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Product Management Financials January, 2014 Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP Account Approach versus Ledger Approach in SAP New General Ledger

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  • Product Management Financials

    January, 2014

    Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP

    Account Approach

    versus

    Ledger Approach

    in SAP New General Ledger

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 2 Public

    Structure of the Presentation

    Aims of this presentation:

    Provide a short introduction to how parallel accounting can be portrayed using

    Classic General Ledger Accounting

    New General Ledger Accounting

    Cover the relevant topics in terms of other SAP ERP components.

    Parallel accounting is discussed in detail for the following recommended

    approaches:

    Chart of accounts approach (or parallel G/L accounts referred to here as the account approach)

    Ledger approach in new General Ledger Accounting

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 3 Public

    Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP

    Portrayal of Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP

    Components

    Financial Acounting

    Asset Accounting

    Controlling

    Material Management

    Others

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 4 Public

    Alternatives of implementing parallel accounting

    Local Close SAP R/3

    (Classic GL)

    SAP ERP

    (New GL)

    Parallel ledgers X

    Parallel accounts X X

    Parallel special purpose ledgers X X

    Parallel company codes X X

    Recommended approaches

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 5 Public

    Alternatives of implementing parallel accounting

    In new General Ledger Accounting in SAP ERP, the approaches using parallel ledgers or parallel accounts are equivalent in terms of the results produced. Which

    approach is applied depends on each customer's situation.

    Parallel accounts in SAP ERP prove just as powerful as parallel accounts in classic General Ledger Accounting in SAP R/3.

    Parallel ledgers in SAP ERP are much better than the combination of classic General Ledger Accounting and Special Purpose Ledgers in SAP R/3.

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 6 Public

    Parallel GL Accounts

    Items with significant valuation differences are posted to different accounts. Each valuation

    has its own set of pure accounts.

    Common accounts are used where no material valuation differences occur.

    It is advisable to have clearly discernable account number ranges or distinguishing digits or

    letters to distinguish among sets of accounts.

    Since each set must be in balance, extra care must be taken to ensure correct account

    determination: establish an accounting guideline!

    Common

    Accounts

    Pure IFRS

    Accounts

    Pure

    Local GAAP

    Accounts

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 7 Public

    Parallel G/L-Accounts

    Options for creating charts of accounts:

    Prefix and account number or last digit of the account number

    Prefix: Alphanumeric or numeric

    Account Number Suffix

    A 1 0 xxxxxx Common accounts

    0

    B 2 1 xxxxxx IFRS accounts 1

    C 3 2 xxxxxx Local accounts 2

    Common accounts retain a 0, but all local valuation accounts have

    to be created again and can be transferred manually (with the

    exception of FI-AA)

    A prefix is added to all account numbers. Chart of accounts is

    converted using the chart of accounts conversion tool.

    IFRS Reporting 0 common accounts and

    1 IFRS accounts

    Local Reporting 0 common accounts and

    2 local accounts

    => Validation of the layer is

    useful for postings

    using the same valuation

    approach and values

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 8 Public

    Local GAAP IFRS Common Accounts

    Fixed Asssets

    FC Losses

    Vendor

    (Payable)

    Customer

    (Receivable)

    B/S

    P

    /L

    FC Gains Sales Electricity

    Revenue Fix Asset

    Retirement Clearing Account Fix Asset

    Retirement

    Clearing Account Fix Asset

    Retirement

    Other Provisions Other Provisions Fixed Assets

    FC Losses

    Balance

    Carryforward

    Local Accounts

    Balance

    Carryforward

    Common Accounts

    Balance

    Carryforward

    IFRS Accounts 2 ... 0 ... 1...

    FC Gains

    Parallel G/L-Accounts

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 9 Public

    Parallel Ledgers

    International accounting principle for example IFRS is primary valuation represented by the leading ledger.

    Local GAAP books are maintained in an additional non-leading ledger Non-leading ledgers can use a different fiscal year variant. (For restrictions on this, see SAP Note 844029).

    Same Accounts are used for all ledgers

    Example:

    Leading Ledger

    (IFRS)

    Non-Leading Ledger 1 (Local GAAP)

    Non-Leading Ledger 2

    (Tax)

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 10 Public

    Parallel Ledgers Operative postings updating all G/L ledgers

    If no ledger group is specified during document entry: Posting is done to all defined GL ledgers

    Typical Transactions: incoming invoice, outgoing invoice, payment

    Ledger A

    (IFRS)

    (leading ledger)

    Ledger B

    (Local GAAP)

    Ledger C

    (Tax)

    Entry View

    BKPF / BSEG

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 11 Public

    Parallel Ledgers Operative postings updating all G/L ledgers

    Specifying a ledger group during document entry: Posting is done to specific ledgers

    Typical Transactions: Accrual, provision, foreign currency valuation

    Ledger A

    (IFRS)

    (leading ledger)

    Ledger B

    (Local GAAP)

    Ledger C

    (Tax)

    Entry View

    BKPF / BSEG

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 12 Public

    1. Same approach and valuation

    => One posting to common accounts or in all ledgers

    Example: Incoming invoice for external activities

    Expenses: Ext. Activities

    (1) 1000

    Payables

    1160 (1)

    Tax

    (1) 160 One common

    posting

    Approach and Valuation effect on number of postings Same approach and valuation

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 13 Public

    2. Same approach but different valuation

    => Separate postings to local and IFRS accounts or ledgers respectively

    Example: Depreciation or reserves for pensions

    Expenses: Pensions

    Local GAAP

    (2) 1000

    Expenses: Pensions

    IFRS

    (3) 500

    Accruals

    Local GAAP

    1000 (2)

    Accruals

    IFRS 500 (3)

    Two complete

    postings, made

    separately for

    each valuation

    Approach and Valuation effect on number of postings Same approach but different valuation

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 14 Public

    3. Different approaches

    => Only one posting to local or IFRS accounts or ledgers

    Examples: (1) Posting only relevant for IFRS: Financial Leasing

    (2) Posting only relevant for local GAAP: Provisions for expenses

    Financial Leasing

    Depreciation

    IFRS (1) 1000

    Financial Leasing

    IFRS

    1000 (1) Only one

    posting

    Expense

    Local GAAP

    (2) 2000

    Provision for Expenses

    Local GAAP

    2000 (2) Only one

    posting

    Approach and Valuation effect on number of postings Different approaches

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 15 Public

    Delta Postings or Complete Postings Example: Complete Posting

    FI-AA uses two depreciation areas:

    01 contains IFRS

    30 contains local valuation

    Scenario: Two valuation approaches with IFRS as leading approach

    For December 2013, the following depreciation is made:

    01 IFRS EUR 1000

    30 Local EUR 600

    With a complete posting, the postings appear as follows:

    Debit "IFRS Depreciation" 1000

    Credit "IFRS Value Adjustment" 1000

    Debit "Local Valuation: Depreciation" 600

    Credit "Local Valuation: Value Adjustment" 600

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 16 Public

    Delta Postings or Complete Postings Example: Delta Posting

    With delta postings, the following postings are made:

    Debit "IFRS Depreciation" 1000

    Credit "IFRS Value Adjustment" 1000

    Credit "Local Valuation: Depreciation" 400

    Debit "Local Valuation: Value Adjustment" 400

    In this case, the local posting corrects existing values.

    The delta posting is only meaningful in combination with the initial posting.

    Posting data cannot be traced without additional information.

    Should tax auditors also be able to see the IFRS values?

    The delta technique is not recommended and not well supported by automated procedures in SAP ERP.

  • Portrayal of Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP

    Components

    Financial Accounting

    Asset Accounting

    Controlling

    Material Management

    Others

    Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP 6.17

    Foreign Currency Valuation

    Translation

    Individual Value Adjustment

    Sorting Open Items

    Down Payments

    Provisions Created Automatically

    Provisions Created Manually

    Accruals/Deferrals

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 18 Public

    Foreign Currency Valuation (FAGL_FC_VALUATION)

    Receivables, Payables, foreign currency balance sheet accounts may be valuated

    differently on the basis of different accounting principles.

    Account approach

    A valuation area is assigned to certain target accounts that belong to the specific accounting principle.

    The valuation report (Classic G/L -> SAPF100, New G/L -> FAGL_FC_Valuation) has to be run for each valuation area.

    Ledger approach

    Determination of the ledger group using the assignment of the valuation area to an accounting principle that is assigned to a target ledger group.

    N:1 N:1

    Valuation area ----> Accounting principle ----> Ledger group

    The valuation report (FAGL_FC_Valuation) has to be run for each valuation area.

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 19 Public

    Foreign Currency Valuation in FI-CA

    In the FI-CA application component, open items that are posted in a foreign currency may

    be valuated using different accounting views.

    Account approach

    Customizing in FI-CA: Assignment of the adjustment accounts to a valuation area

    The valuation report has to be run for each valuation area.

    Ledger approach

    Customizing in FI-CA: Assignment of the adjustment accounts to a valuation area. N:1

    Valuation area ----> Ledger group

    The valuation report has to be run for each valuation area.

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 20 Public

    Flat-Rate Individual Value Adjustment (SAPF107)

    Receivables (where applicable, payables) can be valuated differently by number of days

    overdue and risk classes in accordance with different accounting principles.

    Account approach: Assignment of different accounts using valuation areas. Run Transaction F107 for each valuation area.

    Ledger approach: Assignment of ledger group using valuation areas N:1 N:1

    Valuation area ----> Accounting principle ----> Ledger group

    Run Transaction F107 for each valuation area.

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 21 Public

    Translation (FAGL_FC_TRANSLATION)

    Receivables/Payables

    FAS 52 requires that the valuation result in the functional currency be translated into the

    reporting currency.

    Account approach:

    Assignment of different accounts depending on the valuation area.

    The program is run for each valuation area.

    Ledger approach in new General Ledger Accounting:

    Assignment of valuation area to accounting principle to ledger group N:1 N:1

    Valuation area ----> Accounting principle ----> Ledger group

    The program is run for each valuation area.

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 22 Public

    Individual Value Adjustment of Receivables

    Receivables can be transferred as doubtful receivables (special G/L transaction).

    Transaction FAGLF101 in New G/L has to be run for each valuation area.

    In Classic G/L transaction F103 has to be run for each provision method.

    Account approach:

    The special G/L transaction represents a type of account approach.

    Ledger approach:

    Provision methods can be defined by valuation area. N:1 N:1

    Valuation area ----> Accounting principle ----> Ledger group

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 23 Public

    Parallel Accounting in FI - Sorting Open Items by Maturity

    Receivables (where applicable, payables) can be portrayed by remaining term on

    different balance sheet items in accordance with different accounting principles (transfer

    posting).

    Transaction FAGLF101 in New G/L has to be run for each valuation area.

    In Classic G/L transaction F101 has to be run for each valuation area.

    Account approach: Assignment of different accounts using valuation areas.

    Ledger approach Assignment of ledger group using valuation areas

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 24 Public

    Down Payments Received

    In the results analysis, different results analysis versions can be used to view down payments

    differently. For example, down payments that have already been received can be considered

    revenue in results analysis and thereby reduce the revenue in excess of billings. This is

    achieved in transaction OKG3 by setting the "Commitments" indicator (methods G-K).

    With the "G" indicator, two results analysis categories are calculated and updated: category

    ANKB (down payments reduce revenue in excess of billings) and category ANUS (down

    payment surplus). When down payments reduce revenue in excess of billings, the amount of

    the down payment cannot exceed the amount of revenue in excess of billings. The portion of the

    down payment amount exceeding the revenue in excess of billings is transferred as down

    payment surplus. In both cases, postings can be made to FI during the settlement of the

    order/project.

    Account approach: Assignment of different accounts in Posting rules in WIP Calculation and Results Analysis (OKG8)

    Ledger approach Assignment of accounting principle in Posting rules in WIP Calculation and Results Analysis (OKG8)

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 25 Public

    Provisions from Controlling

    For internal orders, sales orders, and projects carrying revenues, provisions can be created by means of results analysis or WIP calculation.

    Provisions are created for probable losses when the plan costs exceed the planned revenue. In the subsequent periods, these provisions are automatically used until the complete amount has been realized as a loss.

    Provisions are created for uncovered costs when the calculated cost of sales exceeds the actual costs (using results analysis) or when the credit amount exceeds the actual costs due to goods receipts (WIP calculation). In the subsequent periods, these provisions are automatically used whenever subsequent costs are incurred. The provisions are cancelled upon order completion.

    Provisions for complaints and commission are created on the basis of planned costs for specific cost elements. In the subsequent periods, these provisions are automatically used whenever costs are incurred for these cost elements.

    For all of these provisions, postings are created automatically in FI during settlement (managed in transaction OKG8). A results analysis version can be created for each accounting principle. In this way, the different results analysis versions can be used to create different amounts of provisions that can then be used or cancelled when the order attains different statuses.

    With IFRS, results analysis is also used to make revenue postings (revenues in excess of billings) automatically on the basis of the percentage of completion. If the revenues that are actually made exceed the revenues determined, the revenue surplus is calculated and transferred to FI as a provision.

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 26 Public

    Manual Accruals/Deferrals (Transaction ACACACT)

    Accruals and deferrals need to be allocated to the relevant periods. The use of parallel

    accounting may mean that different accrual/deferral postings need to be made, depending on

    the accounting principle.

    Account approach: Assignment of the accounts to a set of rules (such as accrual type)

    The program (periodic accrual run) is run for each accrual type.

    Ledger approach in new General Ledger Accounting: Assignment of the accrual method to the accounting principle (determination of the

    ledger group)

    The program is run for each accounting principle.

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 27 Public

    Doubtful Receivables (SAPF103 and SAPF104 or FAGL_DR_PROVISION (New G/L with EhP3)

    Receivables sometimes need to be portrayed as doubtful receivables. SAPF103 selects the

    overdue receivables and posts them as doubtful receivables across multiple ledgers (special

    G/L transaction). SAPF104 or FAGL_DR_PROVISION (which replaces SAPF104 in New G/L

    Accounting with EHP3) creates postings for doubtful receivables on provision accounts.

    SAPF104 (account approach only) Customizing: Assignment of accounts to transaction key (KTOSL)

    The program is run for each provision method (period selection).

    FAGL_DR_PROVISION Account approach

    Assignment of account to provision method

    The program is run for each valuation area and provision method.

    Ledger approach

    Assignment of accounts to valuation area and provision method

    The program is run for each valuation area and provision method.

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 28 Public

    Provisions (Manual Posting in Financial Accounting)

    It may be necessary for specific transactions (such as legal costs or acquisition

    costs) to be posted as provisions.

    Account approach:

    Manual posting of provision amounts on different provision accounts

    Ledger approach in new General Ledger Accounting:

    With ERP 6.0 EHP3, manual processing of provisions (that is, manual posting and

    clearing) for each ledger (only G/L accounts)

  • Portrayal of Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP

    Components

    Financial Accounting

    Asset Accounting

    Controlling

    Material Management

    Others

    Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP 6.17

    Depreciation Areas

    Valuation Decisions

    G/L Integration

    CO Integration

    Fiscal Year Variants

    Processes:

    - Asset Aquisition with

    valuation differences

    - Depreciation

    - Integrated Asset

    Retirement

    - Assets under Construction

    - Low Value Assets

    SAP ERP 5.00 ff.

    SAP ERP 6.17 FI-AA (new)

    Smart Financials

    under covering

  • Portrayal of Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP

    Components

    Financial Accounting

    Asset Accounting

    Controlling

    Material Management

    Others

    Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP 6.17

    Activation of Costs:

    Percentage of Completion / Revenue in excess of billings

    vs.

    Completed Contract Work in Progress (WIP)

    Parallel Valuation of Costs of Goods Manufactured (COGM)

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 31 Public

    Parallel Accounting in Controlling One version of truth in CO - Parallel Valuation via CO closing processes

    Usually only the leading ledger representing group accounting integrates with CO. Thereby a consistent set of data all over the group for accounting and management

    reporting purposes is ensured with the following benefits:

    Data for controlling is derived from internationally comparable numbers which are unique within the group.

    Internationally comparable numbers are represented by the leading ledger.

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 32 Public

    Cost Accounting: Value Flow

    Payroll

    Period End Closing / Settlement / ML valuation run:

    - Collection of primary and secondary costs by object

    - Specification of amount of costs to be activated in B/S (such as WIP)

    Time

    sheet FI Logistics

    Cost Object Accounting

    Cost Element Accounting

    Cost Center Accounting

    Costs for services

    Material costs

    Personnel costs

    Str

    uctu

    rin

    g b

    y

    Co

    st E

    lem

    en

    t

    Structuring costs by

    Functional Area

    Co

    st C

    en

    ter A

    Co

    st C

    en

    ter B

    ..

    Balance Sheet (B/S) parallel valuation via

    WIP multiple results analysis versions

    Stocks material ledger: Valuation run / AVR

    Assets under Construction multiple capitalization versions

    Income Statement (P&L)

    Revenue in excess of billings results analysis versions

    Cost of Goods Sold (CoGS) results analysis versions

    FI-AA (depreciation)

    IF

    RS

    Lo

    ca

    l G

    AA

    P

    Tax

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 33 Public

    Parallel Accounting in Controlling Necessity of parallel accounting in CO

    Usually only the leading ledger shall post to CO to have a consistent set of data all over the group for accounting and management reporting purposes.

    Data for controlling should be derived from international comparable numbers within the group.

    Usually the internationally comparable numbers are represented by the leading ledger.

    But there are some countries that require actual costs based on their country specific law.

    Brazil Russia Turkey

    Also one industry specific regulation in USA is requiring actual costs FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 34 Public

    Parallel Accounting in Controlling Parallel Valuation of Costs of Goods Manufactured (CoGM)

    Different depreciation values (according to two different accounting principles) can be transferred into Cost Center Accounting.

    The depreciation costs can be included in the activity rates for the work performed and in the costs of goods manufactured, both of which are calculated at period close.

    Ledger groups / accounts in FI-GL with inventory values calculated according to two different valuation methods, can be updated. For example,

    CO Version 0 represents the leading valuation (IFRS) Actual costs are calculated using the periodic costing run and update inventory values in the leading ledger in FI-

    GL.

    Second CO Version represents the local valuation (GAAP), Actual costs are calculated using an alternative valuation run and update inventory values in the local

    ledger in FI-GL.

    .

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 35 Public

    Parallel Accounting in Controlling Parallel Valuation of Costs of Goods Manufactured (CoGM)

    If your leading valuation is based on standard costs and your local valuation based on actual

    costs then

    CO Version 0 represents the leading valuation (IFRS) and is used to determine the standard costs.

    The second CO Version represents the local valuation (GAAP). Here you can use the periodic costing run to update the inventory values in the local ledger in FI-GL.

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 36 Public

    Cost Accounting with parallel valuation of COGM: Value Flow

    Period End Closing / Settlement / ML valuation run:

    - Collection of primary and secondary costs by object

    - Specification of amount of costs to be activated in B/S (such as WIP)

    Cost Object Accounting

    Cost Element Accounting

    Cost Center Accounting

    Structuring costs by

    Type (Cost Element)

    Valuation (Version)

    Functional Area

    Organization (Cost Center

    Balance Sheet (B/S) parallel valuation via

    WIP multiple results analysis versions

    Stocks material ledger: Valuation run / AVR

    Assets under Construction multiple capitalization versions

    Income Statement (P&L)

    Revenue in excess of billings results analysis versions

    Cost of Goods Sold (CoGS) results analysis versions

    IF

    RS

    Lo

    ca

    l G

    AA

    P

    Tax

    FI-AA (perform depreciation run) FI

    Ldg-Grp

    0L IFRS)

    Ldg-Grp N

    (LGAAP)) Ldg-Grp

    0L IFRS)

    Ldg-Grp N

    (LGAAP))

    Version 0

    (legal Valuation)

    Version N

    (parallel

    COGM)

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 37 Public

    Parallel Accounting in Controlling Value Flow for Parallel Valuation of CoGM

    Controlling Update of Depreciation Expenses by Cost

    Center and Version

    Actual Costing Periodic Costing Run

    Updates either leading valuation or local valuation*

    Version 0

    (legal)

    (Actual rate)

    Version N

    (par. COGM) (Actual rate)

    Actual Costing Alternative Valuation Run

    Updates local valuation if both valuations use actual costs*

    Depreciation Area 01

    (IFRS)

    Asset Accounting Perform Depreciation Run

    Version 0

    (legal valuation)

    Ledger 0L

    (IFRS)

    Version N

    Depreciation Area 02

    (Local GAAP)

    Ledger N

    (Local GAAP)

    (parallel COGM)

    Version N

    (par. COGM)

    (Actual rate)

    Controlling Direct Activity Allocation at

    standard; Actual Rate

    Calculated at Period Close

    Version 0

    (legal)

    (Actual rate)

    Version 0

    (legal)

    (Standard rate)

    Version N

    (par. COGM)

    (Actual rate) OR

    X

    X

    Y

    Y

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 38 Public

    Business Requirement: Parallel reporting according to multiple accounting principles to reflect results of

    different depreciation rules and for activation of costs in inventory and valuation of cost of goods sold

    Solution: Post depreciation to cost centers into parallel actual versions in CO, calculate actual activity rates

    based on depreciation, calculate parallel actual material prices in material ledger and revaluate inventory

    and costs of goods sold.

    Allows global manufacturing organizations to set activity

    prices that take account of depreciation according to IFRS

    and local GAAP

    In previous releases, only the values in the leading ledger

    were transferred to controlling. Other values were

    unavailable for controlling and therefore could not be used

    to determine activity prices and update inventory values

    for the goods manufactured.

    Customer business challenges Business value

    Asset Accountant Financial Accountant Controller

    Post

    depreciation to

    cost centers

    Post manual

    adjustments to

    cost centers

    Calculate

    actual activity

    rates

    Calculate actual

    material prices/

    revalue CoGS

    Controller

    Post depreciation in parallel valuation

    areas to different versions in CO.

    In CO parallel actual versions can be defined for up to 3 parallel valuations (valuations 5, 6 and 7).

    Operational postings are posted to all valuations

    Some closing activities can post to a specific valuation

    Parallel actual valuations can be assigned to a valuation area of a valuation plan in asset accounting

    Depreciation is posted by depreciation run to cost centers with parallel values from parallel valuation areas.

    Parallel Accounting in Controlling Parallel Valuation of Costs of Goods Manufactured (CoGM)

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 39 Public

    Business Requirement: Parallel reporting according to multiple accounting principles to reflect results of

    different depreciation rules and for activation of costs in inventory and valuation of cost of goods sold

    Solution: Post depreciation to cost centers into parallel actual versions in CO, calculate actual activity rates

    based on depreciation, calculate parallel actual material prices in material ledger and revaluate inventory

    and costs of goods sold.

    Allows global manufacturing organizations to set activity

    prices that take account of depreciation according to IFRS

    and local GAAP

    In previous releases, only the values in the leading ledger

    were transferred to controlling. Other values were

    unavailable for controlling and therefore could not be used

    to determine activity prices and update inventory values

    for the goods manufactured.

    Customer business challenges Business value

    Asset Accountant Financial Accountant Controller

    Post

    depreciation to

    cost centers

    Post manual

    adjustments to

    cost centers

    Calculate

    actual activity

    rates

    Calculate actual

    material prices/

    revalue CoGS

    Controller

    Post other valuation differences manually to cost center

    in parallel actual versions only for parallel ledgers, not available for multiple account approach

    Ledger group specific postings (transaction FB50L) can be used to post other costs with valuation differences to cost

    centers

    Ledger group is assigned to accounting principle

    Accounting principle is assigned to CO valuation

    Only postings to cost centers as account assignment are allowed in ledger specific postings to parallel CO valuations

    Parallel Accounting in Controlling Parallel Valuation of Costs of Goods Manufactured (CoGM)

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 40 Public

    Business Requirement: Parallel reporting according to multiple accounting principles to reflect results of

    different depreciation rules and for activation of costs in inventory and valuation of cost of goods sold

    Solution: Post depreciation to cost centers into parallel actual versions in CO, calculate actual activity rates

    based on depreciation, calculate parallel actual material prices in material ledger and revaluate inventory

    and costs of goods sold.

    Allows global manufacturing organizations to set activity

    prices that take account of depreciation according to IFRS

    and local GAAP

    In previous releases, only the values in the leading ledger

    were transferred to controlling. Other values were

    unavailable for controlling and therefore could not be used

    to determine activity prices and update inventory values

    for the goods manufactured.

    Customer business challenges Business value

    Asset Accountant Financial Accountant Controller

    Post

    depreciation to

    cost centers

    Post manual

    adjustments to

    cost centers

    Calculate

    actual activity

    rates

    Calculate actual

    material prices/

    revalue CoGS

    Controller

    Calculate actual activity rates

    and revaluate activity allocations for the paralle versions where needed

    Actual activity rates are calculated for the leading version 0 and all parallel actual valuations in CO.

    Different costs posted to cost centers in parallel CO valuations will result in different actual activity prices.

    Revaluation of activity allocations from other cost centers can be activated by actual version in CO (e.g. valuation at

    standard costs in version 0 vs. actual costs in parallel

    version)

    Only by actual activity rates the differences in costs on the cost centers can flow into inventory and cost of goods.

    Parallel Accounting in Controlling Parallel Valuation of Costs of Goods Manufactured (CoGM)

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 41 Public

    Business Requirement: Parallel reporting according to multiple accounting principles to reflect results of

    different depreciation rules and for activation of costs in inventory and valuation of cost of goods sold

    Solution: Post depreciation to cost centers into parallel actual versions in CO, calculate actual activity rates

    based on depreciation, calculate parallel actual material prices in material ledger and revaluate inventory

    and costs of goods sold.

    Allows global manufacturing organizations to set activity

    prices that take account of depreciation according to IFRS

    and local GAAP

    In previous releases, only the values in the leading ledger

    were transferred to controlling. Other values were

    unavailable for controlling and therefore could not be used

    to determine activity prices and update inventory values

    for the goods manufactured.

    Customer business challenges Business value

    Asset Accountant Financial Accountant Controller

    Post

    depreciation to

    cost centers

    Post manual

    adjustments to

    cost centers

    Calculate

    actual activity

    rates

    Calculate actual

    material prices/

    revalue CoGS

    Controller

    Calculate multi-level actual material prices

    in Material Ledger and revaluate inventory and cost of goods sold

    Calculation can be performed using the periodic costing run for the leading version 0, or if version 0 is used for reporting

    at standard prices for one of the parallel actual versions.

    If periodic costing run is used for version 0, parallel actual versions can be calculated with alternative valuation runs.

    Actual activity rates from version are assigned to the costing runs. Cost centers are credited with the closing posting

    Revaluation of Inventory and CoGS are posted to assigned ledgers/accounts the original CO object only in version 0.

    Parallel Accounting in Controlling Parallel Valuation of Costs of Goods Manufactured (CoGM)

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    Parallel Accounting in Controlling Value Flow for Parallel Valuation of CoGM

    Controlling Update of Depreciation Expenses by Cost

    Center and Version

    Actual Costing Periodic Costing Run

    Updates either leading valuation or local valuation*

    Version 0

    (legal)

    (Actual rate)

    Version N

    (par. COGM) (Actual rate)

    Actual Costing Alternative Valuation Run

    Updates local valuation if both valuations use actual costs*

    Depreciation Area 01

    (IFRS)

    Asset Accounting Perform Depreciation Run

    Version 0

    (legal valuation)

    Ledger 0L

    (IFRS)

    Version N

    Depreciation Area 02

    (Local GAAP)

    Ledger N

    (Local GAAP)

    (parallel COGM)

    Version N

    (par. COGM)

    (Actual rate)

    Controlling Direct Activity Allocation at

    standard; Actual Rate

    Calculated at Period Close

    Version 0

    (legal)

    (Actual rate)

    Version 0

    (legal)

    (Standard rate)

    Version N

    (par. COGM)

    (Actual rate) OR

    X

    X

    Y

    Y

  • Portrayal of Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP

    Components

    Financial Accounting

    Asset Accounting

    Controlling

    Material Management

    Others

    Parallel Accounting in SAP ERP 6.17

    Parallel Valuation of stock for different consumption sequence

    assumptions (LIFO, FIFO)

    Revaluation of stock, COGS and WIP via Material Ledger

    Value Flow in CO and Activation of Costs:

    PoC: Revenue in excess of billings

    Completed Contract: Work in Progress (WIP)

    Valuated Stock

    Assets under Construction

    Parallel Valuation of Costs of Goods Manufactured (COGM)

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    Parallel Accounting in Material Management

    Externally purchased goods

    Parallel accounting is possible in the Materials Management (MM) application component.

    Operational stock valuation in MM is done either based on standard price or on moving average price.

    Parallel valuation is important on balance sheet date. On balance sheet date operational valuation has to be corrected.

    Stocks have to be valuated based on a consumption sequence like FIFO valuation (first in, first out), lowest value principle or LIFO valuation (last in, first out) according to the

    accounting principle.

    This valuation is transferred from MM to FI

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    Parallel Accounting in Material Management Externally purchased goods

    Balance Sheet valuation is done by transaction MRN9.

    For balance sheet valuation correction technique is used. Corrections are stored to

    valuation correction accounts.

    Account Solution Customizing: Valuation correction Accounts have to be assigned to a account

    modification

    Adequate account modification has to be selected for MRN9 Ledger Solution

    Customizing: Ledger groups have to be assigned to accounting principle Valuation correction Accounts have to be assigned to a account

    modification

    For each Valuation Run the necessary accounting principle has to be selected

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    Parallel Accounting in Material Ledger (actual costing)

    In case that Material Ledger is activated a periodic unit price is calculated using the value

    flows for the period. (Operational stock valuation with standard price)

    Periodic actual costing run determines single and multilevel costs of all goods for each period performs revaluation of stock, costs of goods sold and WIP at actual price

    according to the leading accounting principle.

    Alternative valuation runs are used to perform revaluation of stock, costs of good sold and WIP according to non-leading accounting principles using alternative activity rates

    and / or alternative material prices.

  • 2014 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 47 Public

    Parallel Accounting in Material Ledger (actual costing)

    For balance sheet valuation based on actual costs basically the non leading valuation is

    done be alternative valuation run (AVR) .

    Account Solution Customizing: Valuation correction Accounts have to be assigned to a account

    modification

    Classic AVR is used to do the necessary delta postings COGM AVR can also be used with adequate BADI (Full Postings)

    Ledger Solution Customizing: Ledger groups have to be assigned to accounting principle

    For classic AVR Valuation correction Accounts have to be assigned to

    a account modification

    For COGM AVR only the ledger group has to be assigned to an

    accounting principle

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