part-time employee retention in parknshoplibproject.hkbu.edu.hk/trsimage/hp/04010817.pdf ·...

Part-time Employee Retention in PARKnSHOP

BY

Wong Lai Ying Liz 04010817

Human Resources Management Major

An Honours Degree Proposal Submitted to the School of Business in Partial Fulfillment

of the Graduation Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (Honours)

Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong

April 2007


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all I would like to express my sincere thankfulness to

everyone who assisted and encouraged me in doing this project

I especially like to express my deepest gratitude for my supervisor

Professor Anne Marie Francesco who provided me valuable guidance and

many professional opinions in the whole process

Moreover I would also like to express my heartfelt thanks to Ms

Winnie Chow Human Resources Manager in PARKnSHOP who gave me

many positive ideas and supports

Also I would like to give million thanks to Ms Susanna Lee

Personnel Manger ndash Store Services and Ms Sally Leung Human Resources

Officer in PARKnSHOP who helped me immensely from introducing

companyrsquos operations to designing and distributing the questionnaires

Lastly I wish to thank all colleagues in PARKnSHOP who were

involved in the study Their cooperation and diligence in completing the

questionnaires was critical in bringing the study successful

- i -


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This study was concerned on the part-time employee retention of

PARKnSHOP Since PARKnSHOP is now facing a relatively high turnover

rate of part-time employees it was time to investigate the reasons behind and

consider some suggestions

Refer to the literature review turnover intentions were actually

mainly related two factors job satisfaction and organizational commitment

The past researchers found different groups of employees students caretakers

involuntary part-timers and voluntary part-timers had different response to

turnover intentions

The next step was conducting a questionnaire which collected more

information about the part-time workersrsquo opinions and feelings Therefore 5

sections of questions were designed They were17 questions related to job

satisfaction 15 questions related to organizational commitment 3 questions

about turnover intentions 4 open-ended questions to collect more qualitative

information and some demographic questions

After that it was found both job satisfaction and organizational

commitment were negatively correlated to turnover intentions in the

organization In addition students group generally got lowest satisfaction and

commitment and highest turnover intentions compared with the other 3 groups

Therefore some retention recommendations were finally suggested

Here were four recommendations developing recruitment strategies revising

- ii -


compensation strategies career opportunity and development and providing

supportive environment

In summary the study from reviewing to suggestions was for the

ultimate goal of retaining the part-time employees and so that providing a

stable workforce in PARKnSHOP for a long-term development

- iii -


TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION1

11 Background 1 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 4

21 Employee retention 4 22 Turnover intentions 5 23 Job satisfaction5 24 Organizational commitment 6 25 Different clusters of part-time employees 7

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 9

31 Research Design9 32 Population amp Sample Selection 9 34 Instrumentation10

341 Job Satisfaction Scale 10 342 Organizational Commitment Scale 12 343 Turnover Intention Survey 13 344 Group Comparison13 345 Additional information 15

35 Data Analysis16 CHAPTER IV RESULTS 18

41 Descriptive Statistics 18 42 Means Standard Deviations Zero-Correlation and Cronbachrsquos

alpha reliability test 20 43 Group Comparison23 44 Additional information 26

441 The best thing working in PARKnSHOP26 442 The worst thing working in PARKnSHOP 28 443 Suggestion for improvement in PARKnSHOP 31 444 Suggestion for raising the morale in PARKnSHOP33

CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION 35

51 Discussion35 52 Recommendations 38 521 Developing Recruitment Strategies 38 522 Revising Compensation Strategies 39 523 Career Opportunity and Development 40 524 Creating a Supportive Environment41

- a -


53 Limitations and Suggestions42 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION 44 REFERENCES45 APPENDIX I COVER LETTER AND QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH AND CHINESE VERSIONS) 52 APPENDIX II THE PARKNSHOP STORES INVOLVED IN DOING THE QUESTIONNAIRES 64 APPENDIX III ALL RESPONSES FROM THE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 65

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 ITEMS OF EACH SUBSCALE OF JOB SATISFACTION 11 TABLE 2 ITEMS OF EACH SUBSCALE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT 13 TABLE 3 POTENTIAL REASONS FOR DIVIDING DIFFERENT GROUPS15 TABLE 4 DEMOGRAPHICS CHARACTERISTICS OF SAMPLE (N=128) 19 TABLE 5 MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION ZERO-ORDER CORRELATION amp

CRONBACHS ALPHA RELIABILITY TEST22 TABLE 6 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF 4 PART-TIME EMPLOYEE

GROUPS24 TABLE 7 DIFFERENT JOB ATTITUDES AND TURNOVER INTENTIONS OF 4

PART-TIME EMPLOYEE GROUPS26 TABLE 8 SUMMARY OF THE BEST THING WORKING IN PARKNSHOP 27 TABLE 9 SUMMARY OF THE WORST THING WORKING IN PARKNSHOP 29 TABLE 10 SUMMARY OF SUGGESTION FOR IMPROVEMENT IN PARKNSHOP

31 TABLE 11 SUMMARY OF SUGGESTION FOR IMPROVEMENT IN PARKNSHOP

33

- b -


CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

The study was about exploring the reasons of turnover of part-time

employees to tackle the turnover problem in PARKnSHOP Some

recommendations were provided after analyzing the reasons The main

objective was to retain the potential part-time workers and so that the turnover

rate could be reduced finally

11 Background

PARKnSHOP is the leading supermarket chain with more than 200

stores in Hong Kong The number of staff is continuously increasing since

1973 Up to now PARKnSHOP employs a total of 8000 staff in which 2000

part-time staff is included Thanks to the nature of retailing business there are

a large number of frontline part-time employees in supporting daily operations

with full-time employees in different stores Their main duties are cashiering

stocking and counter-selling

The part-time employee position is essential to the organization

because of two main reasons The first advantage for the company is cost

effective Part-time employment could be a strategy to reduce labour and

benefits cost This provides the company a direct way for adjusting the

variable costs relative to the competitors

The second advantage is that part-time employment provides

flexibility in operation Since supermarket retailing always keeps pace

changing in different timing and different seasons flexibility would strengthen

- 1 -


the ability in matching the change quickly and efficiently An example is that

longer opening hours becomes a new trend so the part-time working could fill

in the gap between the normal opening time and the extended opening time

The other example is more manpower is required especially during the festival

seasons in which part-time workers can satisfy the organizational needs in

those peak seasons

Due to cost efficient and flexibility PARKnSHOP always considers

part-time workers as an important part of company workforce However the

company is now facing 10 turnover rate of part-time employees in 2005 and

2006

Although PARKnSHOP has no specific data in measuring turnover

cost the increased frequency in recruitment and selection the increased

training time operational disruption and the demoralized working

environment are obviously observed These are the problems directly affected

by the high turnover rate These finally increase the operation cost in the

organization

Therefore the antecedents of turnover were worthy investigated in

order to develop an efficient retention program for PARKnSHOP The

reasons of why those part-time employees leaving may include dissatisfied

pay and benefits job insecurity poor job prospect insufficient training low

commitment and so on Compared with the past researches job satisfaction

and organizational commitment were summarized as the two main possible

reasons to influence turnover intentions in PARKnSHOP

- 2 -


The ultimate goal of this study was to retain the potential part-time

employees Retention would help the organization in maintaining a stable

part-time workforce It also helps to reduce the recruitment and training in

terms of costs Moreover team spirit could be built up in the stores and hence

they would provide better customer services Companyrsquos reputation would

also be promoted meanwhile In short developing the retention program

would finally beneficial to the whole company

In summary the purpose of this study is to explore the key factors

influencing turnover first and then to develop a possible retention program for

PARKnSHOP and finally to reduce the turnover rate of part-time employees

- 3 -


CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

21 Employee retention

One of the major concerns of any organization is employee retention

particularly in retail industry (Peterson 2005) The concern was come from

the turnover problems caused These problems could be identified in terms of

cost which would provide a firm with some indication of how much to spend

on alleviating it (Hinkin amp Tracey 2000) Researchers and practitioners

identified the costs of turnover in terms of separation cost (Horn amp Griffeth

1995 Pinkivitz 1997) replacement cost (Darmon 1990 Pinkivitz 1997)

training cost (Staw 1980 Pinkivitz 1997) and vacancy cost (Rhoads Singh amp

Goodell 1994) which were called tangible cost On the other hand there

were also hidden costs intangible costs in terms of performance differential

(Darmon 1990) demoralization cost (Staw 1980) stress and tension cost

(Adidam 2006) etc

Retention strategies would effectively retain the productive

employees and hence solve those turnover problems Sturman and his

colleagues (2003) also supported employee retention was worthy For

example Sam Walton Executive Vice President of Wal-martrsquos People

Division explained their human resources philosophy was ldquogetting keeping

and growing good peoplerdquo This retention strategy led them successfully

doing $50 billion in revenue every year Retaining talented employees is

essential to the long run success of an organization as well (Sigler 1999)

- 4 -


22 Turnover intentions

ldquoTurnover intentionrdquo was used in measure rather than ldquoturnoverrdquo

because the intentions could be more effective in predicting and understanding

turnover (Lum etal 1998) Turnover intention was supported as a

significant indicator that the employee will actually leave (Hardin OrsquoBryan amp

Reding 2001 Hung amp Lin 1999) Understanding why they do leave was the

first step to develop the retention strategies (Mowday 1986) Therefore the

identification of factors that influence turnover intentions were considered be

effective in reducing actual turnover (Maertz amp Campion 1998)

Hence the next step would be finding what factors affected turnover

intentions Many previous studies found the significant relationship among

job satisfaction organizational commitment and turnover intentions

Satisfaction and commitment have been invariably been reported to be

negatively related to turnover in the past two decades (Arnold amp Feldman

1982 Lum et al 1998) Igharia and Greenhaus (1992) even identified job

satisfaction and organizational commitment were the most direct influences on

the turnover intentions

23 Job satisfaction

Job satisfaction is the employee attitudes towards the work situation

Usually job satisfaction of employees in an organization is one of the

important consequences in organizational dynamics (Mathieu amp Zajas 1990)

It was defined as the feelings of a member about his or her job experiences in

relation to previous experiences current expectations or available alternatives

- 5 -


(Balzer et al 1990 Robbins 1998) Balzer and his associates (1990)

identified the five aspects of job satisfaction work pay promotion

supervision and co-workers Among these five aspects better pay was ranked

in the highest position in employment traits that would make part-time

employee move to another company (Milman 2001)

The employees who were becoming more dissatisfied would be more

likely to consider other employment opportunities (Hellman 1997) Turnover

intentions would lead to actual turnover The worse effect was that employees

would change their working behavior and even influence the other employees

(Roznowski amp Hulin 1992) Therefore measuring employeersquos job

satisfaction was used for predicting the turnover intention in this study

RQ 1 How does job satisfaction (nature of work pay

promotion supervisor support and co-worker support)

can help to increase employee retention

24 Organizational commitment

Organizational commitment was reported as another significant

negative association with turnover intentions (Ferris amp Aranya 1983 Lum at

el 1998) It is important because of its potential links to organizational

performance and effectiveness It means that consistent high-level

effectiveness requires employees to engage regularly in relevant activates for a

long period of time (Ericsson amp Lehmann 1996 Meyer Allen amp Topolnytsky

1998)

- 6 -


Meyer and Allen (1997) brought a conceptual framework of

organizational commitment in three dimensions affective commitment

normative commitment and continuance commitment Affective commitment

reflects the employeersquos emotional bond with their organization normative

commitment refers to the employeersquos sense of duty or obligation to remain

with the organization and continuance commitment refers to the perceived

costs associated with leaving the organization

Milliman Czaplewski and Ferguson (2003) evaluated the greater

alignment of ones personal values with organizational values caused the

greater organizational commitment of the individual and the lesser intention of

the individual to quit the organization Mueller and Price (1990) concluded

that organizational commitment was more strongly related to turnover

intentions Hence organizational commitment was used as one of the measure

in this study

RQ 2 How does organizational commitment can help to

increase employee retention

25 Different clusters of part-time employees

Maynard Thorsteinson and Parfyonova (2005) distinguished part-

time employees into four different clusters voluntary part-timer involuntary

part-timer caretaker and student Distinguishing different groups among part-

time workers was valuable in predicting turnover intentions (Holtom amp Tidd

2002) For example involuntary part-time workers reported significantly

- 7 -


greater turnover intentions than voluntary part-time workers when they found

a better job offer

On the voluntary side employees may pursue part-time work in

order to have more leisure time or less responsibility stay active in the field

(Wetzel Soloshy amp Gallagher 1990) or transition to retirement (Gappa amp

Leslie 1993)

On the involuntary side employers may involuntarily accept the job

because of the unavailability of full-time job (Caputo amp Cianni 2001) health

reasons (Wetzel Soloshy amp Gallagher 1990) or geographic immobility

(Gappa amp Leslie 1993)

The other group is caretaker They are mainly the middle-aged

married female with children They do the part-time job because of caring for

relatives (Wetzel Soloshy amp Gallagher 1990) Part-time work would

maintain their work-life balance and support their family finance

The final common group is student The reasons for student taking

part-time job mainly because of gaining experience preparing to find a future

job (Gappa amp Leslie 1993)

RQ 3 How do the groups differ from each other on job

satisfaction organizational commitment and turnover

intentions

- 8 -


CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

31 Research Design

This study was investigated the relationships of job satisfaction and

organizational commitment of part-time employees and the effects of these

variables on turnover intentions in PARKnSHOP

Questions from several existing surveys were combined to form a

comprehensive questionnaire including job satisfaction measure

organizational measure turnover intentions and more additional information

However there were some modifications which are tailor-made to the

situation of PARKnSHOP The cover letter and questionnaires were also

translated from English to Chinese particularly for the target population (refer

to Appendix I)

A pilot test was conducted with the part-time employees in the store

in Fanling So it could ensure the questions were understandable A

modification of questionnaire was made after the test Regarding the

educational level lsquoForm 3rsquo was added but lsquoBachelorrsquos degree or aboversquo was

cancelled It was because the respondents tend to have lower education level

32 Population amp Sample Selection

The research population in this study was part-time retail employees

in 20 PARKnSHOP stores which were recorded in the top three highest

turnover rate regions in Hong Kong (refer to Appendix II) The part-time

- 9 -


employees interviewed were mainly cashiers and was not a management-level

employee

33 Procedures

The data was collected during the early April in 2007 The list of 20

stores was recommended by Ms Susanna Lee Personnel Manger ndash Store

Services because those stores had recorded relatively higher turnover rate in

three main regions in Hong Kong The 20 storesrsquo managers were officially

contacted by Ms Sally Leung Human Resources Officer beforehand The

researcher then visited these stores and distributed questionnaires one store by

one store Each part-time employee who mainly works as cashiering was

provided a whole set of questionnaire with a cover letter in Chinese version

150 questionnaires were prepared 132 questionnaires were sent out to the

stores and 128 questionnaires were finally returned giving a response rate in

853

34 Instrumentation

341 Job Satisfaction Scale

Spector (1985) developed the Job Satisfaction Survey to measure

employeesrsquo job satisfaction for human service public and nonprofit sector

organizations but may be applicable to others as well The original survey

contained 36 items with nine subscales pay promotion supervisor benefits

contingent rewards operating procedures coworkers nature of work and

communication The higher overall score of the combination of these items

the greater the indication of job satisfaction

- 10 -


However the modified survey in this study was consisted of 17 items

with five subscales pay promotion supervisor coworkers and nature of work

in the Job Satisfaction Scale There were only 2 questions about pay because

it is a relatively sensitive issue in the organization There were 3 questions

about promotion with the same reason Each of the other subscales

(supervisor coworker and nature of work) had 4 questions

Each item represents a statement to which the subject responds on a

seven-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 7 The respondents choices

associated with 1=ldquoStrongly disagreerdquo 2=ldquoModerately disagreerdquo 3=ldquoSlightly

disagreerdquo 4=ldquoNeither disagree nor agreerdquo 5=ldquoSlightly agreerdquo 6=ldquoModerately

agreerdquo 7=ldquoStrongly agreerdquo Respondents were asked to circle one of seven

number that corresponds to their agreement or disagreement regarding each

items

The following table indicated the items related to each subscale

Table 1

Items of Each Subscale of Job Satisfaction

Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r

3r 8 13 17 Note Items followed by ldquorrdquo should be reverse-scored

- 11 -


342 Organizational Commitment Scale

Meyer and Allen (1997) developed the three component

conceptualization of organizational commitment Affective Continuance and

Normative Commitment Scales The instrument was designed to measure the

degree to which subjects feel each type of commitment to the organization

The Meyer and Allen Scale consists of 18 items with 6 items each tapping

one of three dimensions of organizational commitment

However there were 15 items in this questionnaire in 3 measures

after discussion with the PARKnSHOP manager Three questions lsquoI feel that

if this organization has a problem it is my problem as wellrsquo lsquoIf I decided to

leave this organization right now it would be too disruptive to my lifersquo and lsquoI

have a sense of obligation to the people of this organization that prevents me

from leavingrsquo were deleted because they were quite similar to the other

questions in some extent Also a shorter questionnaire would help to keep

employee doing it in time

Respondents indicated the extent to which they agree or disagree

with each statement from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)

mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2

Items of Each Subscale of Organizational Commitment

Subscales Items

Affective commitment

Continuance commitment

Normative commitment

1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14

3r 4 7 10 15 Note Items followed by ldquorrdquo should be reverse-scored

343 Turnover Intention Survey

This study was used the term lsquoturnover intentionsrsquo rather that

turnover Intentions to stay or leave an organization are consistently related to

turnover and this relationship generally stronger and is more significant that

the satisfaction-turnover relationship (Lum et al 1998) Lum and his

colleagues designed three questions for measuring the employee intention to

leave Since these three questions were special for nursing industry originally

there was a modification of questions in replacing the word lsquonursingrsquo by

lsquoretailrsquo adjectives to fit the purpose of this study The items were also changed

from a five-point Likert scale to a seven-point Likert scale for consistency

344 Group Comparison

For the purpose of distinguishing different groups (students

caretakers involuntary part-timer and voluntary part-timers) among part-time

workers to the response of job satisfaction organizational commitment and

turnover intentions the groups were divided based on their reasons why do

they choose a part-time job

- 13 -


There were 9 primary reasons for working part-time Here is a table

about the potential reasons in dividing different groups

- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3

Potential Reasons for Dividing Different Groups

Groups Primary Potential reasons

Students bull Going to school

bull Earn extra income

bull Have more time for other things

Caretakers bull Need to care for relatives (children parents spouse etc)



Involuntary Part-

timer

bull Lack of available full-time jobs

bull Stepping stone to full-time work

bull I am tied to this geographical area

Voluntary Part-

timer

bull Transition to retirement

bull Desire less responsibility than a previous job

bull Earn extra money


345 Additional information

The qualitative feedback could enrich insights and point the way to

revise policy design The 4 open-ended items were extracted from an

interview about job satisfaction survey among employees in small businesses

by Davis (2004) in order to gather qualitative information

The interview conducted by Davis originally covered 13 open-ended

items inquired about employeersquos opinions on their jobs interpersonal

relationships with supervisors and co-workers their expectation on pay raise

perceived promotion opportunities and suggestions for organizational growth


Only the employeersquos opinions on jobs and suggestion for

organizational growth were included in this questionnaire because other items

were duplicated with the other sections in this study

35 Data Analysis

Data analysis was conducted with the SPSS statistical software

program First Cronbachrsquos alpha was used to measure the consistency that the

same items measure the same constructs The range is from 0 to 1 with

values closer to 1 indicating higher reliability among the indicators (Hair et al

1995) The significant level of reliability was chosen for this study in gt07

Second a Pearson correlation analysis was generated to show

association between variables Comparing the mean standard division and

correlation among the items would provide an overall picture first so that the

retention strategies could be developed with a core direction

Finally k-means cluster analysis was used to divide different cluster

grouping based on their potential reasons of working part-time as mentioned

previously Comparison of their job satisfaction organizational commitment

and turnover intention would then be identified Therefore the retention

recommendations could be more specific in targeting different groups

Regarding to the open-ended questions Strauss and Corbin (1990)

identified procedures for analyzing for coding qualitative data This

information was would be scanned first and then sorting the similar statements

in the same group However the categories were not defined prior to the onset

of this study but they were determined after scanning The data analysis was

- 16 -


ongoing through coding generating categories themes and patterns and re-

checking the findings (Boyatzis 1998)

- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS

41 Descriptive Statistics

Table 4 shows the descriptive statistics of demographics

characteristic Form the observed data (N=128) a majority of the respondents

were female (922) The age composition of the respondents was evenly

distributed with 258 in 16 to 23 years old 203 in 24 to 31 years old

258 in 32 to 39 years old and 242 in 40 to 47 years old Approximately

two-third of the respondents was married (633) In terms of educational

level most of the respondents attained Form 5 level in 602 About 195

and 117 of them reached primary school level and Form 3 level respectively

As to the tenure about two-third of respondents have worked less than 1 year

in PARKnSHOP (617) 203 have worked from 1 to 3 year(s) and 141

have worked from 4 to 6 years The number of the respondents who worked

28 to 36 hours 46 to 54 hours and more than 54 hours were exactly the same

in 227

- 18 -


Table 4

Demographics Characteristics of Sample (N=128)

Demographic Variable Frequency Percentage Gender

Female 118 922 Male 10 78

Age 16 to 23 years old 33 258 24 to 31 years old 26 203 32 to 39 years old 33 258 40 to 47 years old 31 242 48 to 55 years old 4 31 56 years old and above 1 08

Marital status Married 81 633 Single 42 328 Divorced 4 31 Widowed 1 08

Educational level Primary School 25 195 Form 3 15 117 Form 5 77 602 Form 7 5 39 Diploma Associate Degree and above 6 47

Number of year(s) working in PARKnSHOP

Less than 1 year 79 617 1 to 3 year(s) 26 203 4 to 6 years 18 141 7 to 9 years 4 31 10 to 12 years 1 08 More than 13 years 0 0

Average working hours in 1 week Less than 18 hours 7 55 18 to 27 hours 18 141 28 to 36 hours 29 227 37 to 45 hours 16 125 46 to 54 hours 29 227 More than 54 hours 29 227

- 19 -


42 Means Standard Deviations Zero-Correlation and Cronbachrsquos

alpha reliability test

Table 5 presents means standard deviations zero-correlation and

Cronbachrsquos alpha reliability test of the all variables involved in this study

As to the coefficient alphas all measures were acceptable because

their reliability coefficient were greater than 70 The coefficient alphas of job

satisfaction were 70 75 70 76 and 85 for supervisor coworker nature of

work pay and promotion respectively The coefficient alphas of

organizational commitment were 86 76 and 76 for affective normative and

continuance scales respectively Lastly the coefficient alpha for Turnover

Intention was 86

Regarding the mean the overall job satisfaction factors were just

above the satisfactory average except pay (mean=300) Compare to their

means coworker was the most satisfactory for them (mean=563)

Further two of the organizational commitment factors were met

above the satisfactory average they were affective commitment (mean=461)

and normative commitment (mean=470) However continuance commitment

was just below the average with mean in 294

The average mean of turnover intention was 294 Number 4 is the

median of the scale which represents neutral it implies that their intention to

leave was below the average

Next the correlation matrix indicated that there were significant

negative relations among the job satisfaction factors to turnover intention

- 20 -


- 21 -

supervisor (r= -31 plt01) coworker (r=-31 plt01) nature of work (r=-45

plt01) pay (r=-24 plt01) promotion (r=-25 plt01) Nature of work had

the greatest correlation to turnover intention These facts gave an answer to

RQ1 it means that job satisfaction had the negative influence to turnover

intentions so interpreting employeesrsquo job satisfaction would be helpful in

developing retention program

The correlation matrix also showed there were all significant among

the organizational commitment affective commitment (r=-37 plt01)

normative commitment (r=-34 plt01) and continuance commitment (r=-30

plt01) which were negatively related to turnover intention Affective

commitment had the greatest correlation among of them Here was an answer

for RQ2 all organizational commitment measures also had the negative affect

to turnover intentions so understanding their commitments towards

organization would be useful in developing retention program too

In addition age was the only one had a significant negative

correlation with turnover intention among the control variables Therefore

age should be also considered in retention program


- 22 -

Table 5 Mean Standard Deviation Zero-order Correlation amp Cronbachs alpha reliability test

Notes plt001 level (2-tailed)

Variables Mean SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 151 Gender a 108 269 - 2 Age b 261 1237 -33 -

3 Marital Status c 141 596 19 -32 -4 Education Level d 263 996 14 -35 22 -5 Years Worked e 161 898 -10 40 -15 -45 -6 Average Working Hours f 401 1560 -00 -04 10 08 -21 -7 Supervisor 547 122 -03 12 -02 00 -07 09 708 Coworker 563 108 -14 22 -02 04 08 13 54 759 Nature of Work

523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70

10 Pay 300 142 -13 -14 12 04 -38 17 18 05 29 7611 Promotion 410 149 -15 07 07 -07 -13 03 35 20 42 46 8512 Affective Commitment 461 139 -21 40 -13 -13 06 09 40 45 61 24 34 8613 Normative Commitment 470 116 -08 18 -12 -07 -08 15 37 30

47 27

34 60 76

14 Continuance Commitment

399 130 -06 23 -14 -13 08 20 23 19 34 15 29 28 37 7615 Turnover Intention 294 173 083 -27 14 08 10 -08 -31 -31 -45 -24 -25 -37 -34 -30 86

plt005 level (2-tailed) a Female=1 Male=2 b 16 to 23 years old=1 24 to 31years old=2 32 to 39 years old=3 40 to 47 years old=4 48 to 55 years old=5 56 years old and above=6

c Married=1 Single=2 Divorced=3 Widowed=4 d Primary school=1 Form 3=2 Form 5=3 Form 7=4 Diploma Associated degree and above=5 e Less than 1year=1 1 to 3 years=2 4 to 6 years=3 7to 9 years=4 10 to 12 years=5 13 to 15 years=6 16 years and above=7 f Less than 18 hours=1 19 to 27 hours=2 28 to 36 hours=3 37 to 45 hours=4 46 to 54 hours=5 54 hours and above=6


43 Group Comparison

Group division of part-time employees was performed based upon

their reasons for taking part-time job

Based on the respondentsrsquo reasons of choosing part-time student

group was mainly for the reason to go to school caretakers group was for the

need to care for their relatives voluntary part-timer was for the lack of

available of full-time job involuntary part-timer was for earning extra money

The final grouping sizes were as follows students (n=30) caretakers

(n=44) involuntary part-timers (n=36) and voluntary part-timers (n=17) 1

respondent was omitted because of missing value This division could help to

compute different grouprsquos mean and standard deviation in response to job

satisfaction organizational commitment and turnover intentions

431 Demographics characteristic of 4 different groups

From Table 6 it shows the demographics characteristics of each

cluster There is a clear difference in age and marital status between students

and caretakers Student group aged 16 to 23 years old on average while

caretaker group aged 32 to 39 years old on average And majority of students

were single while most caretakers were married However there is no obvious

demographic difference between involuntary part-timers and voluntary part-

times except the average working hours in 1 week Comparing the four

clusters on demographic factors would assure that the following comparison

was meaningful for the current sample (Aldenderfer amp Blashfield 1984)

- 23 -


Table 6

Demographic Characteristics of 4 Part-time Employee Groups

Total Part-time employee (n=127)

Demographic Variable

Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)

Involuntary PTers (n=36)

Voluntary PTers (n=17)

Gender Female 23 (181) 44 (346) 34 (268) 16 (126) Male 7 (55) 0 (0) 2 (16) 1 (08)

Age 16 to 23 years old 18 (142) 4 (31) 7 (55) 4 (31) 24 to 31 years old 3 (24) 11 (87) 10 (79) 1 (08) 32 to 39 years old 5 (39) 16 (126) 8 (63) 4 (31) 40 to 47 years old 3 (24) 12 (94) 10 (79) 6 (47) 48 to 55 years old 0 (0) 1 (08) 1 (08) 2 (16) 56 years old and above 1 (08) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Marital status Married 7 (55) 42 (331) 19 (150) 12 (94) Single 23 (181) 2 (16) 13 (102) 4 (31) Divorced 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (24) 1 (08) Widowed 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (08) 0 (0)

Educational level Primary School 5 (39) 8 (63) 6 (47) 6 (47) Form 3 3 (24) 6 (47) 4 (31) 1 (08) Form 5 15 (118) 29 (228) 24 (189) 9 (71) Form 7 1 (08) 1 (08) 2 (16) 1 (08) Diploma Associate Degree and above 6 (47) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Number of year(s) working in PARKnSHOP Less than 1 year 19 (150) 26 (205) 23 (181) 10 (08) 1 to 3 year(s) 8 (63) 8 (63) 9 (71) 1 (24) 4 to 6 years 3 (24) 7 (55) 4 (31) 4 (47) 7 to 9 years 0 (0) 2 (16) 0 (0) 2 (31) 10 to 12 years 0 (0) 1 (08) 0 (0) 0 (0) More than 13 years 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Average working hours in 1 week Less than 18 hours 2 (16) 2 (16) 2 (16) 1 (08) 18 to 27 hours 8 (63) 5 (39) 2 (16) 3 (24) 28 to 36 hours 4 (31) 15 (118) 4 (31) 6 (47) 37 to 45 hours 4 (31) 5 (39) 2 (16) 4 (31) 46 to 54 hours 8 (63) 12 (94) 8 (63) 1 (08) More than 54 hours 4 (31) 5 (39) 18 (142) 2 (16)

- 24 -


432 Comparison of job attitudes and turnover intentions of 4

different groups

Refer to Table 7 different groups in the response to job satisfaction

organizational commitment and turnover intentions were stated each mean

median and standard deviation of the variables were also computed

Obviously student group has the lowest job satisfaction lowest organizational

commitment and highest turnover intentions in the 4 groupings In addition

voluntary part-timer had the highest job satisfaction involuntary part-timer

had the highest organizational commitment caretakers had the lowest turnover

intentions on average

Therefore the answer for RQ3 was that student group was

particularly differing from the other 3 groups on job satisfaction

organizational commitment and turnover intentions

- 25 -


Table 7

Different Job Attitudes and Turnover Intentions of 4 Part-time

Employee Groups

Part-time cluster (n=127)

Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)



Job Satisfaction Supervisor Mean (SD) 520 (121) 533 (139) 572 (105) 581 (098)

Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)

Nature of Work Mean (SD) 471 (140) 547 (101) 536 (112) 528 (124)

Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)

Promotion Mean (SD) 405 (139) 398 (157) 419 (158) 433 (131)

Organizational Commitment Affective Commitment Mean (SD) 381 (133) 480 (112) 500 (149) 469 (141)

Normative Commitment Mean (SD) 417 (114) 481 (118) 510 (110) 448 (090)

Continuance Commitment Mean (SD) 357 (129) 396 (118) 438 (143) 395 (115)

Turnover Intentions Mean (SD) 327 (186) 280 (166) 284 (189) 296 (137)


All statements written by the respondents were recorded (refer to

Appendix III) After scanning the information from each question were

generally summarized

441 The best thing working in PARKnSHOP

Table 8 summarized the best thing working in PARKNSHOP

into 6 categories work environment work schedule compensations

job related skills job in general and work location Work environment

- 26 -


- 27 -

was ranked in the first position with 389 responses They identified

the support from their supervisor and colleague

Furthermore about one-third of respondents found the best thing

was flexible working hour so that they would have more time in doing other

issues

Table 8

Summary of the Best thing working in PARKnSHOP

Rank Categories Frequencies Example(s) 1 Work environment 35 (389) Supervisor

support 10 (111) I can ask for help from supervisor (lsquoBig

Sisterrsquo) in need 最好是有需要幫忙的時候可以搵大家姐

幫手 Manager shows understanding to us and tries to response our requests I am very happy in working 上司能體諒下屬有要求已能盡量配

合工作十分開心

Colleague support

25 (278) The relationship is as good as a family 最好是人際關係好的時候好像家人一

樣 I feel the sense of belongings I work happily 有歸屬感做得開心

2 Work schedule 29 (322) Flexihour 29 (322) I can choose my working hour freely

員工自由選擇返工時間 The work time is good for me to arrange my family affairs 時間好可以安排日常家庭事務

3 Compensations 11 (122) Pay 6 (67) I have a stable income

有穩定的收入 Pay on time 準時出糧


- 28 -

Benefits 5 (56) Holidays and benefits are better then other company 假期及福利比其他公司好

4 Job related skills 6 (67) Job related skills 6 (67) When I work in PARKnSHOP I can learn

the technique in customer communication and contact different kinds of customer I am happy to the customersrsquo appreciation if I eager to serve them 我覺得在百佳工作可以學到關於在顧

客服務上與客人之服務及可以接觸到很

多種類的顧客學會怎樣與客人溝通及

處事方式和以熱誠態度待客亦會得到客

人的道謝自己亦感到開心

5 Job in general 5 (56) Job in general 5 (56) I think being cashier is the best because I

like this job 我覺得最好收銀因為我喜歡這一份

工 I feel satisfied when my customer or supervisor appreciates my work 被客人上司稱讚的時候很滿足

6 Work location 4 (44) Work location 4 (44) It is close to my home

近屋企

Total 90 Note Total number of respondents was 78 out of 128 (609) while respondent could provide more than 1 comment

442 The worst thing working in PARKnSHOP

Similarly Table 9 summarized the worst thing working in

PARKnSHOP into 6 categories Compensations (pay and benefits)

had the highest responses about 30 They dissatisfied with the low

wages and few benefits


- 29 -

Work schedule (working hour lunch arrangement work force) was

ranked in the second about 28 The other categories include work on

present job work environment development and job in general

Table 9

Summary of the Worst thing working in PARKnSHOP

Rank Categories Frequencies Example(s) 1 Compensations 24 (304) Pay 10 (127) Wages are low but work load is large

人工低工作量大 No pay in lunch time 吃飯時間無薪金

Benefits 14 (177) No any employee benefit and no medical benefit It seems that we are just purely the lsquopart-timersquo workers but not the PARKnSHOPrsquos employees 沒有甚麼員工優惠醫療也沒有好像

我們純粹兼職並不是百佳員工

2 Work schedule 22 (278) Working hour 8 (101) My working hour is longer than the full-

time employeesrsquo 兼職的工作時間長過全職 I have not a constant leaving time 沒有定時收工時間

Lunch arrangement

7 (89) I think the lunch hour is too short for me I get only half hour to have my lunch which is very tight Sometimes I even have not finished my lunch and go to work immediately 我認為職員工用膳時間太短只有半小

時所以吃飯時十分趕急有時還未吃

完就要繼續工作

Work force 7 (89) Lack of work force causes me cannot follow the working schedule 人手不足令到工作程序跟不上hellip

3 Work on present job 14 (177) Customersrsquo

complaint 10 (127) The worst thing is the demanding from

customers becomes higher and higher I cannot do the job quickly without


- 30 -

mistake 最差是顧客的要求愈來愈高好難做到

又要快又要唔出錯 hellipOther sales assistant informed a wrong price to the customer first The customer found the price incorrectly when he has checked out I feel very innocent when he blamed on me hellip客人付款時發覺不對收錢便會給客

人責駡我覺得這真是十分無辜

Information mistake

4 (51) The wrong pricing is a serious problem 價錢出錯問題頗嚴重

4 Work environment 12 (152) People on

present job 3 (38) When there is peak season some

managers and supervisors (lsquoBig Sisterrsquo)rsquo attitude and wordings are badly to us 到過年過節時很繁忙部分主管家姐

的態度和言語上不顧及我們的感受 hellip Supervisor believes it is the fault of employee because he does not interpret the fact and only listen to the opinions from customers His wordings make us feel unhappy hellip 主管沒有了解事情的真相只聽客

人的意見就認為是員工的錯言語會

令我們同事之間會感到不開心

Physical environment

6 (76) Poor ventilation within the cashier area makes customers and employees feel very hot It even much hotter when I am working 大收銀處的空調太少顧客和員工都感

十分炎熱我們工作時更時熱不可耐

Physical facilities

3 (38) The computers are old It is slow when I scan the products It is always out of work too 電腦舊過機物件速度慢經常壞

5 Development 5 (63) Training 2 (25) Training is insufficient I have not

received a complete training hellip培訓不足未能全面教授

Promotion 3 (38) No promotion opportunity 沒有升職機會


- 31 -

6 Job in general 2 (25) Job in general 2 (25) I feel hard and great pressure in busy

time 工作忙時感到辛苦和壓力大


443 Suggestion for improvement in PARKnSHOP

Next Table 10 gathered the suggestion for improvement the

mentioned situation from the respondents above One-third of responds

suggested raising pay and providing more benefits such as medical benefits

shopping discounts Also about one-third of responds recommended

improving the mutual support each other like an employee reflected that

ldquoSupervisors have to understand employee more about their

difficulties and help them to deal with the problemsrdquo

There was also 20 respondents suggested to improve the work

schedule especially the work force arrangement The other minor categories

were development and work in present job

Table 10

Summary of suggestion for improvement in PARKnSHOP

Rank Categories Frequencies Example(s) 1 Compensations 17 (34) Pay 8 (16) To have pay in lunch time

吃飯時間有薪金 To raise the wages 加薪

Benefits 9 (18) Full-time employees enjoy a 10 discount in shopping in PARKnSHOP should part-time employees have a 5 off or any other benefit 全職購物有九折兼職是否應該有九五


- 32 -

折或者有甚麼優惠 I can have the medical insurance service as the same as the full-time employeesrsquo hellip可以享用和長工一樣的醫療保險服

務


present job 8 (16) Colleagues should support and care each

other 同事之間應互相幫助互相體諒各同

事 Supervisors have to understand employee more about their difficulties and help them to deal with the problems 主管應對員工加深了解了解各員工在

工作上遇到的困難協助員工解決


4 (8) Larger space of rest room and more lockers for employees to store their stuffs 加大休息室的空間及增設更多儲物櫃給

員工擺於私人物件 Adding more air-conditioner 加冷氣

Physical facilities

4 (8) To change some new computers 換新電腦

3 Work schedule 10 (20) Working hour 1 (2) I can get off on time

有準時的收工時間

Work force 9 (18) To employ more co-workers could share our work load 請有多些同事一同工作可減輕大家的工

作

4 Development 7 (14) Training 2 (4) Training can focus on the main work

tasks or new comers for example the working information or company operation so that employees can easily answer the customersrsquo request 培訓可於入職時加強一些重點工作例

如工作上的資訊及公司運作使員工於顧客之提問即時回答

Promotion 5 (10) Company should provide more promotion opportunities in concerning the


- 33 -

employeesrsquo performance 公司應知人善任多留意員工表現以

提供更多晋升機會

5 Work in present job 4 (8) Customersrsquo

complaint 2 (4) Talk to the customers sincerely

跟客人說話時用誠實語氣

Information mistake

2 (4) Updating price should be clear 轉價錢要清楚


444 Suggestion for raising the morale in PARKnSHOP

Lastly Table 91 is about the suggestion for raising the morale in

PARKnSHOP Most respondents asked for raising wages and providing more

benefits (40) the typical responses were

ldquoTo raise the wagesrdquo

The other respondents requested for more supervisor and colleague

support more training and promotion opportunities and organization activities

and rewards as well

Table 11


Rank Categories Frequencies Example(s) 1 Compensations 28 (406) Pay 20 (290) Increase wages every year

每一年能夠加人工

Benefits 8 (116) (Part-time) Employees can enjoy the shopping discount 員工能夠有購物優惠

2 Work environment 18 (26) Supervisor

support 7 (101) I believe that supervisors and

subordinates should keep a good relation Supervisors should also discuss the


- 34 -

working performance with subordinates every one month and give them comments 我認為只需要上司及下屬保持良好關

係並且上司應該每隔一個月與下屬溝

通一下工作情況知道員工的工作表現

或給予意見 Supervisors and colleagues should support each other 主管和同事間應該互相幫助

Colleague support

11 (159) Colleagues help and care each other 同事間互相幫助和體諒

3 Development 12 (174) Training 2 (29) I hope that I could have a lesson in

dealing with customersrsquo problems or English studying every month 我希望一個月上一次堂教我怎樣去解

決客人的問題如果可以的話給我的

進修英文

Promotion 10 (145) To give different kinds of job to employees and increase our promotion opportunity 多給員工不同的工作以增加他們的晋

升機會

4 Organization support 11 (159) Organization

activities 5 (72) To organize some activities for employees

to increase our sense of belonging 舉辦活動讓員工共同參與令員工有歸

屬感 Party group trip or fun fair 大食會集體旅行或員工同樂日

Rewards 6 (87) If the mystery shopper gives us a position comment we can get some prizes 如果神秘客人有好的評價就應該有書

面又或者其它的奬品 To add the lsquoOutstanding Employee Prizerdquo 加設傑出員工奬



CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION

51 Discussion

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between

job satisfaction and turnover intentions and organizational commitment and

turnover intentions of the part-time employees Meanwhile the qualitative

information provided an insight to the part-time workersrsquo opinions Therefore

more reliable retention strategies can be developed in order to solve the

turnover problem

The results supported the existence of negative correlation with job

satisfaction and turnover intentions It was matched with the previous

researches (Balzer et al 1997 Milman 2002 Hellman 1997) However

nature of work was ranked in the highest position in employment traits which

was not mated with the study by Milman (2002)

The result also indicated the negative relationship with

organizational commitment and turnover intentions This was also supported

by Meyer and Allen (1997) and Milliman Czaplewski and Ferguson (2003)

since they also indicated the negative correlation among affective commitment

normative commitment and continuance commitment to turnover intentions

In addition age was the only one demographic statistics had the

negative correlation to turnover intentions in this study It was supported by

the past researches like Breukelen Vlist and Steensma (2004) Sousa-Poza

- 35 -


and Henneberge (2004) and Cotton and Tuttle (1986) The relation showed

the younger employees were more likely intent to leave

As to the group difference student group reported weaker job

satisfaction weaker organizational commitment and stronger turnover

intentions on average It is the same as the research from Mayard

Thorsteinson and Parfyonova (2005) However there was no significant

different between voluntary part-timers and involuntary part-timers in the

result Interestingly involuntary part-timers even had less intention to leave in

the organization It was because the other researchers (Eberhardt amp Moser

1995 Feldman amp Doerpinghaus 1992) found involuntary part-time workers

normally had greater turnover intentions because they were likely to be either

looking for full-time employment or not having to work for long time The

lack of differences in this study may be explained the different population size

of involuntary PTer (n=44) and voluntary PTer (n=17) so the voluntary part-

timers group was so small in size to be representative Also the involuntary

part-timers actually did not have so many job choices and hence they could

just stay in the company

In regard to the qualitative information part-time employees like the

work environment most It implied more supervisor and colleague support

tend to achieve higher job satisfaction Moreover the flexible working hour

was also important to them because over half of them are students and

caretaker They need more time to concern their study or arrange family

issues

- 36 -


However the employees dislike the compensations most It is

because they easily compared themselves with the full-time employees

Thatrsquos why many employees reflected that they desired to be a full-time

worker They described that job in supermarket demand long workdays but

offer lower compensation and less work satisfaction with the comparison with

full-timers It seems that most full-time jobs are lsquogoodrsquo jobs whereas most

part-time jobs are lsquobadrsquo jobs (Tilly 1992) The reason behind is that part-time

jobs were those require low skills are poorly paid offer few fringe benefits

provide few opportunities provide less job security and were more likely to be

routine boring jobs (Barnett amp Gareis 2000) This poor perception of

supermarket employment is likely to lead to lower job satisfaction lower

organizational and higher turnover Therefore most respondents

recommended raising the pay and improving the benefits which were closer to

the full-time employeesrsquo standard in the suggestion sessions

Working environment should also be highlighted because this

category was ranked at the second position The employees were eager to

have improvement in supervisor support colleague support physical

environment and physical facilities Over half of them have to work more

then 46 hours every week some of them even work longer than full-timer

Because of long working hour working environment eventually becomes

important to them A supportive working environment better physical

condition and facilities would lead to higher job satisfaction and

organizational commitment to them

- 37 -


52 Recommendations

From this study job satisfaction and organizational commitment are

some of the primary factors that the employeesrsquo in deciding whether to stay or

leave Because these two variables play a critical role in determining turnover

intentions company needs to be aware of the influences and relationship

found Also the qualitative information offered a deeper analysis of part-time

employees It is high time to treat part-timers as valuable as full-timers

521 Developing Recruitment Strategies

The first step of retention program is successful recruiting

PARKnSHOP has already good understanding about its culture and human

resource needs However the turnover rate is still high So that we may ask a

question ldquoIs the person hired do not suitable for part-time positionrdquo

From the results age is one of the critical factor correlated to

turnover intentions Therefore PARKnSHOP would consider recruit middle-

age or older people but not young people who tend to have higher turnover

intentions It is also matched with the cluster analysis Student group has the

highest turnover intentions in the four groupings Students found the

employment meet their own earning needs but they may not fit the

organization needs (Greenberger amp Steinberg 1996) Therefore the company

should consider whether students are desirable candidates If the nature of the

studentsrsquo work is replaceable the company would give more chances to

middle-age people like housewives The cost andor effort for recruitment are

actually little as well

- 38 -


522 Revising Compensation Strategies

Compensations are the most important concern from the interviewed

part-time employees In order to maintain valued employees their salaries

should be competitive with or exceed local market and or industry averages

Although salary is key the importance of other compensations and benefits

should not be underestimated As a customer-oriented company

PARKnSHOP could offer incentive for any employee to provide improved

customer service Employees would be motivated to feel appreciated and

recognized for their hard work For example cash bonuses rewards or

recognition program can be enhanced their job satisfaction (Wimberly

Lawson amp Seale 2000)

Such a compensation system would not only be fair it would also

send a message to all employees that it is ability One of the respondents

reflected a similar concept was that

ldquoIf the mystery shopper gives us a position comment we

can get some prizesrdquo

It would also help company in providing additional criteria to

performance appraisal and then retaining part-time workers with the strongest

skills

Starbuckrsquos the famous coffee-shop chain demonstrated a good

example The company offered its part-time employees high pay (by industry

standards) and health benefits They proclaimed that doing so differentiates it

in the labor market allowing it to hire the best workers That has made

- 39 -


Starbuckrsquos one of the fastest-growing most profitable chains in the world

(Noble 1992) This case could be a reference for PARKnSHOP With a close

looking at the costs and advantages the organization could consider lunch

time with pay shopping discount or health benefits which are more possible in

implementation

523 Career Opportunity and Development

Part-time employees should have the same knowledge and

capabilities as full-time employees in order to present a seamless image of the

company to customers through training (Gray amp Laidlaw 2002) A successful

training would also provide more career opportunity to the employees Due to

the time and cost the minimal on-the-job training may cause the part-time

employee frustration One alternative is to have part-timers participate in the

segments of the firmrsquos formal training program that cover critical skills

(Inman amp Enz 1995) More specific trainings give more information to them

about their job so it would help to improve the bad understanding about the

nature of work in this stage It is because the finding showed nature of work

had the highest correlation to turnover intentions The reasons behind were

they donrsquot really familiarize what they are doing and what they are doing for

Furthermore training let part-time employees know they are important

member of the team and send a message to the other workers that management

considers part-timers valuable

In addition part-time worker should be considered for some jobs that

have traditionally been reserved for full-time workers It also help employee

- 40 -


feel more meaningful in the nature of work Therefore company could open

up more possibilities to diverse their job duties and responsibilities If the

company put full-time and part-time workers have similar work-related values

belief and behavior Part-time workers would have access to more jobs and

responsibilities through training or rotation

As to the career development company would approach to part-time

worker in changing to full-time worker first if there is vacancy It is because

many respondents reflected their willingness to become a full-time employee

Student groups mentioned may not be a desirable candidate

However if continue recruiting student is a necessary the company could

consider prepare a career path for them For example students can be

transferred to be a full-time employee in the store or back office after their

graduation and they can receive regular training and have more chances to be

promoted to senior level Developing career paths can effectively attract and

retain the staff who are likely to make a long-term valuable contribution

(Iverson amp Deery 1997)

524 Creating a Supportive Environment

One of the most cost effective retention tools is communication

(McNally 2000) Well communication helps to build up a supportive

environment as well An effective communication should being from a warm

welcome to newly hired employees The manager and supervisor would

carefully nurture new employees with necessary job training and skill

enhancement to carry out the positionrsquos duties and with caring interaction to

- 41 -


make them feel comfortable and accepted so that the employees would not be

divided into part-time group or full-time group To increase acceptance of

new hires manager could facilitate the building of peer and subordinate

relationship It would provide the harmonious working environment as well

The manger and supervisor are playing a pivotal role The manager

and supervisor would take more chance to talk to them Manager and

supervisor would try to find out from the employees if they are experiencing

any conflict or unhappiness at work The interviewed employees explained

that they were demotivated after being blamed by the customers or supervisors

Hence it is important to find out what actually happen first and solve the

problem together as a team Improving employee communication satisfaction

may have a flow-on effect for communication with customers (Boorom et al

1998) finally

An improved work environment is also a form of supportive

performance It would help to keep employees satisfied with their jobs Well-

equipped break rooms and lounge areas company parties and social events are

all the ways to increase their motivation and the level of satisfaction and

commitment

53 Limitations and Suggestions

Firstly the study only dealt with the issues of job satisfaction and

organizational commitment Since there are actually more other reasons

influencing turnover intention job satisfaction and organizational commitment

- 42 -


would reflect part of the turnover problem only For future research more

other factors could be integrated eg work-life balance work motivation etc

Secondly one of the limitations is the study was the use of self-

report instruments The respondents may apply the answer they want to rather

than the actual fact Also the respondents may give the false information

without deep consideration It is because they finished quickly and back to

work especially during the rushing hour It is suggested that the

questionnaires could be distributed other than rushing hour and the

questionnaire could be designed more specific and shorter

- 43 -


CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION

In summary this research study examined the antecedents (job

satisfaction and organizational commitment) of turnover intentions of

PARKnSHOP With the quantitative research this study provided more

information to have further understanding about part-time employees It

contributed more than the general knowledge academically

The results supported the negative correlation among job satisfaction

organizational commitment to turnover intentions Different cluster groups

had different tendency toward the measures as well

Gathering all information four aspects of suggestions recruiting

strategies revising compensation strategies career opportunity and

development and creating a supportive environment were raised

In conclusion conducting this kind of survey actually was already a

way in support and treasure the part-time employees It gave insight to the

employees about their needs wants and motivations Hopefully company

will achieve both job satisfaction and organizational commitment by applying

their suggestions to ensure the employeesrsquo satisfactions The employees will

then continue to be committed to PARKnSHOP in long term development

- 44 -


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Arnold HJ amp Feldman DC (1982) A multivariate analysis of the

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Balzer WK Smith PC Kravitz DA Lovell SE Paul KB Reilly BA

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Barnett RC amp Gareis KC (2000) Reduced-hours employment The

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Boorom ML Goolsby JR amp Ramsey RP (1998) Relational

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Caputo RK and Cianni M (2001) Correlations of voluntary vs involuntary

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Contton JL amp Tuttle JM (1986) Employee turnover a meta-analysis and

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Darmon RY (1990) Identifying sources of turnover costs a segmental

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Davis G (2004) Job Satisfaction Survey Among Employee in Small

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Eberhardt BJ amp Moser SB (1995) The nature and consequences of part-

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Research 11(3) 101-108

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Eberhardt BJ Moser SB (1995) The nature and consequences of part-time

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11(3) 8-16

Ericosson KA amp Lehmann AC (1996) Expert and exceptional

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Annual Review of Psychology 47 273-305

Feldman DC Doerpinghaus HI (1992) Patterns of part-time employment

Journal of Vocational Behavior 42 282-294

Ferris K amp Aranya N (1983) A comparison of two organizational

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Gappa JM amp Leslie DW (1993) The invisible faculty improving the

status of part-timers in higher education Jossey-Bass San Francisco

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Gray J amp Laidlaw H (2002) Part-time employment and communication

satisfaction in an Australian retail organization Employee Relations

24(2) 211-228

Greenberger E amp Steinberg L (1996) When teenagers work Basic Books

New York

Hair J F Anderson R Tatham R amp Black W (1995) Multivariate data

analysis with readings (4th ed) Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall

Hardin JR OrsquoBryan D amp Reding K (2001) The influences of internship

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intention Human Resource Management Journal 13(2) 50-63

- 47 -


Hellman CM (1997) Job satisfaction and intent to leave The Journal of

Social Psychology 137(6) 677-689

Hinkin T amp Tracey J B (2000) The cost of turnover Cornell Hotel and

Restaurant Administration Quarterly 41(3) 14-21

Holtom BC Lee TW amp Tidd ST (2002) The relationship between work

status congruence and work related attitudes and behaviours Journal

of Applied Psychology 87(5) 903-15

Hom PW amp Griffeth RW (1995) Employee Turnover Cincinnati OH

South Western

Huang CT amp Lin WC (1999) Motivation job satisfaction and turnover

intention A case study in Taiwan Paper presented on the 5th Human

Resources Management Conference Taoynan Taiwan

Igharia I amp Greenhaus J (1992) The career advancement prospects of

managers and professionals Decision Sciences 23(2) 478-500

Inmna C amp Enz C (1995) Shattering the myths of the part-time worker

Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 36(5) 70-73

Iverson RD amp Derry M (1997) Turnover culture in hospitality industry

Human Resources Management Journal 7(4) 77-82

Lum L Kervin J Clark K Reid F amp Sirola W (1998) Explaining

nursing turnover intent Job satisfaction pay satisfaction or

organizational commitment Journal of Organizational Behavior

19 305-320

- 48 -


Maertz CP amp Campion MA (1998) 25 years of voluntary turnover

research A review and critique International Review of Industrial

and Organizational Psychology 13 49-81

Mathieu JE amp Zajac DM (1990) A review and meta-analysis of the

antecedents correlates and consequences of organizational

commitment Psychological Bulletin 108(2) 171-194

Maynard DC Thorsteinson TJ amp Parfyonova NM (2005) Reasons for

working part-time Subgroup differences in job attitudes and

turnover intentions Career Development International 11(2) 145-

162

McNally JS (2000) Retaining valued employee Pennslyvania CPA Journal

71(4) 24-28

Meyer JP amp Allen NJ (1997) Commitment in the workplace Theory

research and application sage Thousand Oaks CA

Meyer JP Allen NJ amp Topolnytsky L (1998) Commitment in a

changing world of work Canadian Psychology 39 83-98

Milliman J Czaplewski AJ amp Ferguson J (2003) Workplace spirituality

and employee work attitudes An exploratory empirical assessment

Journal of Organizational Change Management 16(4) 426-447

Milman A (2001) Hourly employee retention in the attraction industry

Research from small and medium-sized facilities in Orlando Florida

Journal of Leisure Property 2(1) 40-51

- 49 -


Mowday RT (1984) Strategies for adapting of high rates of employee

turnover Human Resource Management 23(4) 365-380

Myeller CW amp Price JL (1990) Economic psychological and

sociological determinants of voluntary turnover The Journal of

Behavioural Economics 19(3) 321-335

Noble BP (1992 August 16) At work benefits For part timers New York

Times pp3 23

Pinkovitz W H (1997) How much does your employee turnover cost Small

Business Forum 14(3) 70

Robbins S P (1998) Organizational behavior Concepts Controversies and

Applications Upper Saddle River NJ Prentice-Hall Inc

Robbins SP (1998) Organizational behavior concepts controversies and

applications (8th ed) Upper Saddle River NJ Prentice-Hall Inc

Roznowski M amp Hulin C (1992) The scientific merit of valid measures of

general constructs with special reference to job satisfaction and job

withdrawl Job satisfaction How people feel about their jobs and

how it effects their performance New York Lexington Books 123-

163

Sigler KJ (1999) Challenges of employee retention Management Research

News 22(10) 1-5

Sousa-Poza A Henneberger F (2004) Analyzing job mobility with job

turnover intentions an international comparative study Journal of

Economic Issues 38(1) 113-137

- 50 -


Spector P E (1985) Measurement of human service staff satisfaction

Development of the Job Satisfaction Survey American journal of

Community Psychology 13(6) 693-713

Staw B M (1980) The consequences of turnover Journal of Occupational

Behavior 1 253-273

Strauss AL and Corbin J (1990) Basics of Qualitative Research Grounded

Theory Procedures and Techniques Sage Thousand Oaks CA

passim

Sturman MC Trevoe CO Boudreau JW amp Gerhart B (2003) Is it worth

it to win the talent war Evaluating the utility of performance-based

pay Personnel Psychology 56(4) 997-1035

Tilly C (1992) Two faces of part time work Good and bad part-time jobs in

US service industries Working part-time Risks and opportunities

New York Praeger

Wetzel K Soloshy DE and Gallagher DG (1990) The work attitudes of

full-time and part-time registered nurse Health Management Review

15(3) 79-85

Wimberly D Lawson S amp Seale AJ (2000) Take this job and shove it The

effect of emerging workforce values on recruiting and keeping

employees Labor Relations and Employment Law Update

Conference Athlanta GA

- 51 -


APPENDIX I

COVER LETTER AND QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH AND CHINESE VERSIONS)

- 52 -


4 April 2007

Part-Time Employee Survey PARKnSHOP always places importance on each employee In order for the company to further improve its human resources management policies we would like to have a better understanding of the needs of our part-time employees To gather your opinions we have invited Ms Liz Wong a final year student in Human Resources Management at Hong Kong Baptist University to conduct a survey on our behalf The attached questionnaire will take you approximately 15 minutes to complete There are no right or wrong answers Please answer each question truthfully and with careful consideration The data will be aggregated and you can be assured that your anonymity will be preserved Please feel secure in filling out this questionnaire and returning it to the researcher Your assistance in completing the survey is very important and highly appreciated If you have any enquiries please do not hesitate to contact Ms Sally Leung at 2333-8414 or Ms Liz Wong at 9130-1860 Thank you for your assistance Sincerely Human Resources Department PARKnSHOP ASWatson Group (HK) Limited

- 53 -


SECTION ONE Job Satisfaction Questionnaire The purpose of this part totaling 17 questions is to evaluate your level of job satisfaction within your workplace Please circle the number that best represents your opinion about each question (Circle one number for each question)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree

1 I feel my supervisor is competent for the job he she

doeshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 72 I enjoy working with my colleagueshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 73 Sometimes I feel there is no meaning to my workhellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 74 I feel raises are not given very often at my

workplacehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 75 I feel if I do my job well there is a fair chance that I

can be promotedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 76 I do not feel that my supervisor is fair to mehelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 Incompetent coworkers make my job harderhelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 I like my job responsibilitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 79 The amount I am paid for the work I do makes me

feel appreciatedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 710 I feel people here can advance as quickly as in other

placeshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 711 I feel that my supervisor shows enough interest in

his her subordinatesrsquo feelingshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 712 I enjoy the people I work withhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 713 When I do my job I feel a sense of pridehelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 714 My chances for being promoted here satisfy mehelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 715 I am fond of my supervisorhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 716 There is too much conflict betweenamong my

coworkershelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 717 I enjoy my jobhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

- 54 -


SECTION TWO Organizational Commitment Questionnaire The purpose of this part totaling 15 questions is to understand your general feelings towards PARKnSHOP Please answer the questions according to your feelings towards PARKnSHOP and indicate the degree of your agreement with each statement by circling one of the seven alternatives beside each statement (Circle one number for each question)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree

1 I feel that if I spent the rest of my career in this

organization I would be happyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 72 Even if I wanted to it would be difficult for me leave

this organizationhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 73 I feel no obligation to remain herehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 74 I do not feel that it would be right for me to leave my

workplace now even if it were to my advantage to do sohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5 I do not feel as if I belong to the lsquofamilyrsquo in my organizationhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6 It is as much necessity as desire that keeps me working herehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

7 If I left my job now I would feel guiltyhelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 I do not feel attached to this organization

emotionallyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 79 I feel that if I left there would be too few options

available to mehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 710 I feel my loyalty to this organization is deservedhelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 711 It means a great deal to me personally to belong to

this organizationhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 712 The lack of available alternatives would be one of

the few negative consequences of leavinghelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 713 Working here does not give me a strong sense of

belonginghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 714 The fact that leaving would require considerable

personal sacrifice is one of the reasons I continue to work herehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

15 I feel that I owe a great deal to this organizationhelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

- 55 -


SECTION THREE Turnover Intentions Questionnaire The purpose of this part totaling 3 questions is to measure your feelings about leaving PARKnSHOP The following is a list of statements about your feeling on searching for another job Please circle the answer that best describes how you feel (Circle one)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree

1 In the last few months I have thought seriously

about looking for a retailing job at another organization helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2 In the last few months I have thought seriously about looking for a non-retailing job helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 Taking everything into consideration I plan to make a serious effort to find a new job within the next year helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

- 56 -


- 57 -

SECTION FOUR Additional Questions Please give us some additional information to understand more about what you like and dislike in your job and in PARKnSHOP 1 Whatrsquos the best thing about working at PARKnSHOP

U U U

2 Whatrsquos the worst thing about working at PARKnSHOP

U U U

3 How could the thing you mentioned in Q2 be changed or improved

U U U

4 In your opinion what can PARKnSHOP do to increase employeesrsquo morale

U U U


- 58 -

SECTION FIVE Background Information Please provide some background information about yourself by filling in the blanks or checking the box that best describes your situation 1 Gender

Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status

Married Single Divorced Widowed

4 Education Level

Primary School Form 3 Form 5 Form 7 Diploma Associate Degree and above

5 Number of year(s) working in PARKnSHOP

less than 1 year 1-3 years 4-6 years 7-9 years 10-12 years 13 years or above

6 Average working hours in 1 week

less than 18 hours 19-27 hours 28-36 hours 37-45 hours 46-54 hours more than 54 hours

7 Why do you work as a part-time employee (You may choose more than 1 option) Need to care for relatives (children parents spouse etc) Going to school Transition to retirement Lack of available full-time jobs Earn extra income Stepping stone to full-time work Have more time for other things Desire less responsibility than a previous job I am tied to this geographical area Others (Please specific )

THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATING IN THIS SURVEY


- 59 -

U兼職員工調查百佳向來重視每一位在職員工是次調查為了解兼職員工的需求意向

所搜集的資料對釐定公司未來的兼職人力資源發展策略十分重要為了

收集您們寶貴的意見公司現委託香港浸會大學人力資源管理學系三年

級同學黃麗盈小姐進行一項有關調查本問卷之填答大約需時十五分鐘問卷中題目的答案並無「對」或

「錯」期盼您能詳細真實地回答本問卷採取匿名方式進行所得

資料僅作統計用途完成此問卷後請交回發卷者在此衷心感謝您的支持與協助如對是次調查有任何查詢可致電 2333-8414（Sally Leung）或 9130-1860（黃麗盈）聯絡此佈屈臣氏有限公司（百佳超級市場）二零零七年四月四日


- 60 -

第一部分工作滿意度評估量表本部分共有 17 題目的在評量您對工作環境的滿意度請根據下面每一

題的描述圈選出你的看法（每一題只能圈選一個答案）

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微

不同意既不同意

亦不反對稍微同意部分同意完全同意

1 我認為我的主管有能力勝任他她的工作helliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 72 我與同事共事愉快helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 73 我覺得我的工作無意義helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 74 我覺得此工作環境中並不常有加薪的情形helliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 75 我認為如果我把工作做好就有晋升的機會helliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 76 我不認為我的主管公平對待我helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 我的工作因同事能力不足而加重helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 我喜歡我的工作職責helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 79 我滿意我的工作報酬helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 710 我覺得這裏的工作人員晋升速度和其他地方一樣

快helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 711 我認為我的主管很在意下屬的感受helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 712 我喜歡與我共事的人helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 713 我以我的工作為傲helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 714 我對晋升的機會感到滿意helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 715 我喜歡我的主管helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 716 我認為同事間衝突太多helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 717 我喜歡我的工作helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

第二部分組織承諾評估量表本部分共有 15 題目的在評估員工一般的想法及行為請依照您對公司

的看法依滿意或不滿意程度由下列 7 選項中圈選各問題的答案（每一題只能圈選一個答案）

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微



1 我很樂意把往後的職業生涯都投注在此公司hellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 72 對我而言即使我想離開此公司還是很難下決心那

麼做helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7


- 61 -

3 我覺得我沒有義務繼續留在這裡helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 74 即使離開目前的工作對我較有利我也不覺得這樣做

是對的helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 75 在這公司中我並沒有屬於「家中一份子」的感覺 1 2 3 4 5 6 76 繼續在這家公司工作已是我必然的需求helliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 如果我現在離職我會感到內疚helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 在情感上我並未覺得我屬於此公司helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 79 我如果離開此公司並無太多其他的選擇helliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 710 我覺得此公司值得我對其表示忠誠helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 711 能成為本公司的一分子對我個人而言意義重大 1 2 3 4 5 6 712 暫時不會離開公司是因為缺乏其他替代性的工作選

擇helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 713 在此工作並未給我強烈的歸屬感helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 714 離開公司需付出相當大的犧牲也是我繼續在此工作的

原因之一helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 715 我對此公司心存感激helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

第三部分離職意向評估量表本部分共有 3 題目的在評估您的離職行為意向請根據下面每一題的

描述圈選出你的看法（每一題只能圈選一個答案）

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微



1 在過去的數個月我曾認真地尋找其他公司的零

售工作helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 72 在過去的數個月我曾認真地尋找其他公司的非

零售工作helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 73 考慮所有因素我打算認真地在今年內找一份新

的工作helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7


- 62 -

第四部分補充題目本部分共有 4 條問題目的在搜集更多您對公司的意見請根據您的意

向回答以下問題１您覺得在百佳工作最好是甚麼

U U U

２您覺得在百佳工作最差是甚麼 U U U

３您有甚麼建議去改善或改變上述不足之處 U U U

４您認為百佳如何能夠提升員工的士氣 U U

U 第五部分基本資料本部分欲了解您的基本資料請填寫或勾選適當的答案１您的性別女男２您的年齡

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上

３您的婚姻狀態

已婚未婚離婚喪偶

４您的教育水平小學中三程度中五程度中七程度文憑副學士或以上

５您在百佳工作的年資少於 1 年 1-3 年 4-6 年 7-9 年 10-12 年 13 年或以上

６您一星期的平均工作時間

少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -

37-45 小時 46-54 小時多於 54 小時７選擇兼職工作的原因 (可選多於一個)

照顧親友（子女父母配偶等）上學準備退休沒有全職工作賺取外快作為全職工作的踏腳石有更多時間做其他事情渴望比之前的工作少負擔地區局限其他（請註明）

本問卷到此全部結束謝謝您的合作


APPENDIX II

THE PARKNSHOP STORES INVOLVED IN DOING THE QUESTIONNAIRES

Regions Stores

1) S1 Sceneway Garden Lam Tin

2) S1 Lung Cheung Mall Wong Tai Sin

3) S2 Fanling Town Centre Fanling

4) S2 Tai Po Centre Tai Po

5) S2 Tai Wo Estate Tai Po

6) S2 Lucky Plaza Sha Tin

7) S2 Luk Yeung Sun Chuen Tsuen Wan

8) S2 Smartland Tsuen Wan

9) S2 Tsuen Wan Centre Tsuen Wan

10) S2 Belvedere Garden Tsuen Wan

11) S2 Maritime Square Tsing Yi

12) S2 Cheung Fai Estate Tsing Yi

13) S2 Tuen Mun Town Plaza Tuen Mun

14) SL Mo On Shan II Mo On Shan

15) SL Metro City Plaza Tseung Kwan O

16) SL Olympian City Phase 2 Tai Kok Tsui

17) SL Sun Yuen Long Centre Yuen Long

18) SL Chung Fung Shopping Centre Tin Sheung Wai

19) SL Kingswood Ginza Tin Sheung Wai

20) SL Metroplaza Arcade Kwai Chung Notes S1 S2 SL are the special terms of regions defined by PARKnSHOP

- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III

ALL RESPONSES FROM THE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Best thing working in PARKnSHOP

Categories Responses Work environment Supervisor support

1 大家姐好我需要休息或有事她都可以給我假 2 收銀部的兩位主管都十分好本人十分感激她們 3 最好是有需要幫忙的時候可以搵大家姐幫手 4 有個好的大家姐 5 穩定主管對我們關心體貼 6 上司能體諒下屬有要求已能盡量配合工作十分開心 7 大家姐能關心員工 8 最好是和大家姐的感情 9 有好的上司 10 公司對員工好

Colleague support 1 同事好融洽 2 人手多 3 和同事們融洽相處每天愉快地工作 4 同事玩得埋 5 最好的是和同事們一起團結工作 6 同事之間和睦相處 7 好人 8 最好是人際關係好的時候好像家人一樣 9 同事互相幫助 10 同事間相處愉快 11 最好是和同事的感情 12 好似個大家庭工作環境好 13 有歸屬感做得開心 14 同事好 15 同事間互相合作 16 同幾個同事工作十分愉快 17 開心愉快 18 同事共事愉快 19 同事相處好開心愉快 20 同事共事愉快 21 同事相處好 22 相處開心 23 能認識多些同事 24 同事之間相處尚算 OK 25 同事團結

Work schedule


- 66 -

Flexihour 1 時間適合我 2 工作時間好 3 員工自由選擇返工時間 4 時間適合 5 工作時間 6 工作時間可以自己要求 7 時間適合我 8 最好是這份的工作時間十分彈性 9 上班時間有彈性 10 時間 11 時間上可以配合我 12 時間彈性 13 時間 14 時間 15 時間 16 工作時間略寬 17 時間 18 時間好可以安排日常家庭事務 19 時間 20 時間好 21 工作時間自由 22 時間好 23 時間有彈性可以幫到我照顧家庭 24 時間 25 時間自由 26 時間較彈性 27 時間適合我 28 消磨時間 29 可以補充平時空餘時間

Work location Work location 1 近屋企

2 家在附近 3 近住所 4 方便近家

Compensations Pay 1 薪金較佳

2 準時出糧 3 準時出糧 4 出糧準時 5 有穩定的收入 6 糧期好

Benefits 1 福利好 2 假期及福利比其他公司好


- 67 -

3 大公司有保障 4 有保障 5 員工福利比較好

Job related skills Job related skills 1 我覺得在百佳工作可以學到關於在顧客服務上與客人之服務及

可以接觸到很多種類的顧客學會怎樣與客人溝通及處事方式和

以熱誠態度待客亦會得到客人的道謝自己亦感到開心 2 有多一項工作技能 3 可以學到零售的工作認識一些自己沒學到的做人會放開一

些 4 了解客人現時所需 5 可以學到人際關係 6 未上班前能有培訓

Job in general Job in general 1 被客人上司稱讚的時候很滿足

2 幫助顧客感到滿足 3 我覺得最好收銀因為我喜歡這一份工 4 喜歡自己的工作 5 工作十分容易

Total 90

The Worst thing working in PARKnSHOPCategories Responses Work environment People on present job 1 到過年過節時很繁忙部分主管家姐的態度和言語上不顧及我

們的感受 2 人事關係同事之間不能和睦相處不夠團體精神主管沒有了

解事情的真相只聽客人的意見就認為是員工的錯言語會令

我們同事之間會感到不開心 3 公司對員工訊息傳逹不足

Physical environment 1 室內冷氣不足 2 大收銀處的空調太少顧客和員工都感十分炎熱我們工作時更

時熱不可耐 3 還有百佳的冷氣不夠大常常感到很熱 4 空調不足夏天十分熱投訴也沒有改變 5 沒有足夠地方休息而且休息室環境比較惡劣 6 快線長時間站立

Physical facilities 1 電腦慢減慢工作速度 2 電腦舊過機物件速度慢經常壞 3 電腦會 HANG 機


- 68 -

Work schedule Working hour 1 工作時間長

2 時常超時 3 兼職的工作時間長過全職 4 沒有定時收工時間 5 工作時間頗長有時超過正常工作時間 6 兼職時間長 7 工作時間太長同長工無分別 8 Part time 工作時間也較其他的超級市場長

Lunch arrangement 1 午飯時間不夠長有時候去洗手間遲左少少睇場既人就會不滿

意 2 放飯時間太早餐數太少 3 我認為職員工用膳時間太短只有半小時所以吃飯時十分趕

急有時還未吃完就要繼續工作 4 兼職吃飯時間不包含在工作時間範圍內 5 吃飯時間太短只得半個鐘 6 只有一次的午膳 7 工作忙的時候很少能去到厠所或喝水

Work force 1 人手不足 2 人手不足令到工作程序跟不上遭顧客投訴 3 最繁忙時間不夠人手 4 最差是缺乏適當的員工病的時候很難請假 5 人手不夠多 6 唔夠人 7 唔夠人手

Compensations Pay 1 薪金太低

2 工作量與薪金不相符 3 連吃飯半小時都是沒有工資的 4 辛苦人工低薪金不平均 5 薪金不足 6 薪金 7 時薪低人工低 8 時薪 9 人工低工作量大 10 吃飯時間無薪金

Benefits 1 福利 2 在百佳購物無員工優惠 3 兼職員工沒有購物優惠 4 不滿於兼職工作沒有福利保障 5 兼職沒有醫療福利 6 沒員工［全職］優惠


- 69 -

7 員工沒有太多優惠 8 兼職員工沒保障 9 沒有醫療保障應該做滿幾年之後可以享用 10 無福利 11 PT 沒有完善之福利及並未做到和全職一樣的待遇 12 比較其他全職員工沒有甚麼福利 13 沒有甚麼員工優惠醫療也沒有好像我們純粹兼職並不是百佳

員工 14 無任何福利

Work on present job Customersrsquo complaint 1 最差是面對一些較麻煩的顧笿

2 給客人責駡 3 面對無理取鬧的客人 4 無理的客人 5 客人無禮 6 客人有意見 7 最差是顧客的要求愈來愈高好難做到又要快又要唔出錯 8 對客的要求太順應 9 顧各投訴和上司給予的壓力 10 我會覺得當某日子百佳會將場內貨品轉價時可能會轉漏或未更

改正確時顧客在付款時便會令到客人誤會是特價品而令到客

人憤怒及有另一部份場內同事簽錯客人價錢客人付款時發覺

不對收錢便會給客人責駡我覺得這真是十分無辜

Information mistake 1 價錢出錯問題頗嚴重 2 貨品價錢方面的問題入倉取貨時間太久 3 貨品價錢問題 4 貨品資料經常不正確

Development Training 1 沒有系統的培訓

2 員工對自己人態度太差培訓不足未能全面教授

Promotion 1 晋升機會 2 晋升機會較低 3 沒有升職機會

Job in general Job in general 1 對於自己的不懂感到不開心

2 工作忙時感到辛苦和壓力大

Total 79

Suggestion for improvement in PARKnSHOPCategories Responses


- 70 -

Work environment People on present job 1 上司應給予員工晋升機會及體恤員工工作時間的長短

2 多支持減低壓力 3 上司可以為我主持公道 4 應對事而不是對人不應一聽到投訴就覺得是我們的不對 5 關心員工保持最佳的顧客服務 6 主管應對員工加深了解了解各員工在工作上遇到的困難協助

員工解決 7 希望公司領導能夠體諒兼職員工的壓力 8 同事之間應互相幫助互相體諒各同事

Physical environment 1 大收銀處加設空調 2 希望冷氣可以開大一些 3 加大休息室的空間及增設更多儲物櫃給員工擺於私人物件 4 加冷氣

Physical facilities 1 希望公司能安排椅子給員工 2 換一批新電腦 3 換新電腦 4 換電腦

Work schedule Working hour 1 有準時的收工時間

Work force 1 加多人手

2 請多些人手 3 請有多些同事一同工作可減輕大家的工作 4 增加人手在繁忙時間有足夠人手應付 5 忙的時候能多人手 6 請多 D 人 7 請多些人 8 增聘人手

Compensations Pay 1 加人工

2 加人工 3 加薪 4 調升工資 5 希望可以同其他商舖薪金的差額拉近距離 6 加薪 7 吃飯時間有薪金 8 將員工的最低薪金提升

Benefits 1 增設兼職員工購物優惠 2 希望能給予全職的一半購物優惠 3 全職購物有九折兼職是否應該有九五折或者有甚麼優惠 4 希望給予全職一半優惠


- 71 -

5 給予多些福利 6 定一個時間表去執行做滿三年之後可以享用和長工一樣的醫

療保險服務 7 兼職員工的福利提升 8 希望兼職享有購物折扣享有有薪金的用膳時間 9 加福利或優惠

Work in present job Customersrsquo complaint 1 對無理的客人公司會幫助我們

2 跟客人說話時用誠實語氣

Information mistake 1 轉價錢要清楚 2 我覺得改善的地方是若公司於某天貨場內有價格變動時希望能將

新價格 update 好便會少些出錯及在貨場內的貨品和價錢版最

好一定要準確

Development Training 1 希望自己更努去學習不懂之處

2 如培訓可於入職時加強一些重點工作例如工作上的資訊及公司

運作使員工於顧客之提問即時回答

Promotion 1 多轉全職的機會 2 多給予 PT 升職機會 3 公司應知人善任多留意員工表現以提供更多晋升機會 4 多轉全職工作的機會 5 給多點升職機會

Total 50

Suggestion for raising the morale in PARKnSHOPCategories Responses Work environment Supervisor support 1 上司多關心員工

2 我認為只需要上司及下屬保持良好關係並且上司應該每隔一個

月與下屬溝通一下工作情況知道員工的工作表現或給予意見

3 主管和同事間應該互相幫助對新同事說話是否不應該負氣 4 多關心員工 5 上下屬多溝通 6 同事間團結經理關心下屬 7 適當的讚賞

Colleague support 1 同事間互相幫助和體諒 2 一團和氣 3 鼓勵和提點 4 合作愉快 5 一視同仁


- 72 -

6 互相了解知道各同事的需要儘量幫助 7 做事齊心不要各有各做 8 同事相處開心 9 做到互相尊重和諧共處 10 促進員工之間的關係 11 和氣


2 加人工 3 加人工 4 加薪 5 加薪 6 加人工 7 提升薪金 8 加薪 9 加薪 10 加人工 11 加薪 12 加薪 13 加薪 14 加薪 15 每一年能夠加人工 16 加人工 17 加薪 18 加薪 19 加人工 20 加薪 21 加薪 22 加人工 23 加人工 24 提升工資 25 加薪 26 加人工

Benefits 1 給多些福利做到員工的要求 2 多福利 3 加強部分福利 4 提供福利購物有折扣 5 給予員工福利以鼓勵員工的士氣 6 希望享有一些福利例如用膳時間購物折扣等 7 多給予員工購物優惠 8 員工能夠有購物優惠

Development Training 1 多培訓


- 73 -

2 我希望一個月上一次堂教我怎樣去解決客人的問題如果可以

的話給我的進修英文

Promotion 1 多給員工不同的工作以增加他們的晋升機會 2 做得好有晋升機會 3 多升職機會 4 轉長工 5 希望轉全職 6 更多晋升機會 7 升職 8 轉長工 9 有機會轉全職 10 給予員工晋升機會

Organization support Organization activities 1 大食會集體旅行或員工同樂日

2 集體活動增加交流 3 多些活動如春茗時吃飯大抽奬等 4 舉辦活動讓員工共同參與令員工有歸屬感 5 可間中舉辦一些聚會

Rewards 1 奬勵計劃 2 如果神秘客人有好的評價就應該有書面又或者其它的奬品 3 多些奬勵 4 加設傑出員工奬 5 舉辦多些奬勵計劃 6 希望能有鼓勵或員工做得好有些奬賞會令員工更加努力和用心

工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all I would like to express my sincere thankfulness to

everyone who assisted and encouraged me in doing this project

I especially like to express my deepest gratitude for my supervisor

Professor Anne Marie Francesco who provided me valuable guidance and

many professional opinions in the whole process

Moreover I would also like to express my heartfelt thanks to Ms

Winnie Chow Human Resources Manager in PARKnSHOP who gave me

many positive ideas and supports

Also I would like to give million thanks to Ms Susanna Lee

Personnel Manger ndash Store Services and Ms Sally Leung Human Resources

Officer in PARKnSHOP who helped me immensely from introducing

companyrsquos operations to designing and distributing the questionnaires

Lastly I wish to thank all colleagues in PARKnSHOP who were

involved in the study Their cooperation and diligence in completing the

questionnaires was critical in bringing the study successful

- i -


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY









turnover intentions













- ii -







- iii -


TABLE OF CONTENTS













- a -



LIST OF TABLES






33

- b -








11 Background
















- 1 -







those peak seasons




2006






organization








- 2 -












- 3 -















(Adidam 2006) etc









- 4 -



















23 Job satisfaction






- 5 -























1998)

- 6 -















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY









turnover intentions













- ii -







- iii -


TABLE OF CONTENTS













- a -



LIST OF TABLES






33

- b -








11 Background
















- 1 -







those peak seasons




2006






organization








- 2 -












- 3 -















(Adidam 2006) etc









- 4 -



















23 Job satisfaction






- 5 -























1998)

- 6 -















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations







- iii -


TABLE OF CONTENTS













- a -



LIST OF TABLES






33

- b -








11 Background
















- 1 -







those peak seasons




2006






organization








- 2 -












- 3 -















(Adidam 2006) etc









- 4 -



















23 Job satisfaction






- 5 -























1998)

- 6 -















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


TABLE OF CONTENTS













- a -



LIST OF TABLES






33

- b -








11 Background
















- 1 -







those peak seasons




2006






organization








- 2 -












- 3 -















(Adidam 2006) etc









- 4 -



















23 Job satisfaction






- 5 -























1998)

- 6 -















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations



LIST OF TABLES






33

- b -








11 Background
















- 1 -







those peak seasons




2006






organization








- 2 -












- 3 -















(Adidam 2006) etc









- 4 -



















23 Job satisfaction






- 5 -























1998)

- 6 -















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations








11 Background
















- 1 -







those peak seasons




2006






organization








- 2 -












- 3 -















(Adidam 2006) etc









- 4 -



















23 Job satisfaction






- 5 -























1998)

- 6 -















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations







those peak seasons




2006






organization








- 2 -












- 3 -















(Adidam 2006) etc









- 4 -



















23 Job satisfaction






- 5 -























1998)

- 6 -















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations












- 3 -















(Adidam 2006) etc









- 4 -



















23 Job satisfaction






- 5 -























1998)

- 6 -















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations















(Adidam 2006) etc









- 4 -



















23 Job satisfaction






- 5 -























1998)

- 6 -















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations



















23 Job satisfaction






- 5 -























1998)

- 6 -















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations























1998)

- 6 -















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations















in this study









- 7 -



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations



a better job offer




Leslie 1993)














intentions

- 8 -



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations



31 Research Design










to Appendix I)










- 9 -



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations



employee

33 Procedures











853

34 Instrumentation









- 10 -














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations














items


Table 1


Subscale Items

Pay

Promotion

Supervisor

Coworkers

Nature of Work

4r 9

5 10 14

1 6r 11 15

2 7r 12 16r


- 11 -



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations



















mentioned


- 12 -


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


Table 2


Subscales Items




1 5r 8 11 13r

2 6 9 12 14


















- 13 -




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations




- 14 -


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 15 -

Table 3









Involuntary Part-

timer




Voluntary Part-

timer


















35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations





35 Data Analysis




















- 16 -




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations




- 17 -


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


CHAPTER IV RESULTS














in 227

- 18 -


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


Table 4










- 19 -












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations












Intention was 86













- 20 -


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 21 -



















- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 22 -





523 120 -26

38

-25

-13 08 03 46 46 70


47 27

34 60 76






43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


43 Group Comparison






















- 23 -


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


Table 6




Students (n=30)

Caretakers (n=44)









- 24 -



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations



different groups












- 25 -


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


Table 7


Employee Groups


Dependent Variables

Students (n=30)

Caretakers(n=44)




Coworker Mean (SD) 525 (125) 574 (109) 573 (089) 581 (108)


Pay Mean (SD) 285 (121) 295 (154) 312 (145) 300 (148)














- 26 -


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 27 -





issues

Table 8







Colleague support








- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 28 -












近屋企








- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 29 -




Table 9








Lunch arrangement









- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 30 -




Information mistake











Physical facilities






- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 31 -















Table 10






- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 32 -


務









Physical facilities





作






- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 33 -






Information mistake










and rewards as well

Table 11









- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 34 -





Colleague support





進修英文


升機會










51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations



51 Discussion






turnover problem














- 35 -
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations
























issues

- 36 -

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations

























- 37 -


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


52 Recommendations























- 38 -




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations




















skills





- 39 -






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations






implementation



















- 40 -

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations

























- 41 -














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations














1998) finally





commitment





- 42 -











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations











- 43 -




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations




















- 44 -


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


REFERENCES



10(1) 137-141





350-360











16-30

- 45 -




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations




Publications




Behavior 25(7) 893-915






Review 11 55-70





11(4) 493-503



Research 11(3) 101-108

- 46 -




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations




11(3) 8-16










CA



24(2) 211-228


New York






- 47 -










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations










South Western













19 305-320

- 48 -











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations











162


71(4) 24-28











- 49 -








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations








Times pp3 23











163


News 22(10) 1-5




- 50 -






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations






Behavior 1 253-273



passim






New York Praeger



15(3) 79-85





- 51 -


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


APPENDIX I


- 52 -


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


4 April 2007


- 53 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree









- 54 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree















- 55 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations



1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Strongly Disagree

Moderately Disagree

Slightly Disagree

Neither Disagree

Nor Agree

Slightly Agree

Moderately Agree

Strongly Agree





- 56 -


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 57 -


U U U


U U U


U U U


U U U


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 58 -


Female Male 2 Age

16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 and over

3 Marital status


4 Education Level









- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 59 -








- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 60 -



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微






- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 61 -







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 非常

不同意部分

不同意稍微








- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 62 -



U U U





16-23 24-31 32-39 40-47 48-55 56 或以上






少於 18 小時 19-27 小時 28-36 小時


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 63 -





APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


APPENDIX II


Regions Stores





















- 64 -


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 65 -

APPENDIX III






Work schedule


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 66 -








- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 67 -








Total 90









- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 68 -











- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 69 -














Total 79



- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 70 -













- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 71 -







好一定要準確





Total 50







- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 72 -







- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations


- 73 -







工作

Total 69

51 Discussion

52 Recommendations

part-time employee retention in parknshoplibproject.hkbu.edu.hk/trsimage/hp/04010817.pdf ·...

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