PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS(MENTAL ILLNESSES)SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Self neglect

A lack off cleanliness in self-care Unkempt hair Wearing clothes that are dirty

Flamboyant clothing Dressed in colourful, flamboyant way

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Postures and Movements

Mannerisms: Repeated involuntary movements that is goal-directed

Negativism: A motiveless resistance to commands Posturing: Adopting inappropriate bodily posture for long

period Stereotypies: Repeated regular fixed patterns of movement or

speech that is not goal directed

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Disorders of speech

Pressure of speech: Increased in quantity and rate

Flight of ideas: Stream of accelerated thoughts with abrupt changes between topics and no central direction

Circumstantiality: Slowed thinking incorporating unnecessary trivial details

Loosening of association: Odd, tangential associations between ideas; incomprehensible, incoherent speech

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Disorders of emotion

Depression: Low or sad mood that may be accompanied by lack of pleasure

Expansive mood: Feelings expressed without restraint; self importance overrated

Irritability: Liability to outbursts or reduced control over aggressive impulses towards others

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Disorders of emotion

Agitation: Excessive motor activity with a feeling of more tension

Anxiety: Feeling of apprehension caused by anticipating an external or internal danger

Apathy: Indifference and a loss of emotional tone and ability to feel pleasure

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Disorders of thought content

Obsession: Repetitive, senseless thoughts, recognized as irrational and unsuccessfully resited

Phobia: Persistent irrational fear of an activity, object or situation leading to avoidance. Fear is disproportionate

Hypochondriasis: Preoccupation with a fear of having a serious physical illness

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Disorders of thought content

Delusion: A false personal belief based on incorrect inferences about external reality and firmly sustained in spite of what almost everyone else believes and in spite of what constitutes obvious proof of evidence to the contrary.. This belief is not one normally held by others of the same culture. Delusion of persecution Delusion of grandeur Delusional jealousy Delusion of reference Somatic delusion Bizarre delusion

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Disorders of PerceptionHallucination: A false sensory perception occurring in

the absence of real external stimuli. It is perceived as being located in the objective space and as having the same realistic qualities of normal perception Auditory Visual Olfactory Gustatory Tactile

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Disorders of attention:

Distractibility: Attention is drawn too frequently to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli

Memory Disorders Amnesia: Inability to recall past experience

Paramnesias: Confabulation: Gaps in memory are unconsciously filled with false

memories Déjà vu: Feeling that current situation has been experienced Jamais vu: failure to recognise a familiar situation

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Disorders of consciousness Clouding of consciousness: Drowsy and does not react to

stimuli

Delirium: Patient bewildered, disoriented and restless. May be associated with fear and hallucinations

TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS Organic disorders

Delirium Substance withdrawal delirium Infections Intoxication delirium

Psychoactive drug use disordersAcute IntoxicationDependence SyndromeHarmful UseWithdrawal State

TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS Psychotic disorders

Schizophrenia Delusional (Paranoid) disorders Schizoaffective disorders Bipolar disorders (Mood disorders)

TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS Depressive disorders

Major depression Minor depression Bipolar depression

TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS Neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders

Generalised Anxiety DisorderPanic DisordersPhobic disordersObsessive-compulsive disorderAcute stress reactionAdjustment disorderPost traumatic stress disorderDissociative DisorderSomatoform Disorder

TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS Other disorders

Personality disorders Suicide and parasuicide Sleep disorders Psychosexual and gender disorders Dysthymia

ANXIOUS AND AGITATED PATIENT Substance intoxication

Substance withdrawal

Anxiety disordersPanic disorderGeneralised anxiety disorderPost traumatic stress disorder

Organic anxiety disorder

DEPRESSED PATIENT Depressive disorder

Substance induced depression

Mixed anxiety and depression

MANIC AND DISINHIBITED PATIENT Substance induced Mania

Organic manic disorder

Bipolar disorder

INSOMNIA Substance induced Insomnia

Insomnia secondary to psychiatric disorders

Insomnia due to physical discomfort

DELUDED PATIENT Substance induced delusional disorder

Schizophrenia

Delusional disorder

HALLUCINATED PATIENT Substance induced hallucinosis

Schizophrenia

Organic hallucinosis

CONFUSED PATIENT Substance induced delirium

Organic delirium

AGGRESSIVE PATIENT Substance induced aggression

Bipolar disorder

Schizophrenia

MANAGEMENT Short-term Risk Management

Redefining the diagnosis

Management of the psychiatric disorder

SHORT TERM RISK MANAGEMENTAssessment of risk Risk to self

From deliberate self harm or suicide From self neglect From being vulnerable to others

Risk to others By aggression By neglect of others

REFINING THE DIAGNOSIS An initial period of assessment

A diagnostic trial

Making a provisional diagnosis

MANAGEMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER Short term management

Biological treatment

Psychological treatment

Social treatment

Long term treatment