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Osmosis and Diffusion!

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Page 1: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Osmosis and Diffusion!

Page 2: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS

DIFFUSION: movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration

Page 3: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

DIFFUSION

Page 4: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

OSMOSIS: diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

In a cell, water always tries to reach an equal concentration on both sides of the membrane!

Page 5: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

OSMOSIS

Page 6: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Vocabulary Terms to KnowConcentration = density of particles

Permeable = allows things to pass throughSelectively Permeable = allows certain

things only to pass through Impermeable = allows nothing to pass

throughSolute = you addSolvent = added to

Page 7: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

During osmosis, only water diffuses across the

selectively permeable membrane.

Page 8: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

OSMOSIS

Page 9: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Gotta love the Greeks!

ISOS=equalHYPO=underHYPER=over

Remember your roots!

Page 10: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Hypotonic Solution

A cell is placed in pure water

There is a lower concentration of solutes (dissolved substances )outside the cell than inside the cell.

Water will flow into the cell.

Page 11: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Isotonic Solution Equal concentrations of

solutes inside and outside the cell.

Water will flow into and out of the cell at equal rates (dynamic equilibrium)

EX: Immunizations are isotonic solutions so they do not damage the cells by gain or loss of water.

Page 12: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Hypertonic Solution

A cell is placed in a concentrated salt solution (seawater)

There is a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell.

Water will flow out of the cell

Page 13: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Note: These are animal red blood cells. The size of the arrows indicates the magnitude and

direction with which water moves.

Page 14: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

What about the big boys?

ENDOCYTOSIS: cells surrounds and takes in material from environment by engulfing the material! YUMMY!

EXOCYTOSIS: cells expel materials from cell, such as waste or indigestible particles. GROSS!

Both endo and exocytosis are moving large masses of material and require energy (ACTIVE TRANSPORT!)

Page 15: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Endocytosis

Page 16: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Exocytosis

Page 17: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS!

Concentration of dissolved substances in solution is the same as concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell.

Water inside cell is equal to water in solution.

Cells in isotonic solution do not experience osmosis and retain their normal shape.

EX: Immunizations are isotonic solutions so they do not damage the cells by gain or loss of water.

Page 18: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS! Concentration of dissolved substances

is lower in solution outside the cell than concentration inside the cell.

There is more water outside the cell than inside.

Cells in hypotonic solutions experience osmosis in which water moves through membrane into cell.

EX: In animal cells, the pressure inside cell increases causing the cells to swell and sometimes burst!

EX: In plant cells, the rigid cell wall prevents bursting, but the cells become more firm.

CUCUMBERS IN THE MIST!

Page 19: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS! Concentration of dissolved substances

outside cell is higher than concentration inside cell.

There is more water inside cell than outside.

Cells in hypertonic solutions experience osmosis in which water moves through membrane to outside of cell.

Ex: In plant cells, membrane and cytoplasm shrink away from cell wall and plant wilts.

EX: In animal cells, the pressure decreases and the cells shrivel.

Don’t be so SALTY!

Page 20: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Passive Transport: Mosey on through…

Passive transport is what it sounds like!

Molecules pass through the membrane by diffusion requiring no extra energy.

The molecules just mosey on through the membrane.

Ex: Some of the molecules that move by passive transport are: water and lipids

Page 21: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Passive Transport

Page 22: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Facilitated Diffusion: Help them out a bit!

Remember those transport proteins in the phospholipid bilayer? Here’s

where they fit in!Facilitated diffusion: passive

transport across membrane with help of transport proteins.

Ex: Facilitated diffusion is used to move sugars and amino acids across membranes.

Page 23: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Facilitated Transport

Page 24: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Active Transport: ENERGY REQUIRED!

Active transport is the movement of materials through a membrane across a concentration gradient.

This requires energy to counteract the movement of diffusion from high to low concentrations!

Page 25: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

How does it work?1) Transport protein called “carrier

protein” binds with particle that is going to be transported.

2) Because of its specific shape, the carrier protein can bind to the particle and with some energy, it can move through the membrane.

3) Once the particle is released, the protein returns to its original shape.

Active transport allows a particle movement into or out of a cell against

a concentration gradient.

Page 26: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

How carrier proteins work!

Page 27: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Active Transport

Page 28: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Active Transport

Page 29: Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement

Cellular Transport


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