NOTABLE EVENTS AND DISASTERS OF 2014

HIGHLIGHTS OF FLOODS

2014: FLOODS ARE A GLOBAL

NATURAL HAZARD CONTINUUM

• FLOODS

• SEVERE

WINDSTORMS

• EARTHQUAKES

• DROUGHTS

• VOLCANIC

ERUPTIONS

• ETC.

FLOODS

• Floods occur somewhere in the

world 10,000 times or more

each year.

FLOOD-INDUCED LANDSLIDES

• Many of the global flood

occurrences also trigger

landslides, mudslides,

mudflows, and rock falls.

FLOODS

• Floods, which can be either

slow onset or rapid onset

events (i.e., flash floods), occur

when a locale can not process

the amount of water that it is

receiving in a normal manner.

FLOODS occur when water accumulates

too rapidly to be processed in

the locale from: a) natural

events such as rainfall and

snow melt, b) storm surge and

heavy rain from hurricanes and

typhoons, and c) tsunami waves

THE “PINEAPPLE EXPRESS”

FLOODS

• Pineapple Express is a non-

technical, meteorological term for

an “atmospheric river” of moisture

from the waters adjacent to the

Hawaiian Islands that extend to

any location along the Pacific

coast of North America.

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF

STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN

FLOODS

INUNDATION

INTERACTION WITH

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS

DAMAGE FROM WATER

WATER BORNE DISEASES

(HEALTH PROBLEMS)

EROSION AND MUDFLOWS

CONTAMINATION OF GROUND

WATER

CAUSES

OF RISK

CASE HISTORIES

WIND PENETRATING

BUILDING ENVELOPE

SEVERE

WINDSTORMS

UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM

FLYING DEBRIS

STORM SURGE

IRREGULARITIES IN

ELEVATION AND PLAN

SITING PROBLEMS

FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES

CAUSES

OF

DAMAGE

“DISASTER

LABORATORIES”

HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF

INCOMING WAVES

TSUNAMIS

INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE

RUNUP

VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE

RUNUP

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF

BUILDINGS

FLOODING

INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL

AND VERTICAL EVACUATION

PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF

TSUNAMI

CAUSES

OF

DAMAGE

“DISASTER

LABORATORIES”

NOTE: INUNDATION BECOMES

A POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENT

WHEN IT a) TRIGGERS LANDSLIDES,

b) INTERACTS WITH A COMMUNITY’S

BUILDINGS, CRITICAL

INFRASTRUCTURE, CROPS, AND c)

CREATES A FAVORABLE

ENVIRONMENT FOR INFECTIOUS

DISEASES

2014: EXAMPLES OF NOTABLE

FLOOD EVENTS

FLOOD EVENTS

Flood-induced Mudslide in Washington

After the Iquique, Chile Tsunami

After Typhoon Hagupit in The

Philippines

The “Pineapple Express” in California

FLOOD-INDUCED

MUDSLIDE IN WASHINGTON

STATE, USA

SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 2014

LOCATION MAP

THE 2014 MUDSLIDE

• The slide, which occurred on

Saturday morning, was

triggered by heavy rainfall and

reported to be about 25 m (80

feet) deep in some parts.

THE 2014 MUDSLIDE

• Officials described the

mudslide as "a big wall of mud

and debris” that blocked about

a mile of State Route 530 near

the town of Oso, about 55 miles

north of Seattle.

WALL OF MUD MOVED

AFTER HEAVY RAINFALL

THE MUDSLIDE

THE MUDSLIDE

NEITHER THE LOCATION

NOR THE EVENT WERE A

SURPRISE

PRIOR PREPAREDNESS

ACTIVITIES

• In 2006 after a smaller landslide

occurred on the north fork of

the Stillaguamish River,

millions of dollars were spent

on regional mitigation

measures.

PRIOR PREPAREDNESS

ACTIVITIES

• In 2010, a report commissioned

by the county in order to be in

compliance with federal

regulations identified the

hillside that collapsed Saturday

outside of the community of

Oso as particularly susceptible.

The 15 million cubic foot

mudslide destroyed about

50 homes

PREPARING FOR SEARCH

AND RESCUE

THE DILEMNA FOR SEARCH

AND RESCUE TEAMS• The debris pile was about a square mile

(2 1/2 square kilometers) and 30 to 80

feet (9 to 25 meters) deep in places,

with a surface that includes quicksand-

like muck, rain-slickened mud, and ice.

• The terrain was difficult to navigate on

foot and very treacherous when heavy

equipment was brought in.

THE DILEMNA FOR SEARCH

AND RESCUE TEAMS

• To make matters worse, the debris

pile includes other hazards such

as fallen trees, propane and septic

tanks, twisted vehicles, and

countless pieces of shattered

homes

--- AND CONTINUING

RAINFALL INCREASED THE

LIKELIHOOD OF FLASH

FLOODS AND ADDITIONAL

MUDSLIDES

SAR: SLOW, DANGEROUS WORK

WITH FEW SUCCESSES

176 MISSING

14 DEAD

AS OF TUESDAY, MARCH 25

BUT RESCUE EFFORTS

CONTINUED….

Specialized teams and high-

tech equipment — including

technology to locate

cellphone pings under the

wreckage — were deployed

SLOW DANGEROUS WORK

Due to the dangerous

environment, as bodies were

being discovered underneath the

rubble, they are being flown out

together in groups each afternoon

instead of one at a time in

helicopters.

TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP

IN IQUIQUE, CHILE

APRIL 1, 2014

IQUIQUE, CHILE

EARTHQUAKE (April 1, 2014)

IQUIQUE, CHILE: FLOODING

FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP

TYPHOON HAGUPIT

STRIKES THE PHILIPPINES

December 6-8, 2014

Typhoon Hagupit made a

painfully slow landfall at 11

kph (7 mph) in the Philippines

on Saturday, lashing the island

of Samar with 200 kph (125

mph) winds and unloading at

least 40 cm (16 in) of rain over

coastal areas.

Typhoon Hagupit, known

locally asTyphoon Ruby, first

landed at Eastern Samar on

Saturday and moved slowly

across the country, bringing

heavy rains and strong winds.

3 DAYS OF HEAVY RAINFALL

At least 21 people in the

Philippines were killed before

Typhoon Hagupit weakened

into a tropical storm Monday.

The storm forced more than

one million people out of their

homes and into shelters.

THE “PINEAPPLE EXPRESS”

STRIKES CALIFORNIA

11-14 DECEMBER 2014

A weather system fueled by the

"Pineapple Express," a long,

narrow atmospheric plume that

continuously piped moisture from

Hawaii into the western United

States, started delivering heavy

rainfall to the San Francisco area

and the entire state on 10

December.

RAIN, AND MORE RAIN

RAIN-INDUCED MUDSLIDE:

PACIFIC COAST HIGHWAY

RAIN-INDUCED ROCK SLIDE:

SOME HOUSES BURIED

BEYOND 2014:

Communities throughout the

world know why it is urgent for

their stakeholders to continue

working on becoming FLOOD

and FLOOD-INDUCED

LANDSLIDE DISASTER

RESILIENT

Each community knows that it

is only a matter of time until the

inevitable flood event e occurs

that can expose its physical and

social vulnerabilities

YOUR

COMMUNITY

DATA BASES

AND INFORMATION

HAZARDS:GROUND SHAKING

GROUND FAILURE

SURFACE FAULTING

TECTONIC DEFORMATION

TSUNAMI RUN UP

AFTERSHOCKS

•MONITORING

•HAZARD MAPS

•INVENTORY

•VULNERABILITY

•LOCATION

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

BOOKS OF

KNOWLEDGE

•PREPAREDNESS

•PROTECTION

•EARLY WARNING

•EM RESPONSE

•RECOSTRUCTION AND

RECOVERY

FLOOD DISASTER

RESILIENCE

THE PEOPLE CONTINUUM

7 + BILLION

(DISTRIBUTED IN

COMMUN-ITIES

AND RURAL

AREAS

THROUGHOUT

THE WORLD)

THE COMMUNITY CONTINUUM: (BUILDINGS.

INFRASTRUCTURE, ENTERPRISE)

• GOVERNMENTS

• DWELLINGS

• SCHOOLS

• HEALTH CARE

FACILITIES

• BUSINESSES

• INFRA-

STRUCTURE

THE REASONS FOR A FLOOD

DISASTER TO OCCUR. . .

The community is UN-PREPARED

for the flood hazards

(INUNDATION, LANDSLIDES, etc.,)

that are likely to happen.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

The community has NO DISASTER

PLANNING SCENARIO or LAND USE

PLANS or ORDINANCES in place as

a strategic framework for

identification and coordinated local,

national, regional, and international

countermeasures.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

The community has NO EARLY

WARNING SYSTEM or COMMINITY

EVACUATION PLANS in place as a

strategic framework for identi-

fication and coordinated local,

national, regional, and international

countermeasures.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

The community LACKS THE

CAPACITY TO RESPOND to the

full spectrum of expected and

unexpected emergency

situations in a timely and cost-

effective manner.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

The community is INEFFECIVE

during recovery and

reconstruction because it HAS

NOT LEARNED IMPORTANT

LESSONS from either the current

experience or the cumulative

prior experiences.