.
Contribution of large number of theatre projects and small companies off the mainstream
Fashion: especially noticeable in field of education, high percentage of third country nationals studying fashion at the University of Applied Arts in Vienna
Cultural policy is still criticised for not committing itself to create a sustainable infrastructure for development and establishment of a “migrant-culture”
Regional Level
Integration Concept of Upper Austria
(Integrationsleitbild Oberösterreich)
www.ooe.gv.at
Organisational Level
Empowerment Concept „Help the people to help themselves“
• Legal counseling
• Financial und material help
• Support in case of problems with authorities
• Integration events
• German language courses
• Pool of interpreteurs
• Interreligious dialogue
• Women`s empowerment projects
• Seminars and Workshops
Organisational LevelObjectives
Reduce information deficits in migrant communities on austrian health, welfare and education system
Improve German skills
Increase health awareness among migrant communities
Increase the take-up rate of education and health facilities
Foster participation and autonomy of migrants
Reduce deprivation
Increase take-up rate of public transfers and cost-free services
Foster intercultural dialogue
Fight racism and xenophobia
Organisational Level
Legal und sozial disadvantage Political inequality Stigmatisation Discrimination Disqualification Xenophobia Mobbing Judgement by appearance Automatic exclusion Unequal chances Verbal aggressions/insults Emotional violence
Obstacles to Empowerment (Society)
Organisational Level
Culture shock Life-changing crisis Psychlogical disorders Deprivation Disorganisation Devaluation Regression Helplessness Anger Blackout Thought of suicide Depression Low self-esteem
Lack of perspectives Lack of knowledge Identity problems Sorrow Depts
Obstacles to Empowerment (individual)
Organisational Level
Constraint factor Consequence Time pressure Necessary steps und actions will be carried
out by a social worker and not by the client
(instead to walk through the steps together)
Absence of a long-term goals’ agreement with the client Lack of consistency, Backslide
Building dependencies
(Client – social worker)
Contra-productivity, lack of self-care competence, social und mobility competence
Lack of volunteers (with foreign language capacity) interested in migrants
Crucial Soft Skills cannot be developed
(social competence), no Role Models
Obstacles to Empowerment (organisational Bottlenecks)