part-a –questions chapter-1-surveying · pdf filepage | 3 8. what is the classification...

46
Page | 2 PART-A –QUESTIONS Unit-1 CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING 1. Define Surveying: Surveying is the art of measuring horizontal distances and included angles to determine the relative positions of points on or above or below the earth surface in a horizontal plane. 2. What are the Objects of surveying? To prepare Plan or map 3. What are the types of surveying? Plane surveying, Geodetic surveying 4. State the principles of surveying. (i)Working from the whole to the part (ii)Location of a point by measurement from two reference points. 5. What is the difference between a plan and a map? Map is a representation of a large area to a small scale. Example: Map of India, Map of Tamil Nadu. Plan is a representation of a relatively small area to a large scale. Example: Plan Of a building. 6. Define Plane surveying and geodetic surveying. Plane surveying is a type of survey in which the surface of the earth is assumed to be plane neglecting the effect of curvature of earth’s surface. Geodetic surveying is the type of survey in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account. 7. State the purposes or use of surveying? To prepare the plan or map showing the ground features. To determine the relative heights of objectives/points in a vertical plane. To fix control points and thus to establish the boundaries. To set out any engineering works like buildings, roads, bridges, etc.

Upload: hanhi

Post on 04-Mar-2018

323 views

Category:

Documents


16 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 2

PART-A –QUESTIONS

Unit-1

CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING

1. Define Surveying: Surveying is the art of measuring horizontal distances and includedangles to determine the relative positions of points on or above or below theearth surface in a horizontal plane.2. What are the Objects of surveying? To prepare Plan or map3. What are the types of surveying?Plane surveying,Geodetic surveying 4. State the principles of surveying. (i)Working from the whole to the part (ii)Location of a point by measurement from two reference points.

5. What is the difference between a plan and a map?

Map is a representation of a large area to a small scale.

Example: Map of India,

Map of Tamil Nadu.

Plan is a representation of a relatively small area to a large scale.

Example: Plan Of a building.

6. Define Plane surveying and geodetic surveying.

Plane surveying is a type of survey in which the surface of the earth is assumed to be plane neglecting the effect of curvature of earth’s surface. Geodetic surveying is the type of survey in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account.

7. State the purposes or use of surveying?

To prepare the plan or map showing the ground features. To determine the relative heights of objectives/points in a vertical

plane.

To fix control points and thus to establish the boundaries.

To set out any engineering works like buildings, roads, bridges, etc.

Page 2: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 3

8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used?

Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying Plane table surveying Tachometric surveying Photo graphic surveying Aerial surveying

9. Define Levelling.

Levelling is a process of determination of the relative heights of surface features in a Vertical plane (VP)

10. Define Bearing.

Bearing is the horizontal angle between reference meridian and the survey line.it is measured in clock wise direction.

11. What are the instruments used in chain surveying?

Surveyors chain, Steel band, Tape, Arrows (chain pins)

12. What is the principle of chain surveying?

The principle of chain surveying is to divide area of the land into a network of triangles

of suitable sides. Chain survey is also called as chain triangulation.

13. What is use of surveyor’s chain?

To measure horizontal distances in field.

14. What are the steps involved in chain surveying?

1. Ranging

2. Chaining

3. Offsetting

15. What do you mean by offsetting?

Offset is the lateral measurement taken to the left or right of a survey line to locate details such as buildings, roads etc. Process of marking the offset is known as offsetting.

16. What is meant by local attraction?It is the influence caused on the measured bearing of lines due to the presence of objects like railway track, current-carrying wires etc.17. What is the use of cross staff?It is used to set out right angles in chain surveying.

Page 3: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 4

18. What is offset?The distance of an important object measured with respect to main chain line is called offset. It is classified into two types i) perpendicular offset and ii) oblique offset.19. What is compass surveying?It is a method of measuring angles in order to determine the angles included between the adjacent lines. Prismatic compass is the instrument used in compass survey.20. Distinguish between fore bearing and back bearing?The bearing of a survey line taken in the forward direction is called Fore bearing and the bearing of a survey line taken in the reverse direction is called Back bearing. The fore bearing and back bearing of any survey line differs by 180.21. Differentiate the whole circle bearing and reduced bearing system?

WHOLE CIRCLE BEARING

REDUCED BEARING

Bearing of a line is measured with respect tonorth direction.

Bearing of a line is measured with respect to either north or south whichever is nearer.

Bearing of a line ranges

between 0 and 360Bearing of a line ranges

between 0 and 90

Bearing is measured inclockwise direction

Bearing is measuredeither in clockwise or in

anticlockwise.

22. What are the essential parts of a leveling instrument?1. Telescope2. Level tube

Page 4: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 5

3. Leveling head4. Tripod23. Define (i) Back sight, (ii) Fore sight and (iii) Intermediate sight.Back sight (B.S): -It is the sight taken on a leveling staff held at a point of known elevation. It is the first leveling staff reading taken after the leveling instrument is set up and leveled.Fore sight (F.S): - It is the sight taken on a leveling staff held at a point whose reduced level is to be determined. It is the last leveling staff reading taken before shifting a leveling instrument from an intermediate station.Intermediate sight (I.S): -Any sight-reading taken between back sight and fore sight-reading is known as intermediate sight.24. What are the instruments used in leveling?i) Dumpy level ii) Leveling staff25. What is change point?The point on which fore sight is taken from one instrument station and back sight is taken from the next instrument station.26. Compare Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s rule.

Trapezoidal rule Simpson’s rule

Simple to apply Difficult to apply

Suitable for any number of divisions

Suitable only for even number of divisions

Fairly accurate Accurate

27. What is theodolite? Name the types.

Theodolite is an intricate instrument used mainly for accurate measurements of horizontal and vertical angles. It is the most precise instrument available for angular measurements. Theodolites may be classified as transit or non-transit theodolite and also classified as vernier theodolite or micrometer theodolite.

Page 5: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 6

Unit-1 CHAPTER-2- CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

1. What is the Composition of good brick earth?

Alumina (20 to 30%)

Silica (50 to 60%) – prevents cracking shrinking and warping of

raw bricks Lime (<5%) – prevents shrinkage of raw bricks

Oxide of iron (5 to 6%) – imparts red colour to the bricks

Magnesia – imparts yellow tint to the bricks and decreases

shrinkage2. What is the Standard size and average weight of the brick?Standard size: 190mm x 90mm x 90mm, Average weight: 3 to 3.5kg

3. What is Quarrying of stones?

The process of extracting stones from rocks is known asQuarrying of stones.

4. What is dressing of stones?

The process of making quarried stone into a definite andregular shape is known as Dressing of stones.

5. What are the important qualities of a good buildingstone? Stones used for walls should be hard and tough.

Stone should be highly weather resistant. Stone should be durable to withstand fire.

Page 6: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 7

6. State the uses of sand.

Used as Fine aggregate in mortar and concrete. Used a s cushion material at the bottom of foundation to distribute the

load uniformly to the subsoil. Used as filling material in flooring.

7. List out some varieties of cement.

1. Ordinary Portland cement. 2. Rapid hardening cement.

3. Quick Setting Cement. 4. High Alumina Cement.

5. Acid Resisting Cement.

6. Colored Cement. 7. Pozzuolana Cement. 8. White Cement.

9. Low Heat Cement.

8. What is proportioning of concrete?

The process of determining the relative proportions of cement, sand, coarseaggregate, and water so as to obtain a concrete of desired quality.

9. Define water cement ratio.

The ration of water to the cement in cement concrete is known water cementration. Water cement ratio = Weight of water / Weight of cement

10. Define workability of concrete. It is the property which indicates the ease with which concrete can be mixed,

placed and compacted.

11. Define curing of concrete. Curing is the process of keeping the concrete surface wet for a certain period after placing of concrete, to attain the desired strength and durability.

Page 7: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 8

12. What are the various market forms of steel sections? Bars

Plates

Flats

Angle sections

Channel sections

I – sections

T – sections

Expanded metal13. What are the Qualities of good bricks?

The bricks should give a clear metallic ringing sound when

struck with each other The bricks should be sufficiently hard. No impression should be

left on brick surface, when it is scratched with nails Brick should not absorb water more than 20% by weight when

immersed in cold water for a period of 24 hrs Bricks should not break when dropped flat on a hard ground

from a height of about 1 meter.

14. What is the Classification of bricks?

First class bricks

Second class bricks

Third class bricks

Over burnt bricks or Jhama bricks

Under burnt bricks or Pilla bricks

15. What is Surkhi?The broken pieces of bricks which are used in weathering course application over the roof of a building.

16. What are the Special types of bricks?

Perforated bricks

Hollow bricks

Paving bricks

Sand lime bricks

Pressed bricks

Fire bricks

Page 8: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 9

17. What are the Uses of bricks?

Bricks are mainly used for the construction of walls

and pillars Fire-bricks are used for lining the interiors of furnaces,

flues, ovens, chimneys, boilers, and in other fire places subjected to the action of high heat and fire

Paving bricks prepared from clay containing higher

percentage of iron can be used for pavements, since they resist abrasion in a better way

Hollow bricks are used for heat insulation purposes

18.What are the Steps in Manufacture of bricks? Preparation of clay

Removal of loose soil

Spreading and cleaning

Weathering

Blending

Tempering

Moulding

Drying

Burning

19. What are the tests for bricks?

Compressive strength test – to determine compressive strength

Flexural strength test – to determine resistance to bending

Water absorption test – to determine quantity of water absorbed when

immersed in water under standard conditions Test for soluble salts – to determine the presence of soluble salts like

sulphates of calcium, sodium etc., Resistance to weathering test

Thermal conductivity and sound insulation test

Fire resistance test

Expansion test – to determine change in volume of bricks on wetting

20. What is the Types of cement concrete Plain cement concrete

Reinforced cement concrete

Pre stressed cement concrete

Page 9: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 10

21. What are stages involved in the Preparation of concrete? Form work

Batching

Mixing

Placing and compacting

Curing

22. What are the tests on hardened concrete? Compressive strength test

Tensile strength

Flexural strength test (or modulus of rupture test)

23. What is the Classification of rocks?

Geological classification

Sedimentary rocks

Igneous rocks

Metamorphic rocks

Physical classification

Stratified rocks

Un-stratified rocks

Foliated rocks

Chemical classification

Siliceous rocks

Argillaceous rocks

24. What are the Qualities of stones?

Crushing strength should be greater than 100N/mm2

Crystalline and homogeneous in structure

Free from cracks, cavities and decay

Should not absorb water more than 0.6% of its weight after 24 hours

immersion Fracture of good building stone should be sharp, even and clear

25. What are the Properties of cement (qualities of cement)?

The color should be uniform

Cement should be uniform when touched

Cement should be cool when felt with hand. If

a small quantity of cement is thrown into a bucket of water, it should sink.

Page 10: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 11

Cement should be free from lumps

The initial setting time of cement should not

be less than 30 minutes and the final setting time shall be around 10 hours

Unit-2

CHAPTER-1 –FOUNDATIONS

1. Define foundation.Foundation is the bottommost part of a structure below the ground level which transmits the load from superstructure to the underlying soil.2. State the objectives (or functions) of foundation.

Foundation distributes the total load of the superstructure to the

subsoil uniformly. Foundation presents differential settlement of the structure,

Page 11: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 12

It provide leveled and hard surface to construct the superstructure over

it. It provides structural safety against scouring and undermining.

3. How the foundations are classified?

Foundations are mainly classified into two types.

Shallow foundation: -depth of foundation is less than 3m

-The depth of foundation is less than or equal to its width. Deep foundation:- depth of foundation is greater than 3m- The depth of foundation is greater than its width. 4. Give some examples for shallow foundation and deep foundation.Shallow foundation:- Spread footing, footing foundation, raft or mat foundation, steeped footing, inverted arch foundation etc.,Deep foundation:- Pile foundation, well foundation, pier foundation.

5. Define Bearing capacity of soil.

Bearing capacity of soil is defined as the ability of the soil tosupport the load coming on it without any sort of failure.

6. Define safe bearing capacity of soil.

The load that can be safely applied on the soil is called safebearing capacity of the soil.

Safe bearing capacity = Ultimate bearing capacity/ Factor of safety

7. What are the ways of improving the bearing capacity of soil?

Increasing the depth of foundation

Reducing the air spaces in the soil mass by compaction.

Draining the subsoil water.

Grouting the soil mass with cement grout.

Confining the soil mass

Injecting chemicals.

8. When combined footings are used?

Combined footings are used for two or more columns located on the boundary of the property or when the isolated footings

are very close to each other, overlap when individual

footings are made.

9. When raft foundation is adopted? Raft foundation is adopted for medium heavy structures in places where the soil has low bearing capacity. It is also

Page 12: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 13

used where unequal settlement is suspected.

Unit-2

CHAPTER-2-SUPERSTRUCTURE

1. What is masonry?The art of construction of structures using building materials is known as masonry. If stones are used it is called stone masonry and if brick is used then it is called brick masonry.2. Distinguish between corbel and cornice.The stone piece which projects inside from the wall to provide support to a structural member like truss, beam etc.,

Page 13: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 14

The continuous horizontal course of masonry projecting from the face of thewall is known as cornice.3. State any three precautions to be observed in stone masonry work.a. Formation of continuous vertical joints should be avoided.b. Bond stones should be used at regular intervals.c. The line of pressure acting on stones should be perpendicular to the natural bed of stones.4. State any four precautions to be observed in brick work.

a. The brick courses should be laid truly horizontal with truly vertical points.b. Bricks should be laid on their beds.c. Bricks should be soaked in water before use.

d. Brickwork should be raised uniformly along its length. In general the height of brick masonry construction in a day should be less than 1.5m.

5. Distinguish between uncoursed and coursed rubble masonry. Uncoursed rubble masonry is built with stones of irregular shapes and size as obtained from quarry. in coursed rubble masonry, stones dressed into regular sizes are laid in courses.

6. What is lap in brick work?

The horizontal distance between the vertical joints ofsuccessive brick courses is known as lap.7. Define beam.Beam is a horizontal structural member which is subjected to a system of loads whose lines of action are perpendicular to the axis of beam.

8. Define column.Column is a vertical structural member that supports beams and transmits theloads from the beams to the foundation.9. Define Lintel.A lintel is horizontal structural member which is constructed over the opening such as door, window etc, to support the load coming over the lintel.

10. How the beams are classified?a. Cantilever beam.

b. Simply supported beam. c. Fixed beam.

d. Overhanging beam.

Page 14: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 15

e. Continuous beam.

11. State the different types of lintel.

a. Wooden lintel.

b. Stone lintel. c. Brick lintel. d. Steel lintel.

e. Reinforced cement concrete lintel.

12. Distinguish between Lintel and Beam.

Lintel is a short beam placed over openings to support the loadabove opening. Beam spans between two walls, columns orbeams.

13. What are the functions of a floor?

To provide a leveled surface for day-to-day living andsupport the weight of occupants, furniture, equipment’s andinternal partition walls and distribute the load to thesupporting structure.

14. State the purposes of plastering. 1. To provide an even and smooth surface to

improve the appearance. 2. To conceal defects in workmanship and use of inferior material.

3. To provide a base for whitewashing, color washing painting 15. What are the basic forms of roof?i)Flat roofii) Pitched roofiii) Curved roof and domes.16. State hook’s law?It states that “within the elastic limit, the stress is directly proportional to the strain and bears a constant, known as young’s modulus or modulus of elasticity.17. Define Poisson’s ratio.Within the elastic limit the ratio of lateral strain to the longitudinal strain is a constant for a given material, known as Poisson’s ratio.18.What is Factor of Safety?Factor of Safety = Ultimate stress / Allowable stress19. What is bridge?A bridge is a structure built over valley, road, railway track, river, body of water for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle.

Page 15: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 16

20. What is a spillway?Spillway is the water way provided in the dam or separately for discharging the surplus water that cannot be safely stored in the dam.21. Different between upstream and down streamside of a dam.Upstream: the region of water where the water is stored.Downstream: the region water where the water is released.

Page 16: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 17

22. Define elastic limit. The limit up to which the body is capable of regaining its shape and size after

the removal of load is known as elastic limit.

23. State the purposes of Dam.

a. To store the surplus water. b. To control the stored water for irrigation.

c. To create hydro-electric power plant. d. To divert the water for domestic uses.

24. What are the different types of dam? a. Based on structural behavior: Gravity dam, Arch dam, Buttress, dam. b. Based on hydraulic design: Non over flow dam, over flow dam.

c. Based on materials used: Earth dam, Rock fill dam, RCC dam, composite dam, steel dam.

25. What is the difference between Pier and Abutment?

Pier is an intermediate support of bridge and abutment is the end support of abridge.

26. What is interior design?It refers to designing the interior space of important buildings.

27. What is landscaping?Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land outside or surrounding a building.28. State the principles of landscaping.a. Color b. Linec. Formd. Texturee. Scale

29. What are the factors to be considered while selecting a suitable landscaping design?a. Site conditionb. Maintenancec. Budgetd. Climatic conditionse. Available landscaping areaf. Soil conditiong. Water sources

Page 17: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 18

h. Available of material and labor.

Unit-3CHAPTER-1 –POWER PLANTS1. What is power plant?A system of equipments which is used to generate mechanical or electrical energy is called power plant.2. What are the classifications of power plants based on non-renewable

source of energy? Steam power plant. Nuclear power plant. Diesel power plant. Gas turbine power plant.

3. What are the classifications of power plants based on renewable sourceof energy?

Hydro-electric power plant. Solar power plant. Wind Power Plant Tidal power plant.

4. What is meant by prime mover?Prime movers are the devices which convert the energy from a natural source into

Page 18: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 19

mechanical work.5. Classification of prime mover

Thermal prime movers

Steam turbines

Internal combustion engines

Gas turbines

Hydraulic turbines

5. List four important factors to be considered for selecting hydro electric power plant?

Availability of water

Storage of water

Head of water

Distance from the load center

Accessibility of the site

Type of the land at the site

7. What is the tail race?The water level in the river where the water is discharged from the turbine is called tail race level.8. What is head race?The level of water stored in the reservoir is known as head race.

9. What is penstock?It is the pipe that carries the t from the surge tank to the turbine. It is made up of reinforced concrete pipes or steel.10. What is water hammer?As load on the turbine is reduced, there is a sudden rise of pressure in the penstock due to the back flow of the water. The sudden rise of pressure in the penstock is known as water hammer.11. What is the use of surge tank?The surge tank is introduced between the dam and the power house to keep in reducing the sudden rise of pressure in the penstock. Otherwise penstock will be damaged by the water hammer.

It is used to regulate the water supply to the turbine according to the load on the turbine. It supplies more water when the load increases and controls the water when the load on the turbine decreases.12. What is meant draft tube? Why draft tube is used?A pipe of gradually increasing area which is used for water discharge from the turbine outlet to the tail race is a draft tube.

Page 19: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 20

At the exit of the turbine the pressure will be less than the atmospheric pressure and the water cannot be directly discharged to the tail race. Hence the draft tubes are used.13. What is nuclear fission?When a neutron enters the nucleus of U235, the nucleus splits in to two equal fragments and also releases 2.5 fast moving neutrons with a velocity of 1.5 x 107 m/s producing a large amount of energy, nearly 200 million electron volts. This is called nuclear fission.14. What is chain reaction?The neutrons released during the fission can be made to fission other nuclei of U235 causing the chain reaction. A chain reaction produces enormous amount of heat, which is used to produce steam.

The chain reaction under uncontrolled conditions can release extremely large amount of energy causing atomic explosion.15. What is the function of the moderator?Moderator is used to reduce the speed of the fast moving neutrons and thus sustains the chain reaction.16. Name the materials used as moderators?

Heavy water

Graphite

Beryllium

17. What is the function of the control rods?A control rod is used to control the chain reaction.18. Name few control rod materials?Cadmium, Boron, Hatrium19. Name any four types of nuclear reactors?

Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)

Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)

Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR)

Heavy Water Cooled Reactor (HWR)

20. What is the use of regenerator?It is used to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber using hot exhaust gases from the turbine. This increases the efficiency of the plant.21. Which type of power plants are used as peak load power plants? Why?Diesel and Gas turbine power plants are used as peak load power plants. Because, starting and stopping the operation of these plants is easy. They respond quickly to load fluctuations. They have low capacity which is suitable for peak loads.

Page 20: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 21

22. Write the steam power plantcircuits. 1. Coal and ash 2. Air and flue gas 3.Feed water and steam. 4. Cooling water circuit. 23. What is the function of economiser? The economiser is used to pre-heat the feed water. 24. What is the function of super heater? The function of super heater is used to super heat the saturated steam and tosupply the steam to turbine. 25. What are the advantages of thermal power plants?

Power can be generated continuously. Power plant can withstand the varying load. Initial cost low The construction period for the power plant is minimum.

26. What are the dis-advantages of thermal power plants? 1. Power generation cost is high. 2. Handling of coal is a major problem. 3. Handling of coal is a major problem. 4.Life of the plant is low. 5. Plant efficiency is less.

27. Write the advantages of hydro electric power plant. This plant uses water for power generation. Water is easily available. Beside power generation, this also provides benefits like

irrigation, flood control, affore station-culture. Fuel cost is eliminated. Plants are automated and hence operating labor cost is low.

28. Write the dis-advantages of hydro electric power plant. 1. The plant disrupts the surrounding aquatic ecosystems. 2. Initial cost of plant is very high. 3. Failure of dams is potentially serious. 4. Large investments, long gestation periods are major issues. 29. What are the advantages of diesel power plants?

Power plant can be easily installed. The plant is smaller in size and fuel handling and storage is

easier. Quick starting and easy pickup is possible.

Page 21: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 22

No ash disposal problem.

30. What are the dis-advantages of diesel power plants?

Fuel is more expensive. Repair and maintenance cost is high. Capacity of diesel engine is low.

Lives of plants are low.

Page 22: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

31. What is the function of intercooler? This reduces the work of compressor; hence the power spent bycompressor is less when the air is cooled. 32. Write the advantages of gas turbine power plants.

The capital cost of plant is low. This can be quickly commissioned. It requires less space. Capacity to use wide variety of fuels.

33. What are the dis-advantages of nuclear power plant? Initial cost is higher.

Not suitable for varying load condition. Maintenance cost is higher. Trained workers / Engineers are required to handle the operation.

Unit-3CHAPTER-2 –PUMBS AND TURBINES1. What is pump? Pump is a mechanical device which is used for moving liquids or gases from lower pressure to higher pressure. In a pump mechanical forces are used to move the fluids. 2. What is priming? Priming is the operation of filling up of water in the suction pipe, casing and a portion of delivery valve to remove the air present inside. If any air is present, the pressure developed across the impeller will not be ufficient to suck the water from the sump. The delivery valve is kept closed during priming. 3. Give an example for the low, medium and high head turbines?

Low head – Kaplan turbine

Medium head – Francis turbine

High head – Pelton wheel

4. Differentiate between a steam turbine and water turbine

Steam turbine Water turbineIt is a machine which converts the heat energy of the steam in to mechanical energy

It is a machine which converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.

Example: De laval’s steam turbine Pelton wheel, Francis turbine5. What do you meant by compounding of impulse turbines?In impulse turbines, in order to reduce the high speed of rotation, more than one set ofblades are used. This is known as compounding of turbines6. What do you understand by the term a stage of a turbine?

Page 23: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

The term a stage refers to one set of fixed blades (nozzles) followed by one set ofmoving blades

7. Differentiate between impulse turbine and reaction turbine?

Description Impulse turbine Reaction turbineMain elements It consists of nozzles

and moving bladesIt consists of fixed blades(which acts as nozzles) and moving blades

Driving force It is only due to impulsive force of the steam

It is due to both impulsive force of the incoming steam and reactive force of the outgoing steam

Steam expansion The steam expands completely in the nozzle before it enters the moving blade

The steam expands both in the fixed and moving blades continuously as it flows over them.

Page 24: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

24.

8. Differentiate between pump and water turbine?

Pump TurbineIt converts mechanical energyinto hydraulic energy

It converts mechanical energyin to hydraulic energy

It is an energy absorbing machine It is an energy producingmachine

flow is decelerated flow is accelerated

9. What is a hydraulic pump?It is a device which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.10. How can you classify pumps? Positive displacement pumps

Reciprocating pumps

Rotary pumps (gear and vane pumps)

Non positive displacement pumps

Centrifugal pumps.

11. What are positive displacement pumps? Give examples?Positive displacement pump discharge a fixed quantity of liquid into the hydraulicsystem per revolution of pump shaft rotation.

12. What is meant by priming?It is the process of filling the water in the suction pipe, casing and portion of deliverypipe up to delivery valve, so that no air pockets left is called as priming.13. What are the purposes of providing casing on the centrifugal pump?

To guide liquid to and from the impeller

To partially convert the kinetic energy into pressure energy

14. What are the types of casing in the centrifugal pump?

Volute casing

Vortex casing

Volute casing with guide blades

Page 25: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

Unit-4CHAPTER-1 –I.C.ENGINE1. What is meant by I.C. engine? In this type of engine, combustion of fuel takes place within the cylinder. This type of engine includes gas engine, petrol engines and diesel engines. These are generally used for road vehicles, locomotives, and aircraft and for other industrial applications. 2. What is an external combustion engine?If the combustion of fuel takes place outside the engine cylinder, then the engine is called external combustion engine.Example: steam engines, stirling engines, steam turbines etc.3. Write the classification of I.C. engines. Based on ignition:

Spark ignition Compression ignition.

Based on fuel: o Petrol engine o Diesel engine.

Based on cooling system: o Air cooled

Page 26: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

o Water cooled. 4. What are the basic components of I.C. engines?

o Cylinder block. o Cylinder head. o Cylinder liners. o Crankcase. o Piston.

5. What is meant by Top dead centre? This refers to the position of the crankshaft when the piston is in its topmost position i.e., the position closest to the cylinder head. 6. What is meant by Bottom dead centre? This refers to the position of the crankshaft when the piston is in itslowest position i.e., the position closest to the cylinder head. 7. Define stroke. Stroke is defined as the distance traveled by the piston while movingfrom T.D.C to the B.D.C. 8. What is meant by clearance volume? The volume of cylinder above the piston when it is in the T.D.C. positionis referred to as Clearance volume (Vc).

9. What do you mean by Bore?The inside diameter of the cylinder is termed as bore.10. What is meant by Swept volume?It is the volume generated by the piston movement in one stroke from one dead center to other dead center. It is also known as stroke volume or displacement volume.11. Define compression ratio.It is the ratio of maximum cylinder volume and minimum cylinder volume.

12. Explain the function of piston and connecting rod.Piston: It receives the impulse from the expanding gas and transmits the energy to the crankshaft through the connecting rod.Connecting rod: It transforms reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft.

13. What are the functions of piston rings?(i). Piston rings are used to maintain the tight seal between the moving piston and the cylinder.(ii). It also prevents the leakage of fuel or the product of combustion from entering thebottom of the piston and crankcase.

14. What is a flywheel?(i). It is a heavy wheel that is connected to extreme end of the crankshaft.

Page 27: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

(ii). It purpose is to sustain the rotary motion and keep the crankshaft turning at a constant speed.

15. What is SI engine?If petrol and air mixture is used as the fuel in an IC engine, that engine is called as spark ignition engine or petrol engine.

16. Mention a few advantages of SI engines.(i). Operating speed is more.(ii). Starting is easy.(iii). Less weight.(iv). Low-cranking effort is required.(v). Gives less noise.(vi). Less initial and maintenance cost.

17. List the demerits of petrol engines.(i). Thermal efficiency is less.(ii). Specific fuel consumption is more.(iii). Fuel cost is more.(iv). Petrol is highly volatile and there is greater risk of fire.

18. Write the applications of petrol engines.(i). It is used in automobiles and aeroplanes where lightness in weight, reduction in noise is required.

19. What is CI engine? Why it is called so?CI engine is an IC engine, which uses diesel as fuel for combustion. They are also called as compression ignition or diesel engines.Fuel ignition is obtained by the pressure due to compression. Hence it is called as compression ignition engine.

20. What are the merits of diesel engines?(i). Specific fuel consumption is less.(ii). More compression ratio, hence thermal efficiency is more.(iii). Diesel is cheaper than petrol.(iv). Diesel is less volatile and fire hazards is less.

21. State the demerits of diesel engine.(i). Operating speed is less.(ii). Starting is difficult.(iii). More weight.(iv). More initial and maintenance cost.(v). More cranking effort is required.(vi). Gives more noise.

22. What are the applications of diesel engines?Diesel engines are used in heavy vehicles like buses, trucks, bulldozers, etc. due to thelow specific fuel consumption, less fire risk and low cost of fuel.

23. What is two-stroke engine?

Page 28: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

If all the cycle of operations is completed in two strokes of the piston or one revolution of the crankshaft, then the engine is called two-stroke engine.

24. What is four-stroke engine?If all the cycle of operations is completed in four strokes of the piston or two revolution of the crankshaft, then the engine is called four-stroke engine.

25. Write the applications of two-stroke engines.Two – stroke engines are used in light vehicles.Examples: Motorcycle, scooters, mopeds, etc.

Page 29: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 30

26. Define Scavenging. It is defined as a process of forcing out the exhaust gases from the cylinder by admitting the fresh charge into the cylinder. Thisaction takes place in two-stroke cycle engines.

27. Define Carburettor. The carburetor is a device for atomizing and

vaporizing the fuel and mixing it with the air in varying proportions to suit the changing conditions of spark ignition engines. The air fuel mixture so obtained from the carburetor is called the combustible mixture.

28. What are the main functions of a carburetor? It vaporizes and atomizes the fuel and mixes it with the air.

(Vaporization means the change of fuel from a liquid to a vapour where as ‘atomization’ is the breaking up of fuel by mechanical system, so that every small particle of the fuel is surrounded by air.) It provides and controls the amount and strength of air-fuel mixture under varying conditions of load and speed of the engine. It provides easy starting with the engine in cold.

29. What are the functions of Fuel injector? The purposes of the fuel injector is to injector a small volume of fuel in a fine spray and,to assists in bringing each droplet into contact with a sufficient oxygen to give quick and complete combustion. 30. Define spark plug. Spark plug is defined as a device which is used to ignite the compressed airfuel mixture by producing an electric spark. It is usually mounted on the cylinder head.31. What are the purposes of cooling system?

To maintain smooth running of engine To avoid the distortion of engine parts. To avoid pre-ignition of

charge. To maintain the temperature of engine within the limit.

Page 30: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 31

Unit-4CHAPTER-2 – BOILERS

1. What is a steam generator or boiler?It is a closed pressure vessel in which steam is produced by supplying the heat from the combustion of fuel to the water2. How boilers are are classified?(i). According to the contents of the tube

a). Fire tube boilerb). Water tube boiler

(ii). According to the location of position of furnacea). internally fired boilerb) Externally fired boiler

(iii). According to the position of the shella) Vertical boilerb) Horizontal boiler

(iv). According to steam pressurea) High pressure boiler (b)Low pressure boiler

3. What is the function of Boiler? The function of the boiler is to evaporate water into steam at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure. Water free from impurities such as dissolved salts, gases and non soluble solids should be supplied to boilers. This is done by suitable water treatment. Steam is useful for running steam turbines in electrical power stations. 4. What is a fire tube boiler?Fire tube boiler is a steam generator in which the hot flue gases flow throughthe tubes which are surrounded by water.5. What is water tube boiler?Water tube boiler is a steam generator in which the water is circulated throughthe tubes surrounded by hot flue gases..6. Mention two water tube boilers.(i).Babcock and Wilcox boiler(ii). Lamont boiler7. Mention two fire tube boilers.(i). Cochran boiler(ii). Lancashire boiler8. What are the important components of a boiler?(i). Furnace (firebox) (ii). Container (iii). Water tubes or fire tubes(iv). Combustion chamber (v) Man hole (vi). Blow off cock

Page 31: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 32

9. Which are called high-pressure boilers?The boilers whose working pressure is above 100 bar, a temperature of about

500C and producing 300 tonnes of stem per hour are known as high pressure

boilers.Example: Benson and Lamont boiler10. What is a manhole in a boiler?It is an oval shaped or a circular type hole(door) provided in the boiler shell for cleaning, inspection and repair of the boiler.11. What is a grate in a boiler?It is one of the parts of a boiler over which fuel is burnt.12. Why is damper provided in steam boiler?It is provided in a steam boiler to control the draught and thus regulate the rate of generation of steam.13. Why is the drum provided in a boiler?The purpose of providing a drum is to facilitate the collection of steam that gets separated from water.

14. At what pressure modern high pressure boilers produce steam?At 200 bar, the modern high pressure boilers produce steam.

15. What do you mean by the capacity of a boiler?The amount of steam generated per hour is known as the capacity of a boiler.16. What are water space and steam space? Suggest this for best operation?The volume occupied by water is called water space. The volume which is notoccupied by water and tubes is known as steam space.For best performance the variation must be very small between water and steam space.17. What is scaling? State its effects?The impurities that are left behind when water is transformed into steam forming a thin layer are called scales.The formation of scales reduces the heat transfer rate.

18. What is meant by boiler trail?Conducting a trial test on an existing boiler to determine the efficiency and capacity of the boiler and also the performance is called a boiler trail.19. What is meant by cogeneration?It is defined as the sequential production of electrical or mechanical power and process heat from the same energy source. It is used to conserve energy.

Page 32: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 33

20. Give the applications of modern high-pressure boilers.(i). Chemical industries(ii). Sugar industries(iii). Textile industries(iv). Railways21. What do you mean by IBR?IBR denotes Indian Boiler Regulations. A boiler manufactured in India shouldconfirm to safety regulations of IBR.22. Mention four boiler mountings.1. steam stop valve 2. Safety valve 3. Blow-off cock4. Pressure gauge 5. Fusible plug 6. Water gauge.23. Mention three boiler accessories.(i). Economiser (ii). Super heater (iii). Air pre-heater.24.What is the function of safety valve in a boiler?It is a device used to release steam to the atmosphere if the steam pressure exceeds the safe working pressure

25. What are the difference between boiler mountings and boiler accessories?

Sl.NoBoiler

mountingsBoiler

accessories

1They are used for the safe operation of the boiler

They are used to increase the efficiency of the boiler

2It must be provided with every boiler

Its only optional

3Examples: safety valves, pressure gauge and fusible plug

Examples: economizer air pre-heater and super heater

26. What is the function of a fusible plug?It is used to protect the fire tubes from getting burnt or melted when the waterlevel in the boiler falls below the designated level.27. What is the function of a blow- off cock?It is used to remove the impurities like sands, mud and salt deposits that gets collected at the bottom of the boiler shell.28. What is the function of steam stop valve in a boiler?Steam stop valve is used to regulate the flow of steam according to varying demands.29. What is the function of feed check valve?

Page 33: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 34

The function of feed check valve is to allow the supply of water to the boiler at high pressure continuously and to avoid the back flow of water from the boiler.30. What is an air pre-heater?Air pre-heater is a heat exchanger, which is used to preheat the air that is sent to the furnace. The heat of the exhaust gas is utilized before it is left out through the chimney.31What is the function of an economizer?It is a heat exchanger, which preheats the feed water before it reaches the boiler. It utilizes the heat of the exhaust gas before it is left out through the chimney.32. What is the function of a super heater?It is a heat exchanger used to super heat the steam, by this process the moisture present in the steam is removed and the steam temperature is further increased.

Page 34: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 35

Unit – 5CHAPTER - 1 –REFRIGERATION1. What is Refrigeration?It is a process of removing heat from a body to reduce its temperature lower

than that of its surroundings2. What is Refrigerator?It is equipment used for producing and maintaining the temperature in a

space below atmospheric temperature.3. What is Refrigerant?It is a working fluid (usually liquid or gas) used in the refrigerator.

4. What is Capacity of refrigerator?It is the rate at which heat can be extracted from the cold body i.e., the rate at

which refrigeration can be produced. It is expressed in terms of tonne ofrefrigeration.5. What is tonne or Ton of refrigeration?It is equal to the amount of refrigeration produced by melting 1 tonne of ice

in 24hours.It is defined as quantity of heat abstracted (refrigerating effect) to freeze one

tonne of water into ice in a duration of 24 hours at 0° C

1 tonne of refrigeration = 210 minkJ

= 3.5 skJ

= 3.5 kW

6. What is Coefficient of performance?(COP)

It is the ratio of heat absorbed to work done

donework absorbedheat

COP

7. What are commonly used refrigerants?

Refrigerant Application

Ammonia (NH3)Vapour absorptionrefrigerators

Carbon di oxide(CO2) Marine refrigeratorsSulphur di oxide(SO2) House hold refrigerators

Methyl chloride (CH3Cl)Small scale refrigerator anddomestic refrigerator

Freon 12 (or) Dichloro Domestic vapour compression

Page 35: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 36

difluoro methane (CCl2F2) refrigeratorsFreon 22 (or) Difluoromonochloro methane(CHClF2)

Air conditioners

8. What are the Properties of good refrigerant?1. Low freezing point2. Low boiling point3. Low viscosity4. Low specific volume5. High latent heat of vaporisation6. Low specific heat capacity7. Low saturation pressure8. High critical temperature and pressure9. It should have high COP10. Non inflammable and non explosive11. Non toxic and non corrosive to metals12. Odourless13. It should be easy to liquefy14. It should be capable of mixing well with lubricant oil

9. What is Refrigeration effect?

Refrigeration effect = takenTime

space cold thefrom abstractedHeat

10. What is Viscosity? It is the property of the fluid which offers resistance to flow

11. State the second law of Thermodynamics. Second law of Thermodynamics states that heat will not pass from cold region to a warm one without the aid of an external agent. Therefore, a refrigerator will require this external agent or energy input, for its operation.

12. What are the applications of refrigeration? o Preserving foodstuffs in homes, restaurants and in large warehouses. o Used to liquefy gases like oxygen, Nitrogen, Propane and Methane. o Preserving dairy products, fruits and vegetables. o Preserving Meats, poultry and fish.13. What are the types of refrigeration system? Vapour compression refrigeration system ,Vapour absorption refrigerationsystem

14. Write the difference between Vapour compression and Vapourabsorption refrigeration system.

Page 36: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 37

In Vapour compression system The capacity of the system is above 1000 tons In Vapour absorption system Maximum capacity is limited to 1000 tons In Vapour compression system The operation is quit & Maintenance cost is low In Vapour absorption system The operation is noisy & Maintenance cost is high.

Unit – 5CHAPTER -2- AIR CONDITIONING

Page 37: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 38

1. What is Air conditioning?Air conditioning is defined as the process of simultaneously controlling andmaintaining the properties of air like temperature, humidity, purity, directionof flow etc., in a closed space.2. What is the Principle of air conditioning?An air conditioner continuously draws air from an indoor space to be cooledand cools it by refrigeration principles and discharges it back into the sameindoor space that needs to be cooled3. What is Psychrometry?It is the study of properties of moist air4. What is Psychrometric properties?The properties of air and water vapour mixture is called as psychrometricproperties5. What is Dry air?Atmospheric air without the presence of water vapour is called dry air

6. What is Moist air ?It is the mixture of dry air and water vapour7. What is Moisture ?

It is the water vapour present in the dry air8. What is Saturated air?When the mixture of air and water vapour at a given temperature containsmaximum amount of water vapour that it can hold (i.e., fully saturated), thenthe air is called saturated air.9. What is Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT)?The temperature of air which is measured by an ordinary thermometer isknown as dry bulb temperature.10. What is Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT)?The temperature of the air when it is measured by the thermometer, when itsbulb is covered with wet cloth exposed to air.11. What is Wet Bulb Depression (WBD)?The difference between the dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature iscalled wet bulb depression.12. What is Dew Point Temperature?It is the temperature at which the water vapour in the air begins to condense

or dew is formed.

13. What is Specific humidity (or) Humidity ratio?It is defined as the ratio of mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air

Page 38: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 39

14. What is Relative humidity?It is defined as the ratio of mass of water vapour in a given volume of air at agiven temperature to the mass of water vapour present in the same volume ofair and temperature when it is fully saturated.15. What is Air conditioning or Psychrometric Processes?

• Sensible heating process• Sensible cooling process• Humidification process• Dehumidification process

16. What is Sensible heating?• The heating of air without addition of moisture is known assensible heating• The heating is done by passing the air over the heating coils oftubes

17. What is Sensible cooling? • The cooling of air without removing the moisture is known assensible cooling.• The cooling is done by passing the air over the cooling coil of

tubes18. What is Humidification process?

• The addition of water vapour to the air is known ashumidification

• Humidification is done by spraying water over the air stream atconstant dry bulb temperature of air.

19. What is Dehumidification process?The removal of water

vapour from the air is known as dehumidification process.

20. What are the Requirements of conditioned air?

Page 39: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 40

• Humidity of air• Temperature of air• Purity of air• Movement of air• Percentage of O2 and CO2

21. What is the Classification of air conditioning system?• Comfort air conditioning system• Summer air conditioning system• Winter air conditioning system• Year – round air conditioning system• Industrial air conditioning system

22. What are the applications of Air conditioning? o Providing relatively constant indoor environment for a building as per human comfort. o For taller buildings where natural ventilation is not possible due to high o In hospital operation theatres, to reduce infection risk. .

23. Write the types of Air conditioner? 1. Window air conditioner 2. Package air conditioner 3. Split type air conditioner

PART-B -QUESTIONS

Page 40: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 41

Unit-1

CHAPTER-1 -SURVEYING

1. Calculate the area by (i) Simpson’s rule (ii) Trapezoidal rule for the followingoffsets.3.25, 5.60m, 4.20m, 6.65m, 8.75m, 6.20m, 3.25m, 4.20m, 5.65m.Take common distance= 10m. (Ans: Page No.32)2. Calculate the area by (i) Simpson’s rule (ii) Trapezoidal rule for the followingoffsets.0, 3.25, 4.10, 6.45, 8.90, 5.75, 8.50, 0m.Take equal interval = 5m.

(Ans: Page No.33)3. Calculate the area by (i) average ordinate method (ii) Trapezoidal rule for thefollowing offsets.3.22, 5.2, 7.3, 4.62, 8.35, 3.7, 4.57, 6.52m.Take equal interval = 12m.

(Ans: Page No.374)4. Convert the following Whole Circle Bearing (WCB) into Reduced Bearing (RB). (i) 22030’(ii)170012’(iii) 211054’ (iv) 327024’

(Ans: Page No.26)5. Convert the following Reduced Bearing (RB) into Whole Circle Bearing (WCB) (i) N 12024’E (ii) S 31036’E (iii) S 6806’W (iv) N 5042’ W

(Ans: Page No.27)6. Convert the following Fore Bearing (FB) into Back Bearing (BB). (i) AB 12024’ (ii) BC119048’ (iii) CD 266030’ (iv) DE354018’

(Ans: Page No.29)7. Convert the following Fore Bearing (FB) into Back Bearing (BB). (i) PQ N 1800’E (ii) QR S 120 24’E (iii) RS S 59018’W (iv) ST N 860

12’W(Ans: Page No.29)

8. Explain briefly the types of surveying. Also explain the different classifications of surveying

(Ans: Page No.4-5)

9. Explain the principles of surveying.(Ans: Page No.5-6)

10. Explain briefly the construction of a metric chain with neat sketch. Also explain briefly the instruments used in chain surveying with neat sketch.

(Ans: Page No.7-8)

Page 41: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 42

11. Explain briefly the prismatic compass, surveyor’s compass with neat sketch.(Ans: Page No.11-12)

12. Explain the following with neat sketch. (i) Simple leveling (ii) Differential leveling.

(Ans: Page No.20, 21, 22)13. Explain the following instruments used in leveling with neat sketch. (i) Dumpy levels (ii) leveling staff

(Ans: Page No.19, 20, 21)

Unit-1CHAPTER-2 –CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS1. Explain the uses or applications of the following civil engineering materials

(i) Bricks (ii) Stones (iii) cement (iv) concrete(Ans: Page No. (i) 42(ii) 44 (iii)49(iv)57)

2. Explain the types or classification of the following civil engineering materials(i) Bricks (ii) Stones (iii) sand (iv) cement (v) concrete

(Ans: Page No. (i) 41(ii) 42,43 (iii) 46,47 (iv) 49,50 (v) 53)3. Explain the ingredients or constituents or chemical composition of the following civil engineering materials(i) Bricks (ii) cement (iii) concrete

(Ans: Page No. (i) 40(ii) 48 (iii)51)

4. Explain the good qualities or requirement of the following civil engineering materials(i) Bricks (ii) Stones (iii) sand

(Ans: Page No. (i) 41(ii) 44 (iii)47)

5. Explain the different steel forms or steel sections available in market with neat sketch.

(Ans: Page No.59)6. Explain briefly the following:(i)water cement ratio (ii) workability (iii) Slump Test

(Ans: Page No.55)

Unit-2CHAPTER-1 –FOUNDATIONS

Page 42: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 43

1. Explain the different types of shallow foundations with neat sketch.(Ans: Page No.68-73)

2. Explain the different types of deep foundations with neat sketch.(Ans: Page No.75-80)

3. Explain the requirement and functions or purpose of a foundation.(Ans: Page No.67, 68)

4. Explain the following:(i) Bearing capacity of the soil(ii) Ultimate bearing capacity of the soil(iii) Safe bearing capacity of the soil

(Ans: Page No.67)

Unit-2CHAPTER-2-SUPERSTRUCTURE

1. Explain the different types of bridges with neat sketch(Ans: Page No. 165-170 )

2. Explain the different types of culverts with neat sketch(Ans: Page No. 172,173 )

3. Explain the different types of Dams with neat sketch(Ans: Page No. 177-183)

4. Explain the different types of masonry with neat sketch(Ans: Page No. 88-100)

5. Explain the following:(i)Beams (Ans: Page No. 103)

(ii) Columns (Ans: Page No. 106)6. Explain the following:

(i) Lintels (Ans: Page No. 108)(ii)Roofing (Ans: Page No. 111)

7. Explain the following:(i) Flooring (Ans: Page No. 122)(ii) Plastering (Ans: Page No. 126)

8. Explain the following:(i)Stress (Ans: Page No. 131)(ii) Strain ( Ans: Page No. 131)(iii) Elasticity (Ans: Page No. 134)(iv)Poisson’s ratio (Ans: Page No. 136)

Page 43: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 44

9. Explain the following:(i) Modulus of elasticity (Ans: Page No. 135)(ii) Modulus of Rigidity (Ans: Page No. 135)

10.Explain the following:(i)External forces (Ans: Page No. 130)(ii) Internal forces (Ans: Page No. 131)

11.Explain the following:(i)Hook’s law (Ans: Page No. 134)(ii)Lateral and volumetric strain (Ans: Page No. 134)

Unit-3CHAPTER-1 –POWER PLANTS

1. Explain the different circuits of steam power plant with neat sketch(Ans: Page No. 215-219)

2. Explain the different components, working of diesel power plant with neat sketch

(Ans: Page No. 223-225)3. Explain the different components, working of Gas turbine power plant

with neat sketch(Ans: Page No.221-222)

4. Explain the different components, working of Hydro-electric power plant with neat sketch

(Ans: Page No. 223-226)5. Explain the different components, working of nuclear power plant with

neat sketch(Ans: Page No. 230-233)

6.i) Classify various types of power plants (Ans: Page No. 214) ii) State the working principle and advantages of thermal power plant

(Ans: Page No. 215,219)7. What are the applications and advantages of diesel power plant?

(Ans: Page No. 225,226)

Page 44: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 45

Unit-3

CHAPTER-2 –PUMBS AND TURBINES1. Draw a sketch of a single acting reciprocating pump. List the components

and briefly explain their functions.(Ans: Page No. 240)

2. With a neat sketch explain double reciprocating pump(Ans: Page No.241, 242)

3. With a neat sketch, explain the construction and working of a centrifugal pump

(Ans: Page No. 243-245)4. Write short notes on Compounding of an impulse turbine

(Ans: Page No. 250,251,252)5. Explain the construction and working of pelton wheel with neat sketch

(Ans: Page No. 253,254)6. Explain the construction and working of Francis turbine with neat sketch

(Ans: Page No. 255)7. Explain the construction and working of Kaplan turbine with neat sketch

(Ans: Page No. 256)

Unit-4CHAPTER-1 –I.C.ENGINE

1. Explain the working of four stroke diesel engine with neat sketch? (Ans: Page No. 271)

2. Explain the working of four stroke petrol engine with neat sketch? (Ans: Page No. 268)

3. Explain the working of two stroke diesel engine with neat sketch? (Ans: Page No. 272)

4. Explain the working of two stroke petrol engine with neat sketch (Ans: Page No. 269)

5. Compare Petrol engine with diesel engine? ( Ans: Page No. 274)6. Compare two stroke engines with four stroke engines? (Ans: Page No.

274)7. Explain the main components of an IC engine with neat sketch?

(Ans: Page No. 264,265& 266)

Page 45: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 46

8. Explain different classifications of an IC engine? (Ans: Page No. 263&264)

Unit-4CHAPTER-2 – BOILERS

1. Explain the construction and working of Benson boiler with neat sketch? Ans: Page No. 293-295

2. Explain the construction and working of La-mont boiler with neat sketch? Ans: Page No. 291-293

3. Explain the construction and working of Cochran boiler with neat sketch? Ans: Page No. 286-288

4. Explain the different types of boiler mountings with neat sketch? Ans: Page No. 282&283

5. Explain the different types of boiler accessories with neat sketch? Ans: Page No. 283-286

6. Explain the merits of High pressure boilers? Ans: Page No. 296

Unit – 5CHAPTER - 1 -REFRIGERATION

1. Explain the description and working of Vapour Compression Refrigeration system with neat sketch? Ans: Page No. 304-306

2. Explain the description and working of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration system with neat sketch? Ans: Page No. 306-309

3. Draw the schematic layout of Domestic refrigerator? Ans: Page No. 3114. Compare vapour compression with vapour absorption? Ans: Page No.

3095. Explain the following:

a. Ton of Refrigeration Ans: Page No. 302b. C.O.P Ans: Page No. 302c. Refrigerant Ans: Page No. 303

Page 46: PART-A –QUESTIONS CHAPTER-1-SURVEYING · PDF filePage | 3 8. What is the Classification of surveying according to instrument used? Chain surveying Compass surveying Theodolite surveying

P a g e | 47

Unit – 5CHAPTER -2- AIR CONDITIONING

1. Explain the description and working of Window Air Conditioner system with neat sketch? Ans: Page No. 324-326

2. Explain the description and working of Split type Air Conditioner system with neat sketch? Ans: Page No. 326&327

3. Briefly explain the construction and working of summer and Winter Air Conditioner with neat sketch? Ans: Page No. 321-323

4. Explain the followinga. Sensible Heating & Sensible Cooling Ans: Page No. 320b. Humidification & De- Humidification Ans: Page No. 320c. Relative Humidity & dew point Temperature Ans: Page No.

319