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25 3 Animals, tested without cues for 3 days, were shut up for 20 sec on the way to the goal in each trial on the 4th day. The changes in the intra-maze cues did not affect the number of errors. Errors were increased when the maze was turned 90" and when the animals were shut up during the test. These results suggest that extra-maze cues may be involved in BM learning and that interference during the test affects the rat's performance thereafter. Papers Read hy Title IbURUHARA, T., T. YAMAIRI, Y. OHSASA, Y. HASE, S. KUSUDA a n d T. OURA, Children's Medical Center of Osaka City, Osaka Municipal Rehabilitation Center, Osaka. Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due t o 21-hydroxylase deficiency in Osaka City. Tngenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21- hydroxylase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease, and incidence of this disorder is relatively high among congenital metabolic diseases. Even though patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia show specific signs and symptoms, the diagnosis of the disorder is not easy during early neonatal period. Without proper treatment, this disorder is sometimes l i f e threatening. On the other hand, the assay system of 17 OH- progesterone, elevation of which in blood is diagnostic for the disorder, in dried blood spot was developed recently. Thus neonatal screening for the disorder was first started in Alaska using radioimmunoassay for 17 OH- progesterone in dried blood spot and then several regional pilot screening programs were started in Japan using enzyme linked immuno- sorbent assay. In Osaka City the pilot study of screening was started in 1987, Since then almost seventy thousand newborns were examined, and four patients were detected. The incidence of the disorder in Osaka City was estimated at about 1:17,000 live births for homozygous patients, and 1:65 for heterozygous subjects. These results proved the high efficiency of neonatal screening for this disorder. The 8th Behavioral Teratology Meeting July 15, 1989, 10:20 a.m. - 6:50 p.m. 1. Educational Lecture: Hyperactive children: Organic and psychogenic theories. TOTSUKA, S. (Yamagata University). 2. Lecture by President: The current status of studies on behavioral teratology. TANIMURA, T. (Kinki University). 3. Workshops in Methods of Behavioral Teratology: 3-A. Developmental behavior: Methodological problems in developmental behavior testing. ANDO, M. (Shionogi & Co. Ltd.), KAI, S. ( B r i s t o l - M y e r s Co.), WATANABE, K. (Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.), YAONO, M. (Morishita Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and IMADO, N. (Tanabe Seiyaku Co.). 3-B. Emotional behavior and spontaneous movement: (a) Discussions for emotional behavior testing. TAMAKI, Y. (Shinshu University) and IHARA, T. (Takeda Chemical Industry Ltd.). (b) Reports of the studies on spontaneous movement and motor coordination. GOTO, M. (Eisai Co., Ltd.), KOMATSU, T. (Banyu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.), MATSUHASHI, K. (Daiichi Seiyaku Co. Ltd.) a n d HASHIMOTO, Y. (Food and Drug Safety Center). 3-C. Learning behavior: (a) Reports on the collaborative studies. AKAIKE, M. (Hoechst Japan Ltd.) and IWASE, T. (Mitsubishi Kasei Co.). (b) Educational lecture. IWASAKI, T. (Tsukuba University). (c) Discussion and proposals for the learning behavior testing. MISAWA, N. (Lederle (Japan), Ltd.), HANDA, J. (Nippon Kayaku Co. Ltd.) a n d UCHIDA, H. (Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. 4. Summary of the Section Meetings: INOMATA, Ltd.). N. (Lederle (Japan), Ltd.). TOTSUKA, S., Department of Neuro-psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata. Hyperactive children: Organic and psychogenic t heories. Hyperactive children appear unsettled, lack concentration and attention, and display im- pulsive and aggressive behavior. Their motor activity is clumsy, making fine handiwork difficult. Since coordination is also dis- turbed with soft neurological signs, organic brain damage has been postulated, and this disorder has been called minimal brain dys- f u n c t i o n (MBD). According to the diag-nostic criteria f r o m DSM-111, this disorder is called an attention deficit disorder (ADD). I n many cases, the maternal and gestational history is significant, especially diseases, drug use, perinatal complications and early postnatal trauma. There are, however, cases in which no underlying perinatal or postnatal

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25 3

Animal s , t e s t e d w i t h o u t c u e s f o r 3 d a y s , were s h u t u p f o r 2 0 s e c o n t h e way t o t h e g o a l i n e a c h t r i a l on t h e 4 t h day.

The changes i n t h e i n t r a - m a z e c u e s d i d n o t a f f e c t t h e n u m b e r o f e r r o r s . E r r o r s were i n c r e a s e d when t h e maze was t u r n e d 90" a n d when t h e a n i m a l s were s h u t up d u r i n g t h e test. These r e s u l t s s u g g e s t t h a t ex t r a -maze c u e s may b e i n v o l v e d i n BM l e a r n i n g a n d t h a t i n t e r f e r e n c e d u r i n g t h e t es t a f f e c t s t h e ra t ' s pe r fo rmance t h e r e a f t e r .

Papers Read hy Title

IbURUHARA, T., T. Y A M A I R I , Y. OHSASA, Y. HASE, S. KUSUDA a n d T. OURA, C h i l d r e n ' s M e d i c a l C e n t e r o f O s a k a C i t y , O s a k a M u n i c i p a l R e h a b i l i t a t i o n C e n t e r , O s a k a . N e o n a t a l s c r e e n i n g f o r c o n g e n i t a l a d r e n a l h y p e r p l a s i a d u e t o 2 1 - h y d r o x y l a s e d e f i c i e n c y i n O s a k a C i t y . T n g e n i t a l a d r e n a l h y p e r p l a s i a d u e t o 21- h y d r o x y l a s e d e f i c i e n c y i s a n a u t o s o m a l r e c e s s i v e d i s e a s e , a n d i n c i d e n c e o f t h i s d i s o r d e r i s r e l a t i v e l y h i g h among c o n g e n i t a l m e t a b o l i c d i s e a s e s . Even though p a t i e n t s w i t h c o n g e n i t a l a d r e n a l h y p e r p l a s i a show s p e c i f i c s i g n s a n d s y m p t o m s , t h e d i a g n o s i s o f t h e d i s o r d e r i s n o t e a s y d u r i n g e a r l y n e o n a t a l p e r i o d . W i t h o u t p r o p e r t r e a t m e n t , t h i s d i s o r d e r i s s o m e t i m e s l i f e t h r e a t e n i n g . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e a s s a y s y s t e m o f 1 7 OH- p r o g e s t e r o n e , e l e v a t i o n o f w h i c h i n b l o o d i s d i a g n o s t i c f o r t h e d i s o r d e r , i n d r i e d b l o o d s p o t was d e v e l o p e d r e c e n t l y . T h u s n e o n a t a l s c r e e n i n g f o r t h e d i s o r d e r w a s f i r s t s t a r t e d i n A l a s k a u s i n g r a d i o i m m u n o a s s a y f o r 1 7 OH- p r o g e s t e r o n e i n d r i e d b l o o d s p o t a n d t h e n s e v e r a l r e g i o n a l p i l o t s c r e e n i n g p rograms were s t a r t e d i n Japan u s i n g enzyme l i n k e d immuno- s o r b e n t a s say . I n Osaka C i t y t h e p i l o t s t u d y o f s c r e e n i n g was s t a r t e d i n 1987, S i n c e t h e n a l m o s t s e v e n t y t h o u s a n d n e w b o r n s were e x a m i n e d , a n d f o u r p a t i e n t s w e r e d e t e c t e d . T h e i n c i d e n c e o f t h e d i s o r d e r i n O s a k a C i t y was e s t i m a t e d a t a b o u t 1 : 1 7 , 0 0 0 l i v e b i r t h s f o r h o m o z y g o u s p a t i e n t s , a n d 1 : 6 5 f o r h e t e r o z y g o u s s u b j e c t s . T h e s e r e s u l t s proved t h e h i g h e f f i c i e n c y o f n e o n a t a l s c r e e n i n g f o r t h i s d i s o r d e r .

The 8 t h B e h a v i o r a l T e r a t o l o g y Mee t ing J u l y 15, 1989, 10:20 a.m. - 6 : 5 0 p.m.

1. E d u c a t i o n a l Lec tu re : H y p e r a c t i v e c h i l d r e n : Organ ic and psychogen ic t h e o r i e s . TOTSUKA, S . ( Y a m a g a t a U n i v e r s i t y ) .

2 . L e c t u r e by P r e s i d e n t : The c u r r e n t s t a t u s o f s t u d i e s o n b e h a v i o r a l t e r a t o l o g y . TANIMURA, T. (Kinki U n i v e r s i t y ) .

3 . W o r k s h o p s i n M e t h o d s o f B e h a v i o r a l T e r a t o l o g y :

3-A. D e v e l o p m e n t a l b e h a v i o r : M e t h o d o l o g i c a l p rob lems i n deve lopmen ta l b e h a v i o r t e s t i n g . A N D O , M. ( S h i o n o g i & Co. L t d . ) , K A I , S. ( B r i s t o l - M y e r s Co.), WATANABE, K. ( C h u g a i P h a r m a c e u t i c a l Co. L t d . ) , YAONO, M . ( M o r i s h i t a P h a r m a c e u t i c a l Co., L t d . ) a n d I M A D O , N. ( T a n a b e S e i y a k u Co.).

3-B. E m o t i o n a l b e h a v i o r a n d s p o n t a n e o u s movemen t : ( a ) D i s c u s s i o n s f o r e m o t i o n a l b e h a v i o r t e s t i n g . TAMAKI, Y. ( S h i n s h u U n i v e r s i t y ) and I H A R A , T. (Takeda Chemica l I n d u s t r y Ltd.). (b) R e p o r t s o f t h e s t u d i e s o n s p o n t a n e o u s m o v e m e n t a n d m o t o r c o o r d i n a t i o n . GOTO, M. ( E i s a i Co., L td . ) , KOMATSU, T. ( B a n y u P h a r m a c e u t i c a l Co. L td . ) , MATSUHASHI, K. ( D a i i c h i S e i y a k u Co. Ltd.) a n d HASHIMOTO, Y. (Food a n d Drug S a f e t y C e n t e r ) .

3-C. L e a r n i n g b e h a v i o r : ( a ) R e p o r t s o n t h e c o l l a b o r a t i v e s t u d i e s . AKAIKE, M. (Hoechst J a p a n Ltd.) and IWASE, T. ( M i t s u b i s h i Kasei Co.). ( b ) E d u c a t i o n a l l e c t u r e . IWASAKI, T. ( T s u k u b a U n i v e r s i t y ) . ( c ) D i s c u s s i o n a n d p r o p o s a l s f o r t h e l e a r n i n g b e h a v i o r t e s t i n g . MISAWA, N. ( L e d e r l e ( J a p a n ) , L t d . ) , H A N D A , J. (Nippon Kayaku Co. L td . ) a n d UCHIDA, H. ( T a i s h o P h a r m a c e u t i c a l Co.

4 . Summary o f t h e S e c t i o n Mee t ings : INOMATA, L t d . ) .

N. ( L e d e r l e ( J a p a n ) , Ltd.) .

TOTSUKA, S., D e p a r t m e n t o f N e u r o - p s y c h i a t r y , Y a m a g a t a U n i v e r s i t y S c h o o l o f M e d i c i n e , Yamagata. Hyperac t ive c h i l d r e n : O r g a n i c and psychogen ic t h e o r i e s .

H y p e r a c t i v e c h i l d r e n a p p e a r u n s e t t l e d , l a c k c o n c e n t r a t i o n and a t t e n t i o n , a n d d i s p l a y i m - p u l s i v e and a g g r e s s i v e behav io r . T h e i r mo to r a c t i v i t y i s c l u m s y , m a k i n g f i n e h a n d i w o r k d i f f i c u l t . S i n c e c o o r d i n a t i o n i s a l s o d i s - t u r b e d w i t h s o f t n e u r o l o g i c a l s i g n s , o r g a n i c b r a i n d a m a g e h a s b e e n p o s t u l a t e d , a n d t h i s d i s o r d e r h a s b e e n c a l l e d m i n i m a l b r a i n d y s - f u n c t i o n (MBD). According t o t h e d i a g - n o s t i c c r i te r ia f rom DSM-111, t h i s d i s o r d e r i s c a l l e d an a t t e n t i o n d e f i c i t d i s o r d e r (ADD).

I n many cases, t h e m a t e r n a l and g e s t a t i o n a l h i s t o r y i s s i g n i f i c a n t , e s p e c i a l l y d i s e a s e s , d r u g u s e , p e r i n a t a l c o m p l i c a t i o n s a n d e a r l y p o s t n a t a l t r a u m a . T h e r e a re , h o w e v e r , cases i n wh ich no u n d e r l y i n g p e r i n a t a l or p o s t n a t a l

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