orthographic projections by shelke

Ashish Vishnu Shelke

Lecturer,

Mechanical Engineering Department

PCP,Pune

:+919960818069

Orthographic Projections

Sticking to syllabusTheory

Reference planes, types of orthographic projections – First angle projections, Third angle projections, methods of obtaining orthographic views by First angle method, Sectional orthographic projections – full section, half section, offset section.

Practical:To draw two principal views, one sectional

view for two objects.

What does the word Orthographic Mean?

Ortho – 90 Degrees or right angle

Graphic – to draw or a picture

To draw pictures 90 degrees from each other.

Orthographic Projections

3 views of an object that are 90 degrees to each other

Usually the Top, Front, and Right Side views are used

Why Orthographic Projections?Shows the true size and shape of the features

of an objectProvide certain information on how the object

is to be made.

Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections

First Angle Projections MethodHere views are drawn

by placing object

in 1st Quadrant( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y )

Third Angle Projections MethodHere views are drawn

by placing object

in 3rd Quadrant. ( Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y )

SYMBOLIC

PRESENTATIONOF BOTH METHODS

WITH AN OBJECT STANDING ON HP ( GROUND)

ON IT’S BASE.

3

NOTE:-HP term is used in 1st Angle method

&For the same

Ground term is used in 3rd Angle method of projections

How do I draw this symbol?

The recommended proportions for the symbol are as follows….

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS{ MACHINE ELEMENTS }

OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS.THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMAL

TO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES.AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE PLANES.

THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW , TOP VIEW AND SIDE VIEW.

FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP )TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP )

SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP )

FIRST STUDY THE CONCEPT OF 1ST AND 3RD ANGLE PROJECTION METHODS

THIS IS A PICTORIAL SET-UP OF ALL THREE PLANES.ARROW DIRECTION IS A NORMAL WAY OF OBSERVING THE OBJECT.BUT IN THIS DIRECTION ONLY VP AND A VIEW ON IT (FV) CAN BE SEEN.THE OTHER PLANES AND VIEWS ON THOSE CAN NOT BE SEEN.

X

Y

HP IS ROTATED DOWNWARD 900

AND BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.

PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDE 900

ANDBROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.

X

Y

X Y

VP

HP

PP

FV

ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

DRAWN IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS

LSV

TV

PROCEDURE TO SOLVE ABOVE PROBLEM:-

TO MAKE THOSE PLANES ALSO VISIBLE FROM THE ARROW DIRECTION, A) HP IS ROTATED 900 DOUNWARD B) PP, 900 IN RIGHT SIDE DIRECTION.THIS WAY BOTH PLANES ARE BROUGHT IN THE SAME PLANE CONTAINING VP.

PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method)

2

Click to view AnimationOn clicking the button if a warning comes please click YES to continue, this program is safe for your pc.

FOR T.V.

FOR S.V. FOR F.V.

FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION

IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT

MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.

OBJECT IS INBETWEENOBSERVER & PLANE.

ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS

IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD

OF PROJECTIONS

X Y

VP

HP

PP

FV LSV

TV

FOR T.V.

FOR S.V. FOR F.V.

IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )

PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN

OBSERVER & OBJECT.

ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS

OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS

X Y

TV

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

LSV FV

x y

FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEWFOR F.V.

FOR S.V.

FOR T.V.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT

BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

1

FOR F.V.FOR S.V.

FOR T.V.

X Y

FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW




2

General procedure for sketching orthographic views from pictorial view (isometric view): Step 1: Sketch with free hand, the outline of all the

required views with thin line (2H pencil). Step 2: Sketch with free hand, all the visible lines and

visible circles in all the required views with thin line (2H pencil).

Step 3: Sketch with free hand, all the hidden lines and hidden circles in all the required views with thin line (2H pencil).

Step 4: After checking for technical mistakes if any, darken (with free hand) all the visible lines, hidden lines, visible circles/arcs and hidden circles/arcs forming the required views with HB pencil.

Step 5: Lettering (both alphabets and numbers) should be done with free hand.

Example:Draw FV, TV, and SV of the object shown

Solution:

Step :1

Step:3

Step:2

Step:4

Step:5

The complete solution for the example is,

Note: Visible Parts should be drawn with continuous lines of 0.6 mm thickness Hidden parts should be drawn with dotted lines of 0.3 mm thickness Dimensions line are thin continuous lines of 0.3 mm thickness and arrow

head filled with 1.5 mm heights and 3 mm length.

Dimensioning Methods: Dimensions are represented on a drawing using one of two

systems, unidirectional or aligned.

The unidirectional method means all dimensions are read in the same direction.

The aligned method means the dimensions are read in alignment with the dimension lines or side of the part, some read horizontally and others read vertically.

FOR F.V.FOR S.V

.

FOR T.V.


X Y

FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

3



FOR T.V.

FOR F.V.

FOR S.V.


FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

5



FOR T.V.

FOR S.V.


FOR F.V.

FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

4



FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

FOR T.V.

FOR F.V.

FOR S.V.


7



20 D

30 D

60 D

TV

10

30

50

10

35

FV

X Y

RECT.SLOT

FOR T.V.

FOR F.V.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT


20ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

TOP VIEW

FOR T.V.

FOR F.V.FOR S.V.


FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

6



ZSTUDY

ILLUSTRATIONS

X Y

50

20

25

25 20

FOR T.V.

FOR F.V.



8


FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

FOR T.V.

FOR F.V.FOR S.V

.



9


FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

FOR T.V.

FOR S.V.

FOR

F.V.




FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

FOR T.V.

FOR S.V.

FOR F.V.




FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

FOR T.V.

FOR S.V. FOR F.V.



12


FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

ZSTUDY

ILLUSTRATIONS

x y

FV35

35

10

TV

302010

40

70

O

FOR T.V.

FOR F.V.



13


ZSTUDY ILLUSTRATIONS

SV

TV

yx

FV

30

30

10

30 10 30

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

FOR T.V.

FOR S.V. FOR F.V.



14


x y

FV SV

ZSTUDY

ILLUSTRATIONS

TV

1040 60

60

40

ALL VIEWS IDENTICALFOR T.V.

FOR S.V. FOR F.V.



15


FOR T.V.

FOR S.V. FOR F.V.




x y

FV SV

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

40 60

60

40

10

TOP VIEW

40 20

30 SQUARE

20

50

60

30

10

F.V.S.V.

OFOR S.V

. FOR F.V.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT


17


FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

50

80

10

30 D

TV

O

FOR T.V.

FOR F.V.




40

10

45

FV

OX Y

X Y

FV

O

40

10

10

TV

25

25

30 R

100

103010

20 D

FOR F.V.O



19


FOR T.V.

O O

40

25

80

F.V.

10

15

25

25

25

25

10

S.V.

FOR S.V. FOR F.V.



21


450

X

FV

Y

30

40

TV

30 D

40

4015

O

FOR T.V.

FOR F.V.




O

O

20

2015

40

100

30

6030

20

20

50

HEX PART

FOR S.V.

FOR F.V.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV ABD SV OF THIS OBJECT


23


FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

O

10

30

10

80

30

T.V.

O

10

30

4020

F.V.

X Y

FOR T.V.

FOR F.V.




FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

LSV

Y

25

25

1050

FV

X

10 10 15

O

FOR S.V.

FOR F.V.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND LSV OF THIS OBJECT


25


YX

F.V. LEFT S.V.

20 2010

15

15

1530

10

30

50

15

FOR S.V.

FOR F.V.

O



26


orthographic projections by shelke

Design

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angle method

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inbetweenobserver

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