Packaging MaterialsPackaging MaterialsFood ManufactureFood Manufacture

Packaging MaterialsPackaging Materials

CansCans

Glass ContainersGlass Containers

Rigid plastic containersRigid plastic containers

Flexible plastic packaging Flexible plastic packaging

Paper & boardPaper & board

Aluminium foil & laminatesAluminium foil & laminates

StyrofoamStyrofoam

CansCansAdvantages:Advantages:

Cheap & widely used in AustraliaCheap & widely used in Australia

Provides good protection of the contentsProvides good protection of the contents

Easy to handle during manufacture (filling stacking & packing)Easy to handle during manufacture (filling stacking & packing)

Stack easily on supermarket shelvesStack easily on supermarket shelves

Store for long periods of timeStore for long periods of time

Steel cans:Steel cans:

coated in tin which acts as a barrier and prevents the food reacting with the steel. coated in tin which acts as a barrier and prevents the food reacting with the steel.

Cans containing acidic ingredients are coated with a plastic lacquer to prevent a Cans containing acidic ingredients are coated with a plastic lacquer to prevent a reaction with the metalreaction with the metal

Used for solid & semi-solid foods.Used for solid & semi-solid foods.

Aluminium cans:Aluminium cans:

used for soft drinks & beerused for soft drinks & beer

CansCansAluminium CansAluminium Cans

CansCansSteel CansSteel Cans

CansCans

Cans that have bulges or dentsCans that have bulges or dents

Air may have entered so there is a risk of Air may have entered so there is a risk of microbial contaminationmicrobial contamination

Lacquer may be damaged & food may have Lacquer may be damaged & food may have reacted with the metal Canned food do not reacted with the metal Canned food do not have a use-by date as they are required only on have a use-by date as they are required only on foods with a shelf life less than 2 yearsfoods with a shelf life less than 2 years

Canned food do not have a use-by date as they are Canned food do not have a use-by date as they are only required on foods that have a shelf life of less only required on foods that have a shelf life of less than 2 yearsthan 2 years

Glass ContainersGlass ContainersCharacteristics:Characteristics:

Chemically inert - wont react Chemically inert - wont react with its contentswith its contents

Non porousNon porous

Odourless & hygienicOdourless & hygienic

Contents can be seen as glass is Contents can be seen as glass is transparenttransparent

Great strength (continually Great strength (continually getting stronger & lighter)getting stronger & lighter)

Easy open & re-sealable Easy open & re-sealable

Variety of shapes & sizesVariety of shapes & sizes

Long-term storage & extended Long-term storage & extended shelf-lifeshelf-life

Sustainable - can be recycled or Sustainable - can be recycled or re-usedre-used

Glass ContainersGlass Containers

Uses:Uses:

Semi-liquid, liquid & solid foodsSemi-liquid, liquid & solid foods

Examples:Examples:

Preparation:Preparation:

Air blowing, rinsing with warm water, Air blowing, rinsing with warm water, washing in detergent, sterilising (aseptic)washing in detergent, sterilising (aseptic)

Paper & CardboardPaper & CardboardPaper:Paper:

Used for a wide variety of productsUsed for a wide variety of products

Versatile & cost effectiveVersatile & cost effective

Variety of shapes, textures & thickness' availableVariety of shapes, textures & thickness' available

Greaseproof paper can be used when packaging products such as Greaseproof paper can be used when packaging products such as confectionary & butter. They act as a barrier to odours & moistureconfectionary & butter. They act as a barrier to odours & moisture

Paperboard (thicker paper-based packaging)Paperboard (thicker paper-based packaging)

Can be laminated with other materials to create strength & moisture Can be laminated with other materials to create strength & moisture resistance E.g. Tetra packsresistance E.g. Tetra packs

Pulped FibreboardPulped Fibreboard

Offers protection for products such as eggs because of the airsplace between Offers protection for products such as eggs because of the airsplace between the particlesthe particles

Refer to table 11.2 Pg 218Refer to table 11.2 Pg 218

PaperPaper& Cardboard& Cardboard

PaperPaper& Cardboard& Cardboard

PaperPaper& cardboard& cardboard

Rigid Plastic PackagingRigid Plastic PackagingAdvantages:Advantages:

Lightweight & strongLightweight & strong

High resistance to High resistance to breakagebreakage

Available in a wide Available in a wide variety of colours, variety of colours, shapes, sizes & texturesshapes, sizes & textures

Can add to the sale Can add to the sale appeal of the productappeal of the product

Cheap and easy to Cheap and easy to produce compared to produce compared to other packaging other packaging materialsmaterials

Rigid Plastic PackagingRigid Plastic Packaging

Rigid Plastic PackagingRigid Plastic PackagingTypes of plastic used:Types of plastic used:

polyethylene terephalate (PET) - polyethylene terephalate (PET) - used clear as colouring has an used clear as colouring has an impact on the strength. E.g. soft impact on the strength. E.g. soft drink, water & oildrink, water & oil

high density polyethylene (HDPE) high density polyethylene (HDPE) - stronger when colour is added. - stronger when colour is added. Used for products with a shorter Used for products with a shorter shelf life E.g. milkshelf life E.g. milk

Polypropylene (PP) - high melting Polypropylene (PP) - high melting point so is useful for hot fill point so is useful for hot fill products such as soups & fruits in products such as soups & fruits in syrup. Can be moulded easily E.g. syrup. Can be moulded easily E.g. yoghurt & ice creamyoghurt & ice cream

Polystyrene (PS) - Aerated texture Polystyrene (PS) - Aerated texture allows package to protect the allows package to protect the product from physical damage. product from physical damage. Also provide thermal retention Also provide thermal retention E.g. trays & cupsE.g. trays & cups

Rigid Plastic PackagingRigid Plastic Packaging

Flexible Plastic Flexible Plastic PackagingPackaging

Any plastic that is formed into a sheet or reel with a Any plastic that is formed into a sheet or reel with a thickness os up to 0.375mmthickness os up to 0.375mm

Plastic films & Bags:Plastic films & Bags:

Polyethylene (PET) E.g. cling wrapPolyethylene (PET) E.g. cling wrap

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) E.g. Cereal bagsHigh-density polyethylene (HDPE) E.g. Cereal bags

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) E.g. Kraft singles Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) E.g. Kraft singles wrapperswrappers

Polypropylene (PP) E.g. chip, biscuit, 2 minute Polypropylene (PP) E.g. chip, biscuit, 2 minute noodle wrappersnoodle wrappers

Flexible Plastic Flexible Plastic PackagingPackaging

Plastics are made by melting a pellet and Plastics are made by melting a pellet and forcing it out into the desired shape. This forcing it out into the desired shape. This process is known as EXTRUSIONprocess is known as EXTRUSION

ExtrusionExtrusion

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Flexible Plastic Flexible Plastic PackagingPackaging

Flexible Plastic Flexible Plastic PackagingPackaging

Laminations (composite plastics):Laminations (composite plastics):

Combining 2 or more plastic materials from Combining 2 or more plastic materials from separate reels that are glued together with separate reels that are glued together with adhesiveadhesive

Plastics are extruded and glued together at Plastics are extruded and glued together at the same timethe same time

MAP packaged and vacuum packages can MAP packaged and vacuum packages can use 3-11 layersuse 3-11 layers

Flexible Flexible Plastic Plastic PackagingPackaging

Flexible Flexible Plastic Plastic packagingpackaging

Aluminium FoilsAluminium FoilsMost foils made from aluminiumMost foils made from aluminium

Advantages:Advantages:

lightlight

flexibleflexible

strongstrong

Able to withstand moderate Able to withstand moderate heatheat

Examples:Examples:

Tubes - condensed milkTubes - condensed milk

Trays - frozen foodsTrays - frozen foods

Product seals - sour cream, Product seals - sour cream, butter & yoghurtbutter & yoghurt

Wrappers - Cadbury chocolate Wrappers - Cadbury chocolate blockblock

LaminationsLaminationsAluminium foil joined with other Aluminium foil joined with other materials such as plastic and paper materials such as plastic and paper to create a stronger packaging to create a stronger packaging material. material.

Example:Example:

Muesli bar wrapper (paper, foil Muesli bar wrapper (paper, foil & plastic)& plastic)

Tetra Packs:Tetra Packs:

Multi-layered laminations Multi-layered laminations known as composite packagesknown as composite packages

Each layer provides a different Each layer provides a different purposepurpose

Metallising:Metallising:

Plastic coated in a fine layer of Plastic coated in a fine layer of metal. E.g. Twisties chip metal. E.g. Twisties chip packetspackets

Tetra PakTetra Pak

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OthersOthersCombination Packages:Combination Packages:

2 or more separate packaging materials that function 2 or more separate packaging materials that function independently of one anotherindependently of one another

E.g. Breakfast CerealE.g. Breakfast Cereal

Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Packaging:Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Packaging:

Primary - Package in which the food is sold to the consumerPrimary - Package in which the food is sold to the consumer

Secondary - Food sold with a secondary level of packaging. Secondary - Food sold with a secondary level of packaging. E.g. 6 pack of poppersE.g. 6 pack of poppers

Tertiary - Used to secure multiple secondary packages to Tertiary - Used to secure multiple secondary packages to make bulk handling & transportation easier. E.g. shrink make bulk handling & transportation easier. E.g. shrink wrapped palletswrapped pallets