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Despite Tightening Up Of Society, Iranian Art Sees A BoomBy Kristin Deasy, Han-nah Kaviani, RFE/RL

The Persian word for love is spelled out in Swarovski crystals and glitter, with a small footnote from the artist: A picture is worth a thousand words and a word a thousand pictures. The estimate wasnt high enough. When the acrylic painting on canvas sold at Bonhams in Dubai two years ago for a historic $1,048,000, the Iranian creator Farhad Moshiri became the first artist from the region to break the $1 million price barrier at auction. It was a breakthrough moment -- not just for Moshiri -- but for Iranian art, which for the last few years has been going through what experts say is a golden age. Largely attributed to the stabilization of the Dubai art market and strong ties between the United Arab Emirates and Iran, the boom is also being fuelled by a younger generation of artists attempting to push the boundaries of freedom of expression. Lebanese-Iranian Rose Issa, a gallery owner and art dealer, has spent the last 30 years championing artists from Iran and the Arab world. These days, she says, theres a real buzz in Tehran. The mass demonstrations that broke out following the disputed reelection of Mahmud Ahmadinejad last June are related to a growing demand for self-expression among Iranians, Issa says. She says it is no coincidence that since the protests, many new galleries have opened in Tehran, calling them even trendier and more luxurious than before. These galleries, she says, have started publishing catalogues, something she hasnt seen for decades.For Iranian artists, the growth of the Dubai art market over the last five years has been a boon. Iranian artists working inside the country now have the ability to network, exhibit, and sell their works in a fine-art market much closer to home. As a result, they have seen the value of their works steadily appreciate. Sales of Arab and Iranian art in Dubai increased from $2 million in 2006 to $35.7 million in 2008. Iranian artists now represent 74 percent of sales of artwork in Christies Modern and Contemporary Arab and Iranian auctions and 64 percent of sales at Bonhams. Edward Lucie-Smith, a curator of Middle Eastern art (in which category Iran is often mistakenly placed), writes in an e-mail interview that currently Iran boasts more artists, bigger talents, many [of them] still firmly rooted in Tehran despite the current political situation. Dubais high prices for contemporary Iranian art obviously find an echo in Europe, Lucie-Smith writes, not least because collectors feel that there is now an established market if they need to sell, but also because Iran has the richest contemporary visual-arts culture in the region. Forty-six new galleries have opened in Iran over the last two years -- 26 of them in Tehran, says Mahmud Shaloie, the director of the office of visual arts for the Ministry of Culture

and Islamic Guidance. There are about 300 art galleries in all of Iran.

Postwar Generation

Some of the artists now achieving success are part of Irans burgeoning younger generation born after the countrys 1979 Islamic Revolution. Many of these young artists came of age under the 1997-2005 presidency of Mohammad Khatami, a relatively moderate leader who allowed greater freedom of expression and promoted cultural and artistic dialogue between Iran and the West.Hamid Dabashi, a culture critic and award-winning author who was born in Iran, says the young generation of artists is bringing something new to the contemporary art scene. The impact of the revolution, eight years of war, and the subsequent theocracy is the political and social context in which the current generation of Iranian artists define their own particular mode of artistic expression, Dabashi explains. Compared with the previous generation of Iranian artists, the works coming out of Tehran today have aspirations, they have frivolity, playfulness, he says. And he also sees a new trend in their work: disillusionment with ideology. Ideology is no longer as valid, significant, as it used to be, he says. Among young Iranians, ideological differences have come to a dead end. The recent boom is also providing Iranian artists who gained notoriety in the 1960s or 1970s, in the years that Iran first opened up to the international art scene, with something of a renaissance. Finally, Issa says, credit is being due to people like [Mohammed] Ehsai, like Monir Farmanfarmaian, who is now in her mid-80s and yet is [still] doing fantastic work that

she was doing in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Issa calls Farmanfarmaian the Louise Bourgeois of the Mideast. Or 73-year-old sculptor Parviz Tanavoli, who made a record-breaking Dubai auction debut in 2008 with the $2.8 million sale of The Wall (Oh Persepolis) at Christies. There is also renewed interest in 69-year-old Tehran-born abstract expressionist Kamran Katouzian, some of whose paintings are in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. The Iranian artists of this generation remember the 1977 founding of the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art at the initiative of the last empress of Iran, Farah Diba Pahlavi. The museum houses valuable collections of post-Impressionist, and modern and contemporary art -- some of the finest outside the West.In 1979, two years after the museum opened, Irans newly installed Islamic leaders said the works of art symbolized the shahs obsession with the West. The collection has since been opened only rarely to the public. (Watch a rare tour.)

During the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s, most galleries and museums closed in Tehran. The art scene turned its attention to survival, Issa says, but the years following the war were highly productive for documentary arts. The film industry moved forward, the photographers moved forward, she adds, explaining that the emphasis was on loss: Eight years of war cost the country at least 300,000 lives and left some 500,000 injured. By the mid-1990s, the art scene in Iran was slowly opening up, helped along by a more moderate cultural policy on the part of the government. In 1991, Iran held its first painting biennale since the revolution. Galleries reopened and started holding exhibitions, the private sector started to invest, and artists started to form unions. The Iranian Graphic Designers Society first formed in 1997, and is now known as one of the largest in the region.

Political Dilemma

Life in Iran today is much harder on artists. The

government responded to the demonstrations last June with a severe crackdown, and artistic activity is now closely monitored. The combination of an artistic boom and renewed government interest in the art scene has brought new dilemmas. S.M. is a young artist living in Tehran whose work is frequently exhibited in the city as well as galleries in Europe. (Because her artistic credentials inside Iran prevent her from using her real name, she asked to be referred to by the pseudonym S.M.) She says many artists in Tehran face hard choices over the best way to remain true to their work, seek international recognition, while still being welcome in Iran.The question becomes whether I should do some very simple works -- ones that are not socially or politically provocative -- and have the advantage of being able to come home to my country, she says, or do the works that I want, deeply, to do myself, but be unable to come back home.

Iranian artists who have produced more socially or politically provocative works while living inside the country face a host of problems. Many are unable to show their work, and some are harassed or even imprisoned. Others resort to smuggling pieces across the border in order to exhibit them in the West. The authorities typically ban works on subjects the Islamic republic finds offensive -- anything from showing kissing or nudity to works treating Islam, or the politics of the Islamic republic, in a critical manner. Despite the restrictions, artists continue producing such work. Often, a gallery will exhibit an artists moderate works and will keep the more controversial pieces out of sight, to be discreetly shown to interested buyers and collectors.One prominent Tehran-based artist, who has been politically active since Junes disputed election and who wishes to remain anonymous, says that he perceives art as a form of resistance. Now, he says, artists like him are back to work, holding private gatherings to see what we can achieve [in the country] through art, since it is a medium that can suggest and point to overlooked sociopolitical issues. He says every time he organizes an exhibition in Tehran, it is closed down or some pieces are removed by the government. But some art critics say artists are producing overtly political works in order to take advantage of the international attention focused on Iran following its internal turmoil last summer. Culture critic Dabashi warns that Western observers risk overly politicizing or anthropologizing the work of Iranian artists. He says their work is being taken as an indication of social, political, or ideological aspects. It is not that their art does not represent those aspects -- it does -- but not, theres a difference between a work of art and a political manifesto, he says.Nasim Manuchehrabadi, a young Iranian artist now working in Berlin, says the fact that Im Iranian makes her works political, whether I like it, or not. She thinks the work of the younger generation reflects the difficulties they face in Iranian society, as modern ideals face off with conservative values promoted by the Islamic government.Irans 2,500 years of artistic history does influence her work, Manuchehrabadi says, but its not only [traditional Persian paintings of] flowers that weve grown up with, its also the fact that we are the MTV generation.


LOCAL NEWSCANADA, BC, VANCOUVER

Is Hijab Crackdown To Divert Attention From Election Anniversary?

ran has launched a new drive to enforce the obligatory Islamic hijab. Hijab and women who are considered as being badly or improperly veiled and their alleged threat to society is again among the main themes of speeches and comments by Friday Prayer

leaders and other state officials.

By Golnaz Esfandiari, RFE/RL Interior Minister Mostafa Mohammad Najjar recently announced that the implementation of the Modesty and Hijab plan would be pursued more seriously in the current Iranian year. Thereve been at least two state-organized demonstrations in support of the hijab and police are reportedly out in the streets since May 22 to make sure women respect the dress code -- meaning that they dont wear makeup, dont wear small head scarves or tight manteaus, and cover their hair. Young men who are accused of harassing women have also come under fire and their cars have reportedly been seized by the police. This program was aired on Irans state-controlled television recently in support of the hijab. Surprisingly, at the beginning the reporter interviews two women considered badly veiled who seem to be opposed to the enforcement of the dress code. Such women are usually never given a platform on state television. The first woman says she dresses the way she wants. I think thats more important than what others might think about how I dress, she says.The second woman, whose face is blurred like the first )apparently because they didnt want to be identified), makes similar comments. I wear what I want and I dont listen to what others say, she says. The other women interviewed in the report all make comments in support of the hijab, including one who calls for a cultural revolution to enforce hijab in Iranian society.The hard-line Fars news agency has posted some pictures of a gathering by students in support of the hijab last week. At the gathering, the conservative students are seen

signing a petition in support of the hijab.They also hold a banner that says: Hijab doesnt mean wearing the chador, it means dressing in a healthy manner. Not dressing in a way that is even worse than [going naked].Mostafa Khosravi, head of security at Tehran University, told Mehr news agency that bad hijab, or badly veiled female and male students would receive three warnings. Khosravi added that if after the warnings the students would still not respect the hijab, then they would be prevented from entering the university. On May 21, hard-line cleric and head of the powerful Guardians Council Ahmad Jannati said that students who wanted to have good marks must respect the hijab. He said the issue of the hijab had been disregarded

in the past two decades and it had to be resolved. Meanwhile, Mashhad prosecutor Mohammad Zoghi has said that bad hijab women and men who act immorally will be fined up to $1,300. And even an online initiative in support of the hijab has been launched, in which bloggers have been encouraged to post at least one item about the benefits of the hijab and chastity.The crackdown on badly veiled women and also men (men are not required to cover themselves, but those wearing tight T-shirts or T-shirts with no sleeves or very short sleeves and in some cases men who have fashionable hairstyles are considered improperly dressed) is nothing new in the Islamic republic. Every now and then, a crackdown is usually launched in the spring, but the timing

of the new push and the new zeal has led to speculation among some observers that the government might be trying to divert peoples attention from the upcoming anniversary of last years disputed presidential vote.Among them is prominent womens rights activist Mahboubeh Abbasgholizadeh, who says this years dress-code campaign is aimed at creating fear and a psychological war in society aimed at preventing people from launching fresh street protests.

Iran: Student Activists Mother Joins His Son in Hunger Strike

Majid Tavakoli, the imprisoned student of Amir Kabir University was transferred to solitary confinement and continues his hunger strike that began on the 22nd of May. In an interview with Roozonline, his mother confirmed that she too has started a hunger strike and said: I started my hunger strike on the same day that Majid began his and I have had no food since. I will continue with my hunger strike until I hear news of my son and have the ability to hear his voice.Ali Tavakoli, Majids brother made the following statement regarding his brothers condition: Majid began his hunger strike )no food or water) on the 22nd of May. We are still not aware of the exact reason for this hunger strike. Our main concern is that due to Majids physical condition, this hunger strike can be very detrimental and dangerous to his health. As per one of Majids friends, he is coughing violently and he refuses to drink water.While referring to his brothers physical ailment, Ali Tavakoli added Majid is unfortunately suffering from lung disease. The cause of this lung

disease is the long periods of time he has been held in solitary confinement from the start of his arrest on the 16th of Azar until the end of Farvardin. When Majid was in ward 240 at Evin he was constantly taken to the prisons clinic and was taking medications.Ali Tavakoli reported that Majid has stated that he will continue his hunger strike until he is transferred back to the general ward at Evin.Ali Tavakoli pointed out that there is no specific reason for Majids transfer to solitary confinement and said: As far as I know and based on the information given to us, Majid is supposed to stay in solitary confinement for at least 20 days.Majid Tavakolis mother informed Roozonline Many people have contacted us at home. Their calls of support have given me strength and raised my spirit. I am happy that my Majid is not alone. Even though my Majid is in jail, I am nevertheless happy to see that so many of my children, brothers and sisters of Majid are free and able to continue his cause.Majids mother continued I only listen

to Majids voice. It gives me strength and raises my spirits to listen to him laugh like he always does and to hear him say, Mother dont worry, I will come back home one of these days. I listen to Majids voice because it calms me down and heals my wounds.Mrs Tavakoli also said: I began my hunger strike on the same day that Majid started his and have not eaten anything since then. I will continue my hunger strike until I hear news of my son and have the ability to hear his voice.Majid Tavakolis transfer to solitary confinement took place after Tehrans prosecutor, Abbas Jafari Dolatabadis presence at Evin and Majid protesting to his remarks.During this visit to Evin prison, Tehrans prosecutor, Jafari Dolatabadi first promised the prisoners unlimited leave from prison, followed by questions regarding the election fraud and their opinion regarding Ahmadinejads government. It is during this meeting that while insisting on his previous positions,

Majid Tavakoli protested to Jafari Dolatabadis remarks.

Trajectory of Metro Vancouver home prices levels out

VANCOUVER Metro Vancouver home prices tipped past their previous peak in the first quarter of this year, but their pace of growth slowed considerably according to the unique measure of the Teranet National Bank House Price Index.The Teranet index score for Metro Vancouver hit 152.16 in March, up 14 per cent from the same month a year ago, and above the citys previous high of 150.65 reached in June, 2008.However, the rate of growth from February to march was just 0.61 per cent, and the index climbed just 2.12 per cent over the entire quarter.The broad slowing of monthly gains is consistent with a general loosening of resale-market conditions across the country, Marc Pinsonneault, senior economist with National Bank Financial Group said in a news release. For some months now, homes have been coming on the market faster than they have selling.Rather than calculating average or benchmark prices from housing sales in a given month, the Teranet method examines price changes of all homes on a repeat sales basis.For each home sold in a given month, the Teranet looks back at its sale price the last time it sold to determine its price change over time.The index is calculated by aggregating the average price change for all homes sold to arrive at an index score, much like a stock index.Teranet and National Bank calculate index scores for six major Canadian property markets including Metro Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal and Halifax.

Only 60 names on list for first dibs on Olympic Village suites

VANCOUVER -- Demand is not exactly booming for the 126 market-rental suites at the Olympic Village, which are prioritized for front-line workers in health care, public safety and public education in Vancouver.More than a month after city council decided to give these workers priority, just 60 names were on the list of applicants being maintained by the city, said city clerk Cecelia Ledesma. Twenty of the applicants are nurses, paramedics and therapists, 11 are teachers, five are police or firefighters and some are civilian government workers and private managers. Others have not specified their occupation.Gord Ditchburn, president of the Vancouver Firefighters Union, told The Sun one reason there may not be more names on the list is that most firefighters are already established in their own homes by the time they are hired, at an average age of between 29 and 30 years old.Most of our guys want to own, not rent, Ditchburn said. I think thats the Canadian dream. And if youre trying to raise a family, is that the place you want to raise a family?The City of Vancouver remains confident it will find occupants that fit the criteria for all 126 suites, said Brenda Prosken, Vancouvers deputy general manager of community services.Most of the 60 requests are for the 640-square-foot, one-bedroom suites, which will rent out for an estimated $1,601 a month, Ledesma said. She said about seven of the 60 requests are for three- or four-bedroom suites. Estimated market rents are $1,902 per month for a 906-square-foot, two-bedroom suite, $2,096 for a 1,223-square-foot, three-bedroom suite and $2,368 for a 1,480-square-foot, four-bedroom suite.Vancouver Mayor Gregor Robertson has said that many police, fire and health and local employees are forced to live outside the city because they cant find affordable housing. To be eligible for these market-rent suites, workers can earn no more than five times their annual rent, and Prosken said the suites are targeted at people earning in the $60,000 range.Ditchburn said a lack of information may be another reason firefighters arent lining up for the suites.Theres just not enough information for anybody to make an informed decision and there are a lot of unanswered questions, Ditchburn said.The city will be contracting with an independent, not-for-profit building operator who will make the final selections for tenants, and the criteria will remain very open, until an operator is selected, Prosken said.For instance, it is unknown what would happen if a person met the income or employment criteria when they moved in, but later changed careers or earned a larger salary.The rentals are part of the Millennium Water development on the south shore of False Creek. Marketing materials call the eco-friendly development Vancouvers last waterfront neighbourhood. The city has spent $110 million on the affordable housing units, and hopes to recover $32 million of that through rental income.

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