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The long way from MAB to MARC 21 to MARC 21 Experiences from Germany and Austria Experiences from Germany and Austria Reinhold Heuvelmann German National Library Office for Data Formats International Workshop „MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“ Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

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Page 1: Paintin' the Fence

The long way from MABto MARC 21to MARC 21

Experiences from Germany and AustriaExperiences from Germany and Austria

Reinhold HeuvelmannGerman National LibraryGerman National LibraryOffice for Data Formats

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 2: Paintin' the Fence

Mark Twain: The Adventures of Tom SawyerChapter II Chapter II

Saturday morning was come, ...© True Williams

Saturday morning was come, ...© True Williams

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 3: Paintin' the Fence

Standards & ChangesStandards & Changes

ZIP codes in GermanyZIP codes in Germany

„1999“ => „2000“

Reform of orthographyReform of orthography

Currency: DM etc. => €Currency: DM etc. => €

Coded Character Sets => Unicode

CANMARC, UKMARC, ... => MARC 21CANMARC, UKMARC, ... => MARC 21

...

cf. removalcf. removal

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 4: Paintin' the Fence

MABMAB

„Maschinelles Austauschformat für Bibliotheken“ (automated library exchange format)„Maschinelles Austauschformat für Bibliotheken“ (automated library exchange format)

established in 1973 („MAB1“)

maintained by the German National Librarymaintained by the German National Library

in close cooperation with the German experts‘ group for data formats (formerly „MAB-Ausschuss“)formats (formerly „MAB-Ausschuss“)

revised in 1994 („MAB2“)

Bibliographic, Authority, Holdings, Classification, Addresses

1998 - 2004: process of internationalization (Unicode, Dublin 1998 - 2004: process of internationalization (Unicode, Dublin Core, MAB english, FRBR, XML)

weakness: national / isolated standard

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 5: Paintin' the Fence

The decision for MARC 21The decision for MARC 21

2001-12: internationalization of library 2001-12: internationalization of library standards (cataloging rules & formats)

vivid discussionsvivid discussions

feasibility study (strategic, technical, feasibility study (strategic, technical, economical aspects), funded by DFG

2004-12: introduction and uniform use of 2004-12: introduction and uniform use of MARC 21 as the exchange format for all libraries in Germany and Austrialibraries in Germany and Austria

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 6: Paintin' the Fence

Pros and ConsPros and Cons

import of international dataimport of international datavisibility of German and Austrian datalarge community and expertiselarge community and expertisetake part in developmentsbetter choice of systems

long way to golong way to golanguageinternational frameworkinternational frameworkMAB deep inside the systemsloose endsloose ends

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 7: Paintin' the Fence

CastCastnational:Office for Library Standards, incl. Project StaffOffice for Data FormatsOffice for Data FormatsExperts‘ Group for Data Formats+ external experts+ external experts

international:Library of Congress, NDMSOLibrary of Congress, NDMSOLAC Canada, British LibraryALA MARBIALA MARBI

Funding by• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft• Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 8: Paintin' the Fence

PrinciplesPrinciples

retain existing dataretain existing data

retain existing functionalitiesretain existing functionalities

abandon historic burdens

decouple the process from related developmentsdecouple the process from related developments

keep compliance to the standard MARCkeep compliance to the standard MARC

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 9: Paintin' the Fence

Multipart Publications („Hierarchies“)Multipart Publications („Hierarchies“)

each volume => 1 recordeach volume => 1 record

+ the set itself => 1 additional record

(no records for sections / subsets)(no records for sections / subsets)

each record bibliographically complete

volumes with strong titles => 490 + 8XXvolumes with strong titles => 490 + 8XX

volumes without strong titles => 245 $a $n $p volumes without strong titles => 245 $a $n $p + 773 $w

(no 505)(no 505)

linking by textual forms and IDs

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 10: Paintin' the Fence

Mapping from MAB to MARCMapping from MAB to MARC

comprehensive ...

detailed ...detailed ...

careful ...

cooperative ...

always cross-checking ...always cross-checking ...

© Norman Rockwell

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

© Norman Rockwell

Page 11: Paintin' the Fence

Mapping: AlgorithmMapping: Algorithm

equivalent element available in MARC ? => �equivalent element available in MARC ? => �

else: loose end

weighing:weighing:

can fall apart (list of cancellations) ? => �

or loss of granularity ? => or loss of granularity ? => �

or new entry into MARC code list ? => �or new entry into MARC code list ? => �

else: relevant

definable in MARC 21 ? => �definable in MARC 21 ? => �

else: to be defined locally => �

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 12: Paintin' the Fence

Mapping: ExperiencesMapping: Experiences

MARC complex, well structured

MAB: mostly without subfields => group of fieldsMARC: with subfields => one fieldMARC: with subfields => one field

process of cleaning up / sorting out

surprises, disappointments, and understandings

codes (MARC: 006 / 007 / 008) => RDA ?

different cataloging codes, cataloging practices, systemsdifferent cataloging codes, cataloging practices, systems

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 13: Paintin' the Fence

Mapping: ResultsMapping: Results

available on DNB website:available on DNB website:

http://www.d-nb.de/eng/eng/standardisierung/standardisierung/formate/konkordanz.htm/konkordanz.htm

work in progresswork in progress

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 14: Paintin' the Fence

MARBI: German and Austrian WishlistMARBI: German and Austrian Wishlist

•linking by ID-numbers: control subfields $w and $0replacement records („Umlenkungen“)•replacement records („Umlenkungen“)•normalized / machine-sortable information•codes:•codes:multiparts, acidity of paper, nature of contents•other:former NBN, type of keyword, place, former call numberformer NBN, type of keyword, place, former call number

•element-level responsibility (Subject Headings, DDC)•element-level responsibility (Subject Headings, DDC)

mutual benefits

http://www.loc.gov/marc/marbi/2007/2007-dp01.html

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 15: Paintin' the Fence

MARBI: PerspectivesMARBI: Perspectives

German and Austrian package:discussions in January 2007, decisions in June 2007discussions in January 2007, decisions in June 2007

DDC Discussion Paper (with LC and OCLC):DDC Discussion Paper (with LC and OCLC):discussions in June 2007, decisions in January 2008

Authority format: dates & languagesAuthority format: dates & languages

larger frameworklarger framework=> longer process of discussions and decisions

ongoing cooperationongoing cooperation

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 16: Paintin' the Fence

The MARC LineThe MARC Line

DirectoryDirectory

LDR|001|002|003|004|005|006|007|008|009|...|999LDR|001|002|003|004|005|006|007|008|009|...|999

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 17: Paintin' the Fence

The MARC FenceThe MARC Fence

090 | 091 | 092 | 093 | 094 | 095 | 096 | 097 | 098 | 099090 | 091 | 092 | 093 | 094 | 095 | 096 | 097 | 098 | 099

080 | 081 | 082 | 083 | 084 | 085 | 086 | 087 | 088 | 089

070 | 071 | 072 | 073 | 074 | 075 | 076 | 077 | 078 | 079070 | 071 | 072 | 073 | 074 | 075 | 076 | 077 | 078 | 079

060 | 061 | 062 | 063 | 064 | 065 | 066 | 067 | 068 | 069

050 | 051 | 052 | 053 | 054 | 055 | 056 | 057 | 058 | 059

040 | 041 | 042 | 043 | 044 | 045 | 046 | 047 | 048 | 049

030 | 031 | 032 | 033 | 034 | 035 | 036 | 037 | 038 | 039

020 | 021 | 022 | 023 | 024 | 025 | 026 | 027 | 028 | 029

010 | 011 | 012 | 013 | 014 | 015 | 016 | 017 | 018 | 019

LDR | 001 | 002 | 003 | 004 | 005 | 006 | 007 | 008 | 009LDR | 001 | 002 | 003 | 004 | 005 | 006 | 007 | 008 | 009

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 18: Paintin' the Fence

The MARC CubeThe MARC Cube

990|...

490|...490|...

...020|...010|011|...

... Hypercube ?010|011|...LDR|001|002|...

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 19: Paintin' the Fence

Defining local fieldsDefining local fields

XX9 („right“ layer)XX9 („right“ layer)

+ X9X („top“ layer)

+ 9XX („back“ layer)+ 9XX („back“ layer)

+ Indicators 1 and 2 = „9“+ Indicators 1 and 2 = „9“

+ $9

less than 15 fields / format

„As many as needed -- as few as possible.“„As many as needed -- as few as possible.“

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 20: Paintin' the Fence

Two minor decisionsTwo minor decisions

non-sorting characters:non-sorting characters:

at the beginning of a field or subfield, or inside a subfieldsubfield

handled by Non-Sorting Control Characters

http://www.loc.gov/marc/nonsorting.htmlhttp://www.loc.gov/marc/nonsorting.html

ISBD:

no embedded interpunction at the end of a subfieldno embedded interpunction at the end of a subfield

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 21: Paintin' the Fence

Translation, and Edition SystemTranslation, and Edition System

technicians – catalogerstechnicians – catalogers

glossary

MARC 21 Concise + local fieldsMARC 21 Concise + local fields

=> Official German Translation of MARC 21=> Official German Translation of MARC 21

maintenance and documentation

input MARC in XML + manuallyinput MARC in XML + manually

output PDF + XML + HTML

open for future additions (RDA, ...)open for future additions (RDA, ...)

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 22: Paintin' the Fence

MARCXMLMARCXML

MARCXML as variant of / successor to MARCXML as variant of / successor to [MARC in ISO 2709]

MODSMODS

Questionnaire: Is the German and Austrian Questionnaire: Is the German and Austrian library community prepared for using MARC library community prepared for using MARC data in XML structure?

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 23: Paintin' the Fence

Coded Character SetsCoded Character Sets

MAB: ISO 646 (IRV) + ISO 5426MAB: ISO 646 (IRV) + ISO 5426

IBM Codepage 850

ISO/IEC 10646 / UnicodeISO/IEC 10646 / Unicode

MARC: MARC-8

ISO/IEC 10646 / UnicodeISO/IEC 10646 / Unicode

mappings availablemappings available

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 24: Paintin' the Fence

Summing upSumming up

MAB: stabilized, frozenMAB: stabilized, frozen

„aufgehoben“ (inf. „aufheben“)

suspendedsuspended

picked up

preserved

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 25: Paintin' the Fence

Implementing MARCImplementing MARC

... painting the other side of the fence... painting the other side of the fence

replace each MAB system / interface by its MARC equivalentequivalent

How to use MARC for real data?

agreements upon contents, in addition to cataloging agreements upon contents, in addition to cataloging rules, to keep the data fairly consistent

......International Workshop

„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 26: Paintin' the Fence

The role of MARCThe role of MARC

Exchange formatExchange format

Internal format / cataloging format

different situations in the regional library networks:

ExLibris / Aleph 500ExLibris / Aleph 500

OCLC|PICAOCLC|PICA

variety of systemsvariety of systems

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 27: Paintin' the Fence

Mark Twain: The Adventures of Tom SawyerChapter III Chapter III

„It‘s all done, Aunt.“© Claus Kormannshaus

„It‘s all done, Aunt.“

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007

Page 28: Paintin' the Fence

Thank you ☺☺☺☺Thank you ☺☺☺☺

Reinhold HeuvelmannReinhold Heuvelmann

German National Library

Information Technology / Office for Data FormatsInformation Technology / Office for Data Formats

Adickesallee 1

D-60322 Frankfurt am MainD-60322 Frankfurt am Main

Telephone: +49-69-1525-1709

Telefax: +49-69-1525-1799Telefax: +49-69-1525-1799

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.d-nb.dehttp://www.d-nb.de

International Workshop„MARC 21 – Experiences, Challenges and Visions“

Frankfurt, May 14th and 15th, 2007