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Orphan Calling A Biblical and Comprehensive Guide to Orphan Care by Jessica L. Johnson

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A Biblical and Comprehensive Guide to Orphan Care

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Page 1: Orphan Calling

Orphan CallingA Biblical and Comprehensive Guide to Orphan Care

by Jessica L. Johnson

Page 2: Orphan Calling

TAble of Contents

Lesson 1

Lesson 2

Lesson 3

Lesson 4

Lesson 5

lesson 6

lesson 7

lesson 8

lesson 9

lesson 10

Small Group Guide

Footnotes

What Do You Know?

What Does The Bible Say?

Who Is An Orphan?

What’s Wrong With Orphanages?

Why Do We Build So Many Orphanages?

If Not Orphanages, Then What?

�,!;��8'��,'��'9;��8!$ধ$'9S

�8'��86,!2!+'9�='8��2��6ধ32S

Who’s Doing Community-Based Care Well?

What Are My Next Steps?

1

9

21

25

31

35

46

54

61

69

78

94

Page 3: Orphan Calling

Lesson 1

Whatdo you know?

�,'2�;,'�>38&�[�(8-$!\�-9�1'2ধ32'&�-2�!��-#£'f#'£-'=-2+�$,<8$,�9'ষ2+T�-;�-9�139;�£-0'£@�+3-2+�;3�#'�-2�;,'�$32;'?;�3(�$!8-2+�(38�386,!29W���,'8'�-9�!�+33&�$,!2$'�;,!;�@3<�38�931'32'�@3<�023>�,!9�;8!='£'&�;3��(8-$!�;3�$!8'�(38�386,!29�32�!�9,38;f;'81�1-99-32�;8-6W��3<�1!@�+-='�)2!2$-!£�9<6638;�;3�!�1-99-32!8@�>,3�8<29�!2�386,!2!+'W� ;�-9�£-0'£@�@3<8�6!9;38�,!9�1'2ধ32'&�;,'�6£-+,;�3(�;,'��(8-$!2�386,!2�-2�!�9'8132�32��3,2���T�>,'8'�$,8-9;�6831-9'9�;,!;��'�z>32y;�£'!='�<9�!9�386,!29zW��3<8�$,<8$,�1!@�,!='�!2�386,!2�$!8'�1-2-9;8@W��3<�,!='�,'!8&�;,'�9;!ধ9ধ$9�;,!;�;,'8'�!8'�����1-££-32�386,!29�-2��(8-$!W��3<�,!='�8'!&��!1'9��V���!2&� 9!-!,��V��W��3<�023>�@3<�,!='�!��-#£-$!£�$!££-2+�;3�$!8'�(38�;,'�386,!2W�

Pure and genuine religion in the sight of God the Father means caring for orphans and widows in their distress. ~James 1:27

1

Page 4: Orphan Calling

as a follower of christ

to help rescue

Should you Go?Should you raise Money?

who should you give the money to?

the orphans in africa

do something

But what shouldyou do?

you believe you must

Each of these

7<'9ধ329�-9�

-1638;!2;�;3�$329-&'8W�

�3>'='8T� �>3<£&�

$,!££'2+'��@3<�;3�!90�

!�9'6!8!;'�9';�3(�

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@3<�(3$<9�32�

;,'�!29>'89�;3�;,'�

�����68'=-3<9�7<'9ধ329W�����

what does the bible say about orphans?

what causedchildren to

becomeorphans?

who are orphans &

what is their reality?

what are theavailable

options fororphan care?

Which of theseoptions is in the

best interest of the child?

How do you know? ?

2

Page 5: Orphan Calling

What do you Know?Before you discover the answers to the questions, it's important

to begin with what you know.because what you know determines what you do.

As Christians, our first response should be to turn to scripture. So, that is where we will start.

�9-2+�@3<8�$<88'2;�+'2'8!£�023>£'&+'�3(�;,'��-#£'�!2&�!2@�6!8ধ$<£!8��$8-6;<8'9�'?6£!-2�>,@��,8-9ধ!29�9,3<£&�$!8'�!#3<;�386,!29W

What led you to feel personally called to care for orphans in Africa? l�-#£-$!£�$32=-$ধ32T�9'8132T�1-99-32�;8-6T�#330T�';$WSm

3

Page 6: Orphan Calling

as we move from the orphan in Scripture to the reality of the orphan today, reflect on the following questions.

How would you de9$8-#'�38�&')2'�;,'�[386,!2�$8-9-9\�-2��(8-$!S�l�,@�!8'�;,'8'�93�1!2@�386,!2'&�$,-£&8'2Sm

NowT�>8-;'�&3>2�your bes;�&')2-ধ32�3(�!2�386,!2�-2��(8-$!W

Based on your definition, imagine an individual orphan. Let’s say that his name is joseph, he is 4 years old and lives in Malawi. Draw joseph and how you picture his current reality. Feel free to include his surroundings and

words that describe him.

4

Page 7: Orphan Calling

picture Joseph a few years later after he has been

cared for by you or the people you decide to support

financially. Draw how you would picture his new reality.

include his surroundings and words that describe him.

Now that you have a picture in mind of an individual orphan and the impact you can make in his life. Imagine how you would achieve ;,-9�;8!29(381!ধ32�-2��39'6,�!2&�3;,'8�386,!29�£-0'�,-1W� (�@3<�,!&�<2£-1-;'&�)2!2$-!£�8'93<8$'9�!2&�!�;'!1�3(�6'36£'�;3�,'£6T�>,!;�would you do or build? Where would you build it? How many orphans would your ministry help? Etc. Draw your vision!

5

Page 8: Orphan Calling

isolated

Abused

starving

vuln

erab

le HIV Positive

stigmatized

in need of rescue Your second picture of

joseph might have looked

something like this:

And used

words

such as:

fed

happy

healthy

educated

rescued

accepted

loved

rejected

a few years later

And used

words

such as:

While there are orphans in Malawi and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa that >3<£&�);�;,'�&'9$8-6ধ32�3(�-93£!;'&T�!#!2&32'&T�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'T�9<868-9-2+£@�1!2@�386,!29�-2��!£!>-�!2&��(8-$!�&3�23;W��'+-22-2+�-2��'9932��T�>'�>-££�£330�&''6'8�-2;3�;,'�8'!£-;@�3(�386,!2,33&�-2��(8-$!�!2&�;,'�#!$0+83<2&9�

3(�;,'�1!/38-;@�3(�$,-£&8'2�(3<2&�£-=-2+�-2�386,!2!+'9�!2&�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'9W�

If you are like the majority of

Bible-Believing Christians in america,

you probably pictured joseph like this:

6

Page 9: Orphan Calling

When you envisioned how you would impact the life of Joseph and other Malawian orphans, you may have pictured building

something like this

or

�,'2�!2��1'8-$!2��,8-9ধ!2�(''£9�$!££'&�;3�$!8'�(38�386,!29�-2��(8-$!T�;,'@�!£139;�!£>!@9�-1!+-2'#<-£&-2+�!2�386,!2!+'�38T�138'�8'$'2;£@T�$,-£&8'2Z9

=-££!+'9W� 2�931'�-29;!2$'9T�;,-9�-9�!�=-!#£'�!2&!668368-!;'�93£<ধ32T�#<;�8'$'2;�8'9'!8$,�-9�<8+-2+���!2&�3;,'8��'9;'82�&32389�;3�13='�!>!@�(831

;,'�8'9-&'2ধ!£�13&'£�!2&�;3>!8&9�$311<2-;@�#!9'&$!8'W��'�>-££�£330�-2;3�;,'�=!8-3<9�8'9'!8$,�!2&�;,'-8

)2&-2+9�!9�>'�13='�(<8;,'8�-2;3�3<8�9;<&@W

7

Page 10: Orphan Calling

�,!;�-9�@3<8�-2-ধ!£�8'!$ধ32�;3�;,'�6399-#-£-;@�;,!;�@3<8�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�!2�386,!2�1!@�#'�-2$316£';'�38�;,!;�#<-£&-2+�!2�386,!2!+'�1!@�23;�#'�;,'�#'9;�36ধ32S

�<;,38Z9�23;'V��9�>'�13='�-2;3�;,'�2'?;�9'$ধ329�3(�3<8�9;<&@T� �<8+'�@3<�;3�'2;'8�-2�>-;,�!�9'29'�3(�36'22'99�!2&�,<1-£-;@W��@�,36'�-9�;,!;�!đ'8�$316£'ধ2+�;,-9�9;<&@�@3<�>-££�,!='�!�&''6'8�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�;,'�386,!2�$8-9-9�-2�9<#f�!,!8!2��(8-$!�!2&�!�>-&'8�023>£'&+'�#!9'�-2�38&'8�;3�1!0'�;,'�139;�9-+2-)$!2;�-16!$;�32�386,!29�!2&�;,'-8�$311<2-;@T�!9�>'££�!9�68'='2ধ2+�(<;<8'�+'2'8!ধ329�3(�386,!29W

Learn to do

right;

seek justice

.

Defend the

oppressed.

Take up the

cause of th

e fatherless

;

plead the c

ase of the w

idow.

Isaiah 1:17

REFLECTION

8

Page 11: Orphan Calling

Lesson 2

Whatdoes the bible say?

Exodus 22:22Do not take advantage of the widow or the fatherless.

Deuteronomy 10:18[God] executes ju ce for the orphan and the widow, and shows His love for the alien by giving him food and clothing.

Deuteronomy 24:17Do not deprive the foreigner or the fatherless of jus or take the cloak of the widow as a pledge.

Psalm 68:5A father to the fatherless, a defender of widows, is God in his holy dwelling.

Psalm 82:3Defend the weak and the fatherless; uphold the cause of the poor and the oppressed.

Psalm 146:9The LORD watches over the foreigner and sustains the fatherless and the widow, but he frustrates the ways of the wicked.

Jeremiah 22:3This is what the LORD says: Do what is just and right. Rescue from the hand of the oppressor the one who has been robbed. Do no wrong or violence to the foreigner, the fatherless or the widow, and do not shed innocent blood in this place. Zechariah 7:10Do not oppress the widow or the fatherless, the foreigner or the poor. Do not plot evil against each other.James 1:27Pure and unde)£ed religion in the sight of our God and Father is this: to visit

and widows in their distress, and to keep oneself unstained by the world.

Before we enter into the definition of orphans and research on orphan care, let’s begin again with Scripture. Read through the following verses and then

write down your observations on the following page.

9orphans

Page 12: Orphan Calling

Write down what you observed while reading through the scriptures on orphans:

hopefully what you observed was that the

orphans and fatherless were always found in conjunction

with widows, the poor,

or the foreigner.

Scriptural Background

In the Old Testament, the father was the head of the household. If he died unexpectedly, his widow and orphaned children were in danger of losing legal !2&�6,@9-$!£�683;'$ধ32�!9�>'££�!9�daily provisions. When a father died, it was the responsibility of the larger community to care for the widow and orphans.

WHY WAS IT SO DEVASTATING TO LOSE A PARENT IN THE OT?

1. cultural identity

2. socialization & preparation

3. Religious instruction

it was the responsibility of the parents to nurture and train their children so that they understood what it meant to be an Israelite.

parents socialized their children into their appropriate roles and trained them in the skills they would need to survive parents instructed them in the worship of

Yahweh and were the model of life and worship.

1

2

10

Page 13: Orphan Calling

In the old testament,

to do justice

It is

and compassion

the call

israel's history.

for the widows&orphansis echoed throughout

from YAHWEH to reflect his character. a demand

The Israelite community was responsible for

including the orphan and widow in

religious and other aspects of

cultural life.

Religious feasts

Families and towns were to facilitate and welcome

the involvement of the orphans in their midst at the

religious feasts. These celebrations were annual

reminders of Israel's unique corporate identity in the

world, and the orphan was not to be cut off

from this special privilege.

in James 1:27“orphans and widows” are understood as a unit, not as separate groups. For the New Testament church, they would have seen the link between what James was saying and the Old Testament mandate to care for the widows and orphans.

What aboutthe new

testament?In the nt, caring for the orphan and widow was evidence of belief in Christ.

3

4

5

6

11

Page 14: Orphan Calling

what does the bible say?

Just as the early church related James' words back to God's heart for the poor and marginalized in the Old testament, we need to connect James 1:27 to god's overall mission. God’s mandate to bring the orphan and widow into society is just one aspect of his mission of redemption seen throughout scripture. Before we zoom into the issue of orphanhood today, let’s step back and be reminded of Scripture’s Grand Narrative and our role within it.

part 2

God’s mission of reconciliation

1. creation In the beginning God created the Heavens and the earth…

T h e r e w a s p e r f e c t h a r m o n y b e t w e e n :M a n & G o dM a n & S e l fM a n & O t h e r sM a n & C r e at i o n

shalom

12

Page 15: Orphan Calling

2. the fallIn Genesis 3, Sin entered the world and… ..

W h e r e t h e r e u s e d t o b e h a r m o n y , t h e r e i s n o w a l i e n at i o n b e t w e e n :M a n & G o dM a n & S e l fM a n & O t h e r sM a n & C r e at i o n brokenness

...…tainted every aspect of God’s good creation.

sin

3. reconciliationI n G e n e s i s 1 2 , G o d d e c i d e s t o

b u i l d a n at i o n o u t o f o n e m a n s o

t h at t h i s n at i o n c o u l d pa r t i c i pat e

i n h i s m i s s i o n t h r o u g h b e i n g a

b l e s s i n g t o a l l p e o p l e . B u t … at

t h e e n d o f t h e O l d T e s ta m e n t ,

w e s e e t h at I s ra e l f a i l e d t o

a c c o m p l i s h G o d ’ s m i s s i o n .already,

but not yet kingdom

S o , G o d s e n d s h i s s o n t o b e t h e

u l t i m at e a c t o f r e d e m p t i o n

t h r o u g h h i s l i f e , d e at h , a n d

r e s u r r e c t i o n . W h e n C h r i s t

r e t u r n s , G o d ’ s m i s s i o n w i l l

b e f u l l y r e a l i z e d a n d

a l l t h i n g s w i l l b e s e t r i g h t

a g a i n . B u t , C h r i s t h a s n o t

y e t r e t u r n e d …

sin

13

Page 16: Orphan Calling

4. restoration/ redemption

When Christ returns, God’s Kingdom will be fully established and creation will be made new.

P e r f e c t h a r m o n yw i l l b e r e s t o r e db e t w e e n :M a n & G o dM a n & S e l fM a n & O t h e r sM a n & C r e at i o n

shalomrestored

He will wipe every

tear from their eyes. There will be no more death

or mourning or crying or pain, for the old order of things has

passed away. He who was seated on the throne said, “I am making everything new!”

�x�'='£!ধ32���V�f�

�9��,8-9ধ!29T�>'�@'!82�(38�the day when Christ returns and we can move from living

in an already but not yet kingdom and into God’s fully '9;!#£-9,'&�0-2+&31W��<;�<2ধ£�that day comes, what are we

called to do?

We are called to continue the mission of

God’s people to be a blessing to the world. We become a blessing to the

world when we accept our roles as peacemakers, seeking to provide the world with glimpses of Shalom.

(Shalom=the ‘already parts’ of the ‘already but not yet’ kingdom)14

Page 17: Orphan Calling

“Within the biblical story, the �,8-9ধ!2�&-9$3='89�!�$329;!2;�����$!££�(38�/<9ধ$'�32�#',!£(�3(�;,'�

>'!0�!2&�(38+3ħ'2W� 2�;,'���#-#£-$!£�;8!&-ধ32T�/<9ধ$'�-9�!2�!96'$;�3(��3&Z9�Shalom, a 23ধ32�;,!;�$!88-'9�>-;,�-;�;,'�

-&'!�3(�$316£';'2'99T�93<2&2'99T�>'££f#'-2+�!2&�68396'8-;@T�!2&�-2$£<&'9�'='8@�!96'$;�3(�£-('V�

6'8932!£T�8'£!ধ32!£T�!2&�2!ধ32!£W\

sinWhen we love our enemies, we reveal God’s Kingdom. When we help the poor, we reveal God’s Kingdom. When we protect the rights of the vulnerable, we reveal God’s Kingdom. When we care for the orphan and widow, we reveal God’s Kingdom.

glimpsesof shalom

As we reveal God’s Kingdom in our sin stained world, we can invite non-believers into the Kingdom so that they can fulfill their role as a blessing to the world.

let’s take a

closer look

at the biblical

meaning of

shalom

�9�#'£-'='89T�3<8�83£'�>-;,-2��3&Z9�

mission is to work toestablish Shalom as we 8'='!£��3&Z9�0-2+&31W�

We are to be shalom-makers, 38�6'!$'1!0'89W�

7

15

Page 18: Orphan Calling

So,how does all of this relate back to orphan care?

consider the following:

&God’s mission of

redemption is about redeeming all of creation,

not just individuals.Our role in establishing

shalom refers to all aspects of our fallen

world, not just individuals.

orphan care should involve the restorat ion

of not only the orphan, but the ir fam ily , commun ity ,

and env ironment.In the West, we value the

individual. This is

8'*'$;'&�in how we

understand the gospel

and how we tend to view orphan $!8'W

Think about how you would

share the gospel.would it sound something like

this?

“Believe that Jesus died 32�;,'�$8399�(38�

your sins and ask him into your heart so that

@3<�$!2�£-='�(38'='8�in heaven with him.”16

Page 19: Orphan Calling

while thisgospel is true

it is incomplete.

Jesus never explained the gospel in this way.

For Jesus, the goodnews was always linked

to the kingdom.Jesus said, "I must preach

the good news of the kingdom of God...for i was sent for this purpose."

Luke 4:43Just as Jesus’ life revealed the kingdom, when we bless others we reveal glimpses of the kingdom. This gives us the perfect opportunity to present the gospel to those we bless.

Therefore,our gospel

presentationshould include

the kingdom

“When you believe in Jesus and

submit to his lordship, you enter into his kingdom. You !8'�23>�!�0-2+&31�$-ধA'2R��9�

!�$-ধA'2�3(�;,-9�!£8'!&@�but not yet kingdom,

@3<�,!='�!�2'>�6<8639'R��3<�are commissioned by God to

be a blessing to the world and expand God’s kingdom by

-2=-ধ2+�3;,'89�-2;3�-;�through belief

in Jesus.”

Now, let's look athow we can applythis kingdom perspectiveto how we approach orphan care. 17

Page 20: Orphan Calling

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,'!8;W ��,'�9'$32&�-9�!�$311<!£�=-'>�>,'8'T� -2�#'£-'=-2+�-2��'9<9T �>'�'2;'8� -2;3�,-9�0-2+&31�>,'8'�3;,'8�#'£-'='89�!£8'!&@�8'9-&'W�

& Me

Me kingdom of God

Jesus

; � -9�;8<'�;,!;�>,'2�>'�#'£-'='�-2��'9<9T�,'�&>'££9� -2�<9�l�2���V��mT �#<;�;,-9� -9�32£@�6!8;�3(�;,'�+396'£W ��,'�+396'£� -92Z;�32£@�!#3<;�@3<�!2&���'9<9T�#<;�!#3<;�#'$31-2+�!�$-ধA'2�!2&�'2;'8-2+�-2;3��3&Z9�0-2+&31W�

�,'�+396'£� -2$£<&'9�/3-2-2+�>-;,�3;,'8�#'£-'='89�;3�!$$316£-9,�3<8�6<8639'�3(�#£'99-2+�3;,'89�;,83<+,�'9;!#£-9,-2+�9,!£31W

Me

kingdom of God

&JesusKingdom Citizens all

live for the samepurpose: to blessothers and expand

the kingdom18

Page 21: Orphan Calling

�<8�-2&-=-&<!£-9ধ$�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�;,'�+396'£�#£''&9�-2;3�3<893£<ধ32�(38�;,'�386,!2�$8-9-9W��<9;�!9�>'�9!>�3<89'£='9�!9�£39;�

!2&�-2�2''&�3(�8'9$<-2+�#@��'9<9T�>'�,!='�!�&'9-8'�;3�9!='�;,'�386,!2W��,'8'�>'�9''�-93£!;'&�-2&-=-&<!£9T��3&�9''9�!�$,-£&�>-;,-2�!�

#830'2�(!1-£@�!2&�$311<2-;@W��3&�&3'92Z;�32£@�>!2;�;3�8'&''1�<9T�#<;�!££�3(�$8'!ধ32W��,'8'(38'T�3<8�&'9-8'�9,3<£&�#'�;3�

,'£6�8'9;38'�;,'�386,!2�!2&�;,'-8�$311<2-;@W

"orphan" "orphan"grandma

Uncle

churchfamily

teachers

aunt

neighbors

cousinsAn individualisticunderstanding of“orphans” leads

toA communal

understanding of“orphans” leads

to

Strengthening therelationships the “orphan”

has with the variousmembers of the community

Removing the“orphan” andplacing them

into some formof residential

care.

19

Page 22: Orphan Calling

REFLECTION

�,!;�&3'9�;,-9�#-#£-$!£�6'896'$ধ='�;'££�@3<�!#3<;��3&Z9�heart and design for orphan care?

�3>�&3'9�;,-9�-16!$;�@3<8�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�386,!2�$!8'�(38�;3&!@S

Take a moment to draw a biblical picture of orphan care

20

Page 23: Orphan Calling

In Chichewa, malawi's official language,the word translated as orphan,

is derogatory.it refers to someone

relatively rare

who is disconnected, isolated, and with no one claiming tiesor responsibilities for their care and well-being.

ana amasiye,

a situation that is

DoubleOrphan

SingleOrphan

Social/Destitute

Unaccom-panied

abandoned

A child who has lost both Parents

A child who has lost only one Parent

A child living in extreme poverty whose 6!8'2;l9m�,!='�23�!$$'99�;3�232f8'9-&'2ধ!£child care

A child separated from their parentsduring war or natural disaster

��$,-£&T�<9<!££@�!2�-2(!2;T�>,3�-9�£'đ�#@�a parent or caregiver, usually in a public place 38�8'9-&'2ধ!£�-29ধ;<-32W�

categories of Orphans

the Vast majority of orphans in Africa live with relatives

98%

of Zimbabwe's orphans are living in a family setting

95%

of orphans in rural tanzania are taken care of by relatives

whois an orphan?

Lesson 31

2

3 4

21

Page 24: Orphan Calling

If the majority of orphans have parents or relatives that can care for them,

Why are they in Orphanages?85% Why?

Push & PullFactors

!1-£-'9�<9'�8'9-&'2ধ!£care as a survival strategy,

responding to bothpush and Pull factors

Push factors

Pull factors

Residential Care

5

6

Poverty

familial stress

Unemployment

Intra-Family Abuse

housing

Healthcare

Food

education

Better

Material S

upport

22

of children living in orphanages 38�3;,'8�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�,!='-&'2ধ)!#£'�!2&�;8!$'!#£'�8'£!ধ='9W

6

Page 25: Orphan Calling

Other Factors for why Children find themselves in residential care

Urbanization

War & disaster

HIV/AIDS

7

89

10

11

UrbanizationAs more & morepeople move to

;,'�$-ধes for jobs,child abandonment

is becoming a $31132�68!$ধ$'W1!2@�ধ1es this

is because familieslack the supportof their extended

families and $311<2-ধes thatthey had in theirrural villagesW�

War & DisasterOrphanages and other forms of

re9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'1<£ধ6ly in response

to the amount of children separatedfrom families due

t3�$32*-$;�38natural disastersWThese orphanagesopen their doors

to children orphaned by war

and children whosefamilies cannot

care for them due to poverty caused by

the war ordisas;'8W�

HIV/AIDSThe HIV/AIDS

pandemic causesmillions of children to

becomedouble and single

orphansW��!2@families lackthe resourcesneeded to care

f38�;,'�$,-£&8'2Wmany orphanages

are built 96'$-)$!£ly for children with

HIV/AIDSW��,-£&8'2are placed because

parents assumethey cannot care

f38�;,'1W

abuseThere areinstances

where childrenare not in

safe familiesand someform of

non-familybased careis necessar@W�

DisabilityPhysically &

�'2;!£ly disabled children are placed

in orphanagesdue to the

common belief that &-9!#-£-ধes

are evidenceof a curse on the family or the lackof knowledge

of how to carefor a child

>-;,�&-9!#-£-ধesW

PovertyPoverty isthe driving

force behind children being

placed in orphanages-2��(8-$!W

In thepoorest

$311<2-ধes, orphanges

respond to poverty and

lack of services,not lackof familyW 12

11

7

89

10

ABUSE

Disability

Poverty

23

Page 26: Orphan Calling

REFLECTION

List your new insights about who an orphan is and how!2&�>,@�;,'@�)2&�;,'19'£='9�-2�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'W

�,-20�#!$0�;3�@3<8�#-#£-$!£�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�386,!2�$!8'W��,-$,�#-#£-$!£�68-2$-6£'9�!66£@�;3�;,'�386,!2�$8-9-9�;3&!@S

24

Page 27: Orphan Calling

Even when

children have

lost both parents,

!£;'82!ধ='�(!1-£@

6£!$'1'2;�-9�

68'('8!#£'�;3

-29ধ;<ধ32!£�$!8'W

�3<�1!

@�#'�;,-2

0-2+T�

“Even if a child is not a tru

e

double orphan, is it not

#'ħ'8�(3

8�;,'1

;3�#'�-2

�!�9!('�'

2=-8321

'2;�

where they are provided

>-;,�+33

&�'&<$!

ধ32T�

health care, clothing,

and food?”

Let's take acloser look at

residential care

Lesson 4

Whatis wrong with orphanages?

1

25

Page 28: Orphan Calling

When you envisioned your orphanage at the beginning of the study, you may have pictured a children’s village 8!;,'8�;,!2�;,'�;8!&-ধ32!£�&381-;38@�9;@£'�386,!2!+'W�

There are typically��36ধ329�(38�386,!2�$!8'�-2��(8-$!WWW�

community-based care

TraditionalOrphanage

children’svillage

26

Page 29: Orphan Calling

Effects of residential careWhile not all forms of residential care are the same, the effects are similar.

attachment disorderovercrowding

limited contact with family membersstigmatization in community

lack of preparation for the future

Why is residential care Nota Good option for Children?

Children's villages

response to the

� 93£!ধ32�(831�$<£;<8'�{�$311<2-;@W����-ă$<£;@�8'-2ধ+8!ধ2+�

-2;3�93$-';@W�'!£3<9@W��'6'2&'2$@W�

There is no doubt that a child placed in a

Popular

Why is it not in the best interest of the child to live

there?

orphan Crisis. $,-£&8'2y9�=-££!+'�>3<£&�,!='�!�1<$,�#'ħ'87<!£-;@�3(�£-('�;,!2�!�$,-£&�-2�!�;8!&-ধ32!£

orphanage or even in their own community. So,

have become the most Isolation

fromcommunity

&culture

difficultyreintigrating

back intosociety

Jealousy

Dependency

Children’sVillage

[ �>!9�=-9-ধ2+�!2�386,!2!+'�;,!;�8'$'-='&�(8'7<'2;�=-9-;9�(831��1'8-$!2�!2&��8-ধ9,�$,<8$,'9W��,83<+,3<;�1@�9;!@T�$,-£&8'2�3(�!££�!+'9�>'8'�9''0-2+�'13ধ32!£�!2&�6,@9-$!£�!ħ'2ধ32�(831�3<;9-&'89�9<$,�!9�1@9'£(f,3£&-2+�3<8�,!2&9�!2&�931'ধ1'9�$£-2+-2+�;3�<9W� �>!9�$32$'82'&�#'$!<9'�$,-£&8'2�>,3�,!='�(381'&�,'!£;,@�!ħ!$,1'2;9�!8'�<9<!££@�138'�$!<ধ3<9�3(�9;8!2+'89W� �!£93�>388-'&�!#3<;�,3>�'!9-£@children that have grown up with a succession of temporary caregivers might be exploited.”�������������x�'3ø�39;'8T�6'&-!;8-$-!2T� -1#!#>'

2

3

27

Page 30: Orphan Calling

Children’s VillagesOUr Best Intentions Often have negative unintended Consequenses

�'$!<9'�1!2@�3(�;,'�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'9�'2$316!99�1<£ধ6£'�,3<9'9T�!�&-2-2+�,!££T�9$,33£9T�!2&�8'$8'!ধ32!£�(!$-£-ধ'9T�;,'@�!8'�3đ'2�#<-£;�-2�-93£!ধ32�(831�;,'�$,-£&8'29Z�(!1-£-'9�{�$311<2-ধ'9W�>,-£'�;,-9�=-££!+'f£-0'�9'ষ2+�!££3>9�(38�9!(';@�(38�;,'�$,-£&8'2T�-;�1'!29�;,!;�;,'8'�-9�23�2''&�;3�-2;'8!$;�>-;,�;,'�£!8+'8�$311<2-;@W��,'2�$,-£&8'2�'2;'8�-2;3�;,'�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'T;,'@�£39'�$322'$ধ329�;3�!2�'?;'2&'&�(!1-£@�;,!;�(3819�;,'�68-1!8@�93$-!£9!(';@�2';�(38�139;�!&<£;9�-2�ধ1'9�3(�2''&W�

Isolation

Dependency

jealousy

reintigration

Many children coming out of the $,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'9�,!='�£'!82'&T#@�23�(!<£;�3(�;,'-8�3>2T�;3�#'683('99-32!£�386,!29W��,'@�“have learned from their life '?6'8-'2$'�;,!;�931'32'�'£9'�1<9;�#'�8'96329-#£'�;3�683=-&'�;,'-8�#!9-$�2''&9W\

�3;�!££�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'9�0''6�;,'-8�children completely isolated from ;,'-8�(!1-£-'9W��31'�!££3>�;,'�children to visit their families on ,3£-&!@9W��3>'='8T�>,'2�;,'�$,-£&8'2�return home they face issues such as 9ধ+1!ধA!ধ32T�&-9$8-1-2!ধ32T�!2&�/'!£3<9@W�

"I prefer staying here than in my

=-££!+'�#'$!<9'�;,'�$311<2-;@�-9

/'!£3<9W�>,'2� �+3�,31'�(38�;,'��

,3£-&!@9T�;,'@�!£>!@9�9!@T�z�32y;�

#<@�$£3;,'9�(38�,-1�#'$!<9'�,'�

8'$'-='9�!�£3;�3(�;,-2+9Wzff�!�#3@�£-=-2+�!;�!�$,-£&8'2y9�=-££!+'�-2��!£!>-��

�'$!<9'�3(�;,'�-93£!ধ32�(831�;,'-8�(!1-£-'9T�$311<2-ধ'9T�{�$<£;<8'T�!9�>'££�!9�;,'�/'!£3<9@�;,'@�'?6'8-'2$'T�-;�-9�='8@�&-ă$<£;�(38�$,-£&8'2�;3�8'-2;'+8!;'�#!$0�-2;3�;,'-8�93$-';@W��,-£&8'2�>,3�,!='�[+8!&<!;'&\�(831�!�>'££f'9;!#£-9,'&�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'�-2��!£!>-�!8'�,!=-2+�&-ă$<£ধ'9�)2&-2+�/3#9T�!2&�;,'�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'�-9�23>�9<6638ধ2+�;,'9'�!&<£;9�6!9;�!2�!+'�;,'@�,!&�38-+-2!££@�!2ধ$-6!;'&W�

[ �&32Z;�023>�-(�@3<�,!='����=-9-;'&�;,'9'�;@6-$!£�#-3£3+-$!£�����(!1-£-'9�,'8'�-2��!£!>-W� �>-9,�1!@#'� �����������$3<£&�;!0'�@3<�;3�1@�(!1-£@�93�;,!;�1!@#'�@3<�

$3<£&�9''�1@�#-3£3+-$!£�8'£!ধ='9W�X�3<����>-££�9''�;,!;�£-('�-9�/<9;�&-ø'8'2;T����������&-ø'8'2;W��3<�>3<£&�23;�>-9,�1'�;3�9;!@�������;,'8'W� �;'££�@3<�,32'9;£@WWW@3<�>3<£&�23;�������>-9,�1'�;3�9;!@�;,'8'X��'$!<9'�>,'2� �!1������+3-2+�;3�1@�8'£!ধ='9T� �(''£�9388@�(38��������;,'1W� �>3<£&�23;�'='2�>-9,�;,'1�;3�9;!@��<2&'8�;,'�$32&-ধ329�;,'@�!8'�9;!@-2+W\

A "Graduated Orphan" from a Children's village in Malawi

�,'��,-£&8'2Z9��-££!+'T�!�$32$'6;�&'='£36'&�#@����T�<9<!££@�$329-9;9�3(�!�+83<6�3(�!#3<;���g��,3<9'9�>,-$,�(381�!�$311<2-;@�!2&�683=-&'�!�(!1-£@f£-0'�9'ষ2+�(38�=<£2'8!#£'�

$,-£&8'2W�!$,�,3<9'�-9�,'!&'&�#@�!2�����;8!-2'&�13;,'8T�>,3�;!0'9�$!8'3(�¥g���$,-£&8'2W 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

28

Page 31: Orphan Calling

1. familiesOrphanages encourage families to give up their children. �,'�='8@�'?-9;'2$'�3(�-29ধ;<ধ329�'2$3<8!+'9�(!1-£-'9�;3�6£!$'�;,'-8�$,-£&8'2�-2;3�$!8'W�,'2�(!1-£-'9�!2&�$311<2-ধ'9�!8'�!#£'�;3�$!8'�(38�386,!2&'&�$,-£&8'2T�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�9,3<£&�#'�7<'9ধ32'&W��2$'�!2�386,!+'�-9�#<-£;T�$,-£&8'2�>,3�9,3<£&�#'�>-;,�;,'-8�(!1-£-'9�!8'�6£!$'&�-2�386,!2!+'9�&<'�;3�;,'�[n6<9,�{o�6<££�'ø'$;9\W�

Orphanages draw resources away from communities.

0 10x

Uganda

Tanzania

Zimbabwe

Cost of residential care vs. Community-based Care

14xmore expensive

14x

10x

�86,!2!+'9�!2&�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'9�&8!>�(<2&-2+�!>!@�(831�9'8=-$'9�;,!;�$3<£&�9<6638;�(!1-£@�!2&�$311<2-;@f#!9'&�9<6638;W�[�3='8;@�!2&�93$-!£�'?$£<9-32T�!2&�;,'�£!$0�3(�63£-ধ$!£�!2&�)2!2$-!£�68-38-;@�+-='2�;3�#<-£&-2+�;,'�$!6!$-;@�3(�=<£2'8!#£'�(!1-£-'9�;3�$!8'�(38�!2&�683;'$;�;,'-8�3>2�$,-£&8'2T�!8'�&8-=-2+�(!$;389�#',-2&�;,'�!#!2&321'2;�3(�$,-£&8'2�-2;3�-29ধ;<ধ329W\

2. communities

3. GovernmentsOrphanages give Governments a Way Out. �$$38&-2+�;3�32'�9;<&@T�[�;�;,'�,'!8;�3(�;,'�683£-('8!ধ32�3(�-29ধ;<ধ32!£�$!8'�£-'9�!�£!$0�3(�63£-ধ$!£�>-££�;3�-2='9;�-2�;,'�139;�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2W��!8'�-29ধ;<ধ329�683=-&'�!�63£-ধ$!£�9!(';@�=!£='�(38�+3='821'2;9�;,!;�!8'�<2!#£'�g�38�<2>-££-2+�g�;3�;!$0£'�;,'�$316£'?�93$-!£!2&�'$3231-$�(!$;389�&8-=-2+�(!1-£-'9�;3�6£!$'�;,'-8�$,-£&8'2�-2;3�$!8'W��,'@�683=-&'!�,-&-2+�6£!$'�(38�;,'�>389;�$!9<!£ধ'9�3(�63='8;@T�93$-!£�'?$£<9-32�!2&&-9$8-1-2!ধ32T�!9�>'££�!9�(38�$,-£&8'2�>-;,�96'$-)$�$!8'�2''&9W\

of Residential care on families, communities, and governmentsUnintended Consequences

“If a government knows that ;,'8'�!8'�38+!2-A!ধ329�>-££-2+�;3�

���#<-£&�(!$-£-ধ'9�>,-$,�683=-&'�!�9<6639'&�

!29>'8�;3�;,'-8�386,!2�$8-9-9T�-;�1'!29�

�;,'@�&3�23;�,!='�;3�96'2&�;,'-8�)2!2$'9T�ধ1'T�38�3;,'8�8'93<8$'9�

32�93£=-2+�;,'-8�683#£'1W\

12

13

15

14

29

Page 32: Orphan Calling

REFLECTION

What surprises have you discovered in this lesson?

�'*'$;�#!$0�32�@3<8�-&'!£�93£<ধ32�;3�$31#!ধ2+�;,'�386,!2�$8-9-9W��3>�&3'9�;,-9�2'>�-2(381!ধ32�!ø'$;�@3<8�38-+-2!£�=-9-32S

(�9;<&-'9�,!='�9,3>2�;,!;�£!$0�3(�8'93<8$'9T�23;�£!$0�3(�(!1-£@T�-9�;,'�1!-2�8'!932�>,@�$,-£&8'2�!8'�6£!$'&�-2�386,!2!+'9�!2&�;,!;�386,!2!+'9�,!='�2'+!ধ='�-16!$;9�32�;,'�$,-£&8'2�!2&�;,'-8�$311<2-ধ'9T�>,@�!8'�386,!2!+'9�!2&�3;,'8�(3819�3(�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�9ধ££�#'-2+�#<-£;�l1!2@�#@��-#£'f#'£-'=-2+��,8-9ধ!29mS

30

Page 33: Orphan Calling

It’s in our blood.

��������-2$'��329;!2ধ2'T�;,'��'9;'82��,8-9ধ!2��,<8$,�,!9�#''2�!$ধ='�-2�683=-&-2+�$!8'�(38�386,!2'&T�!#!2&32'&T�38�&'9ধ;<;'�$,-£&8'2W

�������[�<8-2+�;,'�$3£32-!£�6'8-3&T�8'£-+-3<9�38&'89�#83<+,;�>-;,�;,'1�23;�/<9;�!�$32$'82�(38�;,'�&'68-='&�!2&�!�$311-;1'2;�;3�;,'�683=-9-32�3(�,'!£;,�!2&�'&<$!ধ32T�#<;�6399-#£@�!£93�!2�-29ধ;<ধ32!£�(8!1'�3(�8'('8'2$'�9;'11-2+�(831�;,'-8�3>2�'?6'8-'2$'�3(�8'9-&'2ধ!£�£-=-2+W\� ��������,8-9ধ!29�,!='�!�£32+�,-9;38@�3(�$!8-2+�(38�386,!29�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2W��<8�,'83'9�!8'��'38+'��Ü££'8�!2&�,-9�386,!2!+'9�(38�$,-£&8'2�-2�2+£!2&�!2&��1@��!81-$,!'£�!2&�,'8�>380�-2� 2&-!W

�������'9;'82��-99-32!8-'9�!2&�$3£32-!£�+3='821'2;9�-2;83&<$'&�;,'�$32$'6;�3(�386,!2!+'9�&<8-2+�;,'�'!8£@���;,�$'2;<8@�-2�&'='£36-2+�$3<2;8-'9T�1!2@�-2�9<#f�!,!8!2��(8-$!W

What makes Christians want to build orphanages?

whydo we build orphanages?

Lesson 5

�,-£'�386,!2

!+'9�>'8'

#'-2+�-2;83&

<$'&�-2��(8

-$!T�#!$0

,31'�386,!

2!+'9�>'8'

�#'-2+

6,!9'&�3<;�

#'$!<9'�;,'

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8-!;'W

1

2

3

4

31

Page 34: Orphan Calling

unawareof options

Westernchristianworldview

When an American sees pictures of or meets an orphan in person, we have a deep desire to “save” or [8'9$<'\�;,'1W����,8-9ধ!2��1'8-$!2�>3<£&�(''£�!2�'='2�+8'!;'8�-16<£9'�&<'�;3�;,'-8�8'£-+-3<9�$32=-$ধ329W�������9��,8-9ধ!29�>'�#'£-'='�;,!;�>,'2�>'�9'8='T�>'�!8'�#'-2+�;,'�,!2&9�!2&�('';�3(��,8-9;�<2&'8�;,'�guidance of God. We are taught that through faith in �,8-9;T�-2&-=-&<!£9�$!2�3='8$31'�['!8;,£@�3#9;!$£'9T�-2$£<&-2+�$<£;<8'W\�������9��1'8-$!29T�>'�,!='�='8@�&-ø'8'2;�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�!&'7<!;'�£-=-2+�$32&-ধ329W�38�'?!16£'T�-(�!�&3238�(831�!�,-+,�8'93<8$'�$3<2;8@�=-9-;9�!2��(8-$!2�=-££!+'�!2&�9''9�9-?�$,-£&8'2�#'-2+�$!8'&�(38�#@�!�+8!2&13;,'8�-2�!�9;8!>�,<;�>,'8'�$,-£&8'2�!8'�6£!@-2+�-2�;,'�&-8;�>-;,3<;�9,3'9T�;,'�8'!$ধ32�1-+,;�#'�32'�3(�&-91!@T�shock, or concern.�������<8��,8-9ধ!2f�1'8-$!2�>38£&=-'>�£'!&9�<9�;3�#'£-'='�;,!;�-(�>'�$!2�/<9;�8'13='�!2�386,!2�(831�;,'-8�$<88'2;�8'!£-ধ'9�3(�9-$02'99T�63='8;@T�,<2+'8T�=-3£'2$'T�';$�!2&�6£!$'�;,'1�-2�!�683;'$;'&�'2=-8321'2;�>,'8'�;,'@�8'$'-='�9$,33£-2+�l8'£-+-3<9�!2&�;8!&-ধ32!£mT�;8!-2-2+T�!2&�&-9$-6£-2'T�;,'@�>-££�#'�13£&'&�-2;3�[£'!&'89�3(�;,'�(<;<8'W\

������,'�1'2;!£�6-$;<8'�3(�9'ষ2+�<6�£!8+'�386,!2!+'9�-9�9ধ££�-2�;,'��,8-9ধ!2�1-2&9';�!9�;,'�#'9;�>!@�;3�serve orphans.

5

6

7

8

32

Page 35: Orphan Calling

PerceivedDonor desires

What Donors and Churches Desire

What Orphanages provideDonors and Churches

Orphanages and, more recently, children’s villagesmeet the perceived desires of donors and churches.

1. Seeing something that ��-9�$32$8';'T�&')2!#£'T�1'!9<8!#£'T�=-9-#£'W�W���6£!$'�;3�=-9-;�-2�person and to senda short-term team�W���9-2+£'�£3$!ধ32�>,'8'�they can see the impact of ;,'-8�ধ1'�!2&�132'@

�W�Y�86,!2'&Z�$,-£&8'2�����>,3�$!2�Y$!6;<8'�,'!8;9T�����1-2&9T�!2&�&3££!89Z�W���$£'!2T�1!2-$<8'&� photo opportunity�W�9'29'�3(�9!ধ9(!$ধ32� that they are making a ����&-ø'8'2$'�-2�;,'�£-='9�����3(�$,-£&8'2

“When good-hearted 6'36£'�,'!8�!#3<;�;,'�

extraordinary need in Africa, it’s not uncommon for them ;3�>!2;�;3�&3�931';,-2+

#-+�!2&�&8!1!ধ$W\ 9

33

Page 36: Orphan Calling

REFLECTION

�3�@3<�!+8''�>-;,�;,'�8'!9329�68'9'2;'&�3(�>,@��,8-9ধ!2fAmericans desire to build orphanages? Why or why not?

What genuine reasons are evident? Were there any misguided reasons that you saw?

Which of the 4 reasons would you like to see changed in 636<£!8��,8-9ধ!2f�1'8-$!2�$<£;<8'S��,!;�9;'69�$31'�;3�mind that could achieve this change?

34

Page 37: Orphan Calling

Lesson 6

If Notthen what?

orphanages,

B u i l d i n g M o r e o r p h a n a g e s i s n o t a h e a l t h y s o l u t i o n f o r

a f r i c a ' s o r p h a n c r i s i s . H ow e v e r ,

Y o u m a y b e t h i n k i n g ,

“ If not orphanages, then what?”

The answer to that question is

World Vision defines

a s " a l t e r n at i v e s t o i n s t i t u t i o n a l c a r e ,

FAmily CareThat is monitored & supported by

the surrounding community"

encompass ing alternat ive efforts

Community-

based care

To avoid an Institutionalatmosphere & move

Toward

Community-Based Care!

35

1

Page 38: Orphan Calling

�,-£'��311<2-;@f�!9'&��!8'�>-££�£330�&-ø'8'2;�in each community and for each child, there are )='�1!-2�>!@9�;,!;�-;�-9�$!88-'&�3<;W�

Each of the methods listed above can be an 'ø'$ধ='�>!@�3(�$!8-2+�(38�386,!29�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2W��3>'='8T�38+!2-A!ধ329�9<$,�!9��38£&��-9-32�,!='�$8'!;'&�!�Y�-'8!8$,@�3(��!8'Z�6£!$-2+�!�,-+,'8�68-38-;@�32�$'8;!-2�!6683!$,'9W�

K i n s h i p C a r e

C h i l d-H e a d e d

H o u s e h o l dG r o u ph o m e s

F o s t e rC a r e

F a m i l yS u p p o r t a n d

S t r e n g t h e n i n g

1.2.3.4.5.

Create your own hierarchy of care by ranking each approach, #1 being the most important.

Hierarchy of Care

36

2

Page 39: Orphan Calling

Compare your Ranking with World Vision's Hierarchy of Care:

K i n s h i p C a r e

C h i l d- H e a d e dH o u s e h o l d

G r o u p h o m e s

F o s t e r C a r e

F a m i l y S u p p o r t a n dS t r e n g t h e n i n g

How did you do? �-&�@3<8��-'8!8$,@�3(��!8'�&-ø'8�(831��38£&��-9-32Z9S��3>�93S

37

Page 40: Orphan Calling

PreventativeCommunity-Based Care

�!2@��(8-$!2�$,-£&8'2�-2�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�,!='!;�£'!9;�32'�£-=-2+�6!8'2;W� (�>'�#'£-'='�;,-9�;3#'�;8<'T�;,'2�>'�9,3<£&�1!0'�'='8@�'ø38;�;3�9<6638;�6!8'2;9�!2&�0''6�(!1-£-'9�;3+';,'8W�!1-£@�9;8'2+;,'2-2+�&-ø'89�(831�;,'�3;,'8�(3<8�!6683!$,'9T�#'$!<9'�8!;,'8�;,!2�8'9632&-2+�;3�;,'�386,!2�$8-9-9T�-;�9''09�;3�68'='2;�-;W

Do you remember Joseph from Lesson 1? Imagine that you had met Joseph when you >'8'�=-9 -ধ2+�!2�386,!2!+'� -2��!£!>-W ��9�@3<�96'2;�ধ1'�>-;,�,-1T�@3<�#'+!2!90-2+�,-1�7<'9ধ329T �!2&�@3<�&-9$3='8'&�;,!;��39'6,� -9 �23;�!$;<!£ £@�!2�386,!2W ��'�,!9�!�131�!2&�!�&!&T �!9�>'£ £ �!9�;>3�3£&'8�9 -#£ -2+9W ��,'2�@3<�!90'&�;,'�386,!2!+'�&-8'$;38�!#3<;��39'6,Z9�(!1-£@T �@3<� £'!82'&�;,!;�,-9 �13;,'8� -9 �9 -$0�>-;,� ���!2&�,-9�&!&�,!9� £'đ�;3�)2&�>380�!9�!2�<290- £ £'&� £!#38'8�93�;,!;�,'�$!2!ø38&�9$,33£�(''9�(38�,-9 �;>3�3£&'8�$,- £&8'2W ��,'2��39'6,�>!9�#382T �,-9 �parents did not have the money to $!8'�(38�,-1T�93�;,'�386,!2!+'�3ø'8'&�;3�;!0'�,-1�-2W �

FamilyStrengtheningand Support

38

Page 41: Orphan Calling

DefiningFamily Strengthening& Support

Family Strengthening is a l l about keeping chi ldren in their(!1-£ -'9�!2&�68'='2ধ2+�;,'1�(831�'2&-2+�<6� -2�8'9-&'2ধ!£ �$!8'W

There are two types of prevention:

d e v e l o p m e n t a l & r e s p o n s i v e

Developmental Prevention -9 �&')2'&�!9V �[!6683!$,'9�>,-$,�-2*<'2$'�;,'�$-8$<19;!2$'9�3(�$311<2-ধ'9T �(!1-£ -'9T �!2&�$,- £&8'2�93�!9�;3�&-1-2-9,�;,'� £ -0'£ -,33&�;,!;�$,- £&8'2�>-£ £ �2''&�;3�'2;'8�-29ধ;<ধ32!£ �38�3;,'8�(3819�3(�9<#9ধ;<;'�$!8'W\

Responsive Prevention -9 �&')2'&�!9V �[!�138'�96'$-)$9';�3(�!6683!$,'9�>,-$,�!-1�;3� -2*<'2$'�;,'�9-;<!ধ32�3(�(!1-£ -'9�>,'8'�!�;!2+-#£'6399-#- £ -;@�3(�(!1-£@�#8'!0&3>2�!£8'!&@�'?-9;9W\Examples: 1-$83f£3!29T �$3<29'£ -2+T �� �c� ���$!8'f+-='89T �6!@-2+�9$,33£�(''9T �(8''�9$,33£ � £<2$,T �';$W

Examples: (8''�'&<$!ধ32�l68'f9$,33£ T �68-1!8@T �!2&�9'$32&!8@m T �(8''�$,- £&$!8'T �$311<2-;@�$'2;'8T$311<2-;@�9<6638;T �!$$'99�;3,'!£;,$!8'T �$ £'!2�>!;'8T �!2&�9!(',3<9-2+T �';$W �

Simply put, family strengthening can be defined as “a range of measures (or approaches) to ensure the support of children and families in the community.” �330�#!$0�!;�>,@��39'6,�>!9� £ -= -2+� -2�8'9-&'2ধ!£ �$!8'W �!1-£@�9;8'2+;,'2-2+�>3<£&�,!='�!£ £3>'&��39'6,�;3�9;!@� -2�,-9 �(!1-£@W �

What developmental and responsive approaches would have strengthened and supported Joseph’s family? 39

3

4

5

Page 42: Orphan Calling

Non-PreventativeCommunity-Based Care

[�-29,-6�$!8'�-9�!�(381�3(�!£;'82!ধ='�$!8'�;,!;�-9�family based, within the child’s extended familyor with close friends of the family known to the child.”

Kinship Care

Kinship Care is themost prevalent and

most indigenous modelof alternative care

throughout the world.

Kinship Careincludes: aunts,

uncles, grandparents,members of their tribe,

godparents, step-parents,or any adult who has a

kinship bond with the child.

�38£&��-9-32�&')2'9�(39;'8�$!8'�!9�[$!8'�(38�$,-£&8'2-2�!�,3<9',3£&�!6!8;�(831�;,'-8�(!1-£@T�!9�&')2'&�#@the culture.” Foster care can be both informal and formal:

Foster Care Informal Formal

refers to “any private arrangement provided in a family environment, whereby the child is £330'&�!đ'8�32�!2�32+3-2+�38�-2&')2-;'�#!9-9�#@�8'£!ধ='9�38�(8-'2&9T�!;�;,'�-2-ধ!ধ='�3(�;,'�$,-£&T�their parents, or other persons.”

refers to “arrangementsthat have been orderedor authorized by a $316';'2;�!&1-2-9;8!ধ='body or judicial authority. It usually involves an assessment of the suitabilityof the family for the child and possibly the provision of some 0-2&�3(�$32ধ2<-2+�9<66638;and monitoring.”

is the endgoal of

F a m i l yr e u n i f i c a t i o n

f o s t e r c a r e40

6

7

8

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Page 43: Orphan Calling

The &'&!',f&£-,$�9'2('&�'=!-2 �323��$;�,;-!,3<9',3£&9�!9�[!�,3<9',3£&�-2�>,-$,�!�@3<;,�l;@6-$!££@�!2�3£&'8�9-#£-2+mT�!99<1'9�;,'�68-1!8@8'96329-#-£-;@�(38�;,'�&!@f;3f&!@�8<22-2+�3(�;,',3<9',3£&T�683=-&-2+�!2&�$!8-2+�(38�;,39'�>-;,-2;,'�,3<9',3£&W\���!2@�3(�;,'9'�,3<9',3£&9�8'$'-='[9<6638;�3ø'8'&�#@�;,'�£3$!£�$311<2-;@�!2&c38�#@'?;'82!£�!+'2;9W\�

Child-headedhousehold

�,'�2<1#'8�3(�$,-£&f,'!&'&�,3<9',3£&9�;,83<+,3<;��(8-$!�-9�<2023>2W��,!;�>'�&3�023>�-9�;,!;�;,'8'�!8'�138'�$,-£&f,'!&'&�,3<9',3£&9�-2�<8#!2-A'&�$3<2;8-'9�9<$,�!9� -1#!#>'�!2&� !1#-!�;,!2�-2�68'&31-2!2;£@�8<8!£�93$-'ধ'9�£-0'��!2A!2-!T�>,'8'�9!(';@�2';9�!8'�#'ħ'8�68'9'8='&W�

�!=-&��3£(8''T�!�£'!&-2+�'?6'8;�32�386,!2�$!8'T�&')2'9�+83<6�,31'9�!9�[!�;@6'�3(�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�-2�>,-$,�!�91!££�+83<6�3(�$,-£&8'2�£-='�-2�!�,3<9'�;,!;�-9�!£139;�<2&-9ধ2+<-9,!#£'�(831�3;,'89�-2�;,'�2'-+,#38,33&T�!2&�!8'�$!8'&�(38�-2�!2�'2=-8321'2;�;,!;�-9�!9�(!1-£@f£-0'�!9�6399-#£'W\��

Grouphomes

2�38&'8�;3�#'�!2�'ø'$ধ='�1';,3&

group homes

1<9;�#'>-;,-2�;,'�$311<2-;@

Reflection �đ'8�8'!&-2+�;,83<+,�;,'�&')2-ধ329�3(�;,'�=!8-3<9�!6683!$,'9�;3��311<2-;@f�!9'&��!8'T�&3�@3<�,!='�!�#'ħ'8�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�;,'-8�6£!$'1'2;9�-2�;,'�,-'8!8$,@�3(�$!8'S�,!;�!8'�@3<8�-2-ধ!£�;,3<+,;9�32�;,'�=!8-3<9�!6683!$,'9�;3�$311<2-;@f#!9'&�$!8'S

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Page 44: Orphan Calling

�,@�-9��311<2-;@f�!9'&��!8'�!�#'ħ'8�36ধ32�(38�386,!29T�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2T�!2&�;,'-8�$311<2-ধ'9S��,'�$,!8;�#'£3>�9,3>9�,3>�'!$,�2'+!ধ='�-16!$;�3(��'9-&'2ধ!£��!8'�-9�!=3-&'&�through Community-Based Care.

A betterapproachto orphan care

Community-Based Care�'9-&'2ধ!£��!8'�W��8'!;'9�!ħ!$,1'2;�&-938&'8 �W��,-£&8'2�8'1!-2�-2�;,'�$329-9;'2;

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�W��='8$83>&-2+ �W��,-£&8'2�£-='�-2�!�(!1-£@�9'ষ2+

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�W��ধ+1!ধA!ধ32�-2�;,'�$311<2-;@ �W��,-£&8'2�!8'�!�6!8;�3(�;,'�$311<2-;@

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¤W��8'!;'9�!�9'29'�3(�&'6'2&'2$@ ¤W��,-£&8'2�£'!82�;3�#'�683&<$ধ='1'1#'89�3(�;,'-8�(!1-£@�!2&�$311<2-;@

�W� 93£!ধ32�(831�$<£;<8'�!2&$311<2-;@

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�W��'-2ধ+8!ধ32�-2;3�93$-';@ �W��,-£&8'2�!8'�!£8'!&@�-2;'+8!;'&-2�;,'-8�93$-';@

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What aboutadoption?

�3<�1!@�,!='�23ধ$'&�;,!;�!&36ধ32�-9�23;�(3<2&�-2��38£&��-9-32Z9��-'8!8$,@�3(��!8'W���8'!932�(38�;,-9-9�;,!;�!&36ধ32�;@6-$!££@�-2=3£='9�8'13=-2+�!�$,-£&(831�;,'-8�$311<2-;@T�!2&��38£&��-9-32Z9�(3$<9�-9�32�9;8'2+;,'2-2+�!�$311<2-;@Z9�$!6!$-;@�;3�$!8'�(38;,'-8�3>2�$,-£&8'2�;,83<+,�$311<2-;@�&'='£361'2;W�

�,-£'�0''6-2+�!�$,-£&�-2�;,'-8�(!1-£@�!2&�$311<2-;@�9,3<£&�!£>!@9�#'�)89;�68-38-;@T�;,'8'�!8'�-29;!2$'9�>,'2�;,-9�-9�23;�6399-#£'W� ;�-9�-2�;,'9'�$!9'9�>,'2�+3='821'2;9�1<9;�9;'6�-2�!2&�683=-&'�9!('�!2&�';,-$!£�36ধ329�(38�;,'9'�$,-£&8'2W�

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Page 46: Orphan Calling

Uganda’salternative care framework

�,'�[�£;'82!ধ='��!8'��+!2&!\�>'#9-;'�9;!;'9T

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2 n d R e s p o n s e :E m e r g e n c y

c a r e

3 r d R e s p o n s e :r e u n i f i c at i o na n d k i n s h i p

c a r e

4 t h R e s p o n s e :F o s t e rc a r e

5 t h R e s p o n s e :D o m e s t i ca d o p t i o n

6 t h R e s p o n s e :i n t e r n at i o n a l

a d o p t i o n

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D o m e s t i ca d o p t i o n

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i n t ' la d o p t i o n

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1 s t R e s p o n s e :K e e p f a m i l i e s

t o g e t h e r

44

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Page 47: Orphan Calling

4

REFLECTION

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45

Page 48: Orphan Calling

Lesson 7

Whatare the best practices?

Now that you have been introduced to Community-Based Care and >,@�-;�-9�!�#'ħ'8�36ধ32T�@3<�1!@�#'�>32&'8-2+�>,!;�-;�!$;<!££@�£3309�£-0'�32�;,'�+83<2&W�

2��'9932��2'T�@3<�&8'>�!�6-$;<8'�3(�@3<8�=-9-32�(38�386,!2�$!8'W� ;�>!9�683#!#£@�!�6-$;<8'�;,!;�@3<�,!&�#''2�90';$,-2+�-2�@3<8�,'!&�(38�7<-;'�!�>,-£'W��,-9�+<-&'�,!9�23>�!90'&�@3<�;3�9,-đ�+'!89�!2&�$,!2+'�;,!;�=-9-32W

2�;,-9�£'9932T�@3<�>-££�#'�68'9'2;'&�>-;,�#'9;�68!$ধ$'9�-2��311<2-;@f�!9'&��!8'W� (�-;�-9�;8<'�;,!;�>,!;�@3<�023>�&';'81-2'9�>,!;�@3<�&3T�@3<8�!6683!$,�;3�386,!2c=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2�l���m�$!8'�9,3<£&�#'�$,!2+-2+�(831�@3<8�38-+-2!£�=-9-32W

�,'2�@3<�#'+!2�;,-9�+<-&'T�@3<�,!&�!�£-1-;'&�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�386,!29�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2W��,'8'(38'T�@3<8-2-ধ!£�!6683!$,�;3�����$!8'�>!9�£-1-;'&W��,'�;33£9@3<�>-££�+!-2�-2�;,-9�£'9932�>-££�'?6!2&�@3<8023>£'&+'�32�,3>�;3�&3�����$!8'�>'££T�!2&T!9�!�8'9<£;T�@3<8�-16!$;�32�;,'�£-='9�3(�$,-£&8'2>-££�#'�+8'!;'8W�

expand your knowledge.

expand your impact.

Limited Knowledge

= limited impact.

46

Page 49: Orphan Calling

Best PracticesCommunity-Based Care takes on many forms, but no matter what approach

you take there are parameters that should be followed.

4

1. alwaysstart with

famil ies

2. createa nurturing

familyenv ironment

4.every decis ion

should be based

on the best

interest of the

ch ild

3. poverty is nota suff ic ient

reason to removea child from their family

“Scripture, common sense, and years of academic research are all in agreement on this fundamental truth: children grow best in families... The best and most important way for the Church to respond to the needs oforphans and vulnerable children is to strengthen families to provide for their care.”

Every child deserves to grow up in a family. If a child has lost their 6!8'2;9�38�-(�£-=-2+�>-;,�;,'-8�6!8'2;9�-9�23;�!2�36ধ32T�'='8@�'ø38;�9,3<£&be made to place the child in a stable, nurturing family environment.

According to the UN Guidelines, “All decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis...and must be grounded in the best interests and rights of the child.”

Financial and material poverty should never be the only reason for removing a child from their family. It should also never be the reason(38�!$$'6ধ2+�!�$,-£&�-2;3�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�38�68'='2ধ2+�!�$,-£&�(8318'<2-ধ2+�>-;,�;,'-8�(!1-£@W�

shows the various responses to the root causes 3(�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2W��8!&-ধ32!££@T�23�1!ħ'8�;,'�833;�$!<9'T�;,'�8'96329'�>!9�;,'�9!1'V�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'W���3>'='8T�-;�-9�-1638;!2;�;3�!90�;,'�8-+,;�7<'9ধ329�;3�1!0'�9<8'�&'$-9-329�!8'�1!&'�#!9'&�32�;,'�#'9;�-2;'8'9;�3(�'!$,�$,-£&T����������������������������������������������������������!£>!@9 beginning with their����������������������������������������������������(!1-£-'9W�

On the next page �����-9�!�*3>� chart which

47

1

2

3

4

Page 50: Orphan Calling

HIV/AIDS

disability urban-ization

War/Disaster

root causesof orphans/vulnerable childrentraditionalwesternresponse toroot causes ofvulnerabilityAlternative care options for vulnerablechildren

Key

Responses to the root causes oforphans and vulnerable children

Residentialcare

Children'svillage

GroupHome

Yes No

Is it currently

safe for the child to live with their

parent?

Yes

No

Does thechild have an

extended familymember who

can care for them?

No

YesKinshipCare

Is therea family in the

child’s communityor country

who can carefor the child?

Yes

NoYesNo

Has the child

experiencedabuse ortrauma

FosterCare

KinshipCare

Familyreunification

transitionthe child

into apermanent

family

transitional

Familystrengthening

prov

ide

speci

aliza

ed

coun

selin

g or

serv

ices

throug

h an

ethica

l adopt

ion

agency

throughcommunity support

When it is safe,

transition thechild backto theirfamily

withcommunity support

should be a

temporary

solution

with ongoing

assess

ment

and suppo

rt

with ongoing

assessment

and support

Only as a

last R

esort

only in

emergency

situations

Any form of

long-term

institutional care

should not be an

Option

DomesticAdoption

FosterCare

only in

emergency

situations

Does the Child have a parent?

Poverty

IF the

child was in

residential care

InternationalAdoption

1st

response

with on

going

asses

smen

t

and s

uppor

t

2nd best

Respon

se

1st option:Family

2nd option: kinship care

3rd option: domestic adoption

4th option:Int’l adoption

(via foster care)

(via foster care)

48

Page 51: Orphan Calling

4

5. The ch ildshould be a part

of the decis ionmaking process

6. Make everyeffort to keep

the ch ild in the ir own culture and community

8. Avo id any

potential for

discrim ination/

stigmatization

7. s ibl ingsshouldbe kepttogether

When a child is unable to remain in their family, it is important to -2=3£='�;,'1�-2�;,'�683$'99�3(�&';'81-2-2+�;,'�#'9;�!£;'82!ধ='�$!8'36ধ32�(38�;,'1W�[�33�3đ'2T�$,-£&8'2�!8'�6£!$'&�-2�!£;'82!ধ='�$!8'without fully understanding why, or without being given a chance to'?68'99�;,'-8�36-2-329W\�

2�38&'8�;3�$!<9'�!9�£-ħ£'�&-98<6ধ32�-2�;,'�£-='9�3(�$,-£&8'2�!9�6399-#£'T�it is important for them to remain in familiar surroundings and keep;,'-8�$<88'2;�ধ'9�;3�;,'-8�$311<2-;@W��,-9�-9�'96'$-!££@�-1638;!2;�-((!1-£@�8'<2-)$!ধ32�-9�!�6399-#-£-;@W��,'�+3!£�9,3<£&�#'�;3�[1-2-1-A'�&-98<6ধ32�3(�n;,'�$,-£&Z9o�'&<$!ধ32!£T�$<£;<8!£�!2&�93$-!£�£-('W\

�,'2�&'$-9-329�!8'�#'-2+�1!&'�!#3<;�!£;'82-='�$!8'T�'='8@�'ø38;9,3<£&�#'�1!&'�;3�0''6�9-#£-2+9�;3+';,'8W��

9. incorporate

Community-Based

care into

community

development

Best Practices Continued: .

(�!�$,-£&�1<9;�#'�6£!$'&�-2�!�(381�3(�!£;'82!ধ='�$!8'T�[96'$-!£�'ø38;99,3<£&�#'�1!&'�;3�;!$0£'�&-9$8-1-2!ধ32�32�;,'�#!9-9�3(�;,'�$,-£&�38�6!8'2;9W\���,-£&8'2�9,3<£&�#'�=-'>'&�23;�!9�386,!29T�#<;�!9�(!1-£@�!2&community members regardless of their ethnicity, HIV/AIDS status, 8'£-+-32T�&-9!#-£-;@T�38�!2@�3;,'8�8'!932W���

[ 2;'8='2ধ329�(38�!£;'82!ধ='�$!8'�9,3<£&�#'�!�6!8;�3(�!�£!8+'8$311<2-;@�&'='£361'2;�'ø38;�;,!;�-2$8'!9'9�!�$311<2-;@Z9�3>2knowledge and ability to care for the most vulnerable individuals-2�;,'-8�$311<2-;@W\

49

5

6

7

8

9

Page 52: Orphan Calling

4

10. Ensure that external support does not undermine

community in it iat iveand motivation

“Serious concerns have been raised in some countries that new, &3238f&8-='2�'ø38;9�>-££�;!0'�;,'�6£!$'�3(�£3$!£�'ø38;9�!2&�;,!;&3238�9<6638;�>-££�23;�$32ধ2<'�3='8�;,'�£32+f;'81W��,'2�&3238938�38+!2-A!ধ329�!8'�68'6!8'&�;3�683=-&'�£-1-;'&�!13<2;9�3(�9<6638;(38�1!2@�@'!89T�-;�-9�6399-#£'�;3�&'='£36�'ø'$ধ='T�32+3-2+�6!8;2'89,-69>-;,�$311<2-;@�+83<69�>,39'�$311-;1'2;�-9�23;�#!9'&�32�;,'�!=!-£!#-£-;@�3(�3<;9-&'�!99-9;!2$'W\�

Best Practices Continued:

REFLECTION

Did any of the guidelines surprise you? Which guidelines, if any, do you have 8'9'8=!ধ329�!#3<;�38�&-9!+8''�>-;,S

�2'�3(�;,'�1!-2�'£'1'2;9�3(��311<2-;@f�!9'&��!8'�-9�$311<2-;@�3>2'89,-6W��,!;�!8'�@3<8�-2-ধ!£�;,3<+,;9�32����Z9�!2&�!-;,f#!9'&�38+!2-A!ধ329�;!0-2+�!�#!$0�9'!;�!2&�£'ষ2+�;,'�$311<2-ধ'9�;!0'�;,'�£'!&S

50

10

Page 53: Orphan Calling

best practicesWhen remain ing in the ir family is not an option and alternative care is needed,

there is another set of Best Practices that should be followed.

4

1. Formalizethecare

2. Prov idesupport forcaregivers

3. mobil izethe communityand recruit

local famil ies

�!2@�ধ1'9T�$311<2-;@f#!9'&�$!8'�9<$,�!9�0-29,-6�$!8'T�$,-£&f,'!&'&,3<9',3£&9T�!2&�(39;'8�$!8'�!8'�23;�(381!£-A'&W��<£;<8!££@T�>,'2�!�$,-£&-9�386,!2'&�-2�9<#f�!,!8!2��(8-$!T�!�9<8=-=-2+�8'£!ধ='�;!0'9�;,'1�-2W��@6-$!££@�>,'2�;,-9�,!66'29T�;,'8'�!8'�23�(381!£�!88!2+'1'2;9�1!&'W�

�đ'2T�;,'�8'£!ধ='9�!2&�3;,'8�$!8'+-='89�>,3�!+8''�;3�;!0'�-2�;,'$,-£&�!8'�!£8'!&@�9;8<++£-2+�;3�683=-&'�(38�;,'-8�3>2�$,-£&8'2W��@�683=-&-2+/3#�;8!-2-2+T�1-$83f)2!2$-2+�38�3;,'8�)2!2$-!£�9<6638;T�@3<�$!2�9;8'2+;,'2;,'-8�$!6!$-;@�;3�$!8'�(38�;,'�$,-£&W��đ'2ধ1'9T�$!8'+-='89�!8'�!£93�-2�2''&�3(�'13ধ32!£�!2&�96-8-;<!£�9<6638;T�!9�>'££�!9�;8!-2-2+�-2�,3>�;3�683=-&''13ধ32!£�9<6638;�(38�;,'�$,-£&W��

2�1!2@��(8-$!2�$311<2-ধ'9T�(381!£-A'&�$!8'�-9�!�(38'-+2�$32$'6;W��'$!<9'3(�;,-9�-;�-9�-1638;!2;�;3�'&<$!;'�!2&�13#-£-A'�;,'�$311<2-;@W��311<2-;@1'1#'89�6£!@�!�$8<$-!£�83£'�-2�&'='£36-2+�'ø'$ধ='�!£;'82!ধ='�$!8'�683+8!19�#'$!<9'�;,'@V

for alternative care

381!£-A!ধ32-2$£<&'9V

381!£-A-2+$!8'�>-££V

�83=-&'�$!8'+-='89�>-;,�!$$'99�;3�9<6638;�9'8=-$'9W 9;!#£-9,�132-;38-2+�1'$,!2-9193(�683;'$ধ32T�>,-$,�8'&<$'9�;,'8-90�3(�!#<9'T�'?6£3-;!ধ32T�!2&2'+£'$;W�

2$3<8!+'9�+3='821'2;9�;3�;!0'�8'96329-#-£-;@�(38�$!8-2+(38�;,'-8�$3<2;8@Z9�$,-£&8'2W�

�$8''2-2+�6399-#£'�8'£!ধ='9�!2&�!99'99-2+�;,'-8�$!6!$-;@�!2&�>-££-2+2'99�;3�$!8'�(38�;,'�$,-£&W

�8!-2-2+�(38�$!8'+-='89�93�;,!;�;,'@$!2�683=-&'�;,'�#'9;�6399-#£'�$!8'(38�;,'�$,-£&W

�2+3-2+�132-;38-2+�3(�;,'�$,-£&!2&�;,'-8�$<88'2;�£-=-2+�9-;<!ধ32W

�!2�683=-&'�023>£'&+'�3(�;,'�$<£;<8!£�!2&�93$-';!£�23819

�!2�,'£6�68313;'�!�9'29'�3(�$311<2-;@�8'96329-#-£-;@�;3�;!0'�$!8'�3(����W

�8'�;,'�139;�7<!£-)'&�;3�-&'2ধ(@�;,'�139;=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2�-2�;,'�$311<2-;@!2&�£3=-2+�(!1-£-'9�;3�;!0'�;,'�$,-£&�-2W�

�!2�6£!@�!2�-1638;!2;�83£'�-2�132-;38-2+�;,'�$,-£&�32$'�;,'@�,!='�#''2�6£!$'&�>-;,�!�(!1-£@W� 51

11

12

13

Page 54: Orphan Calling

�!9'&�32�'!$,�$,-£&Z9�$-8$<19;!2$'9T�;,'�+3!£�3(�;,'-8�!£;'82!ধ='�$!8'�9,3<£&�63-2;�;3>!8&9�'-;,'8�8'<2-)$!ধ32�>-;,�;,'-8�(!1-£@�38�(<££�-2;'+8!ধ32�-2�;,'-8�2'>�(39;'8�(!1-£@W� (�;,'�+3!£�-9�;3�,!='�;,'�$,-£&�$,-£&�8';<82�;,'-8�#-8;,�6!8'2;9T�!££�6!8ধ'9�9,3<£&�>380�;3+';,'8�;3�1!0'�9<8'�8'<2-)$!ধ32�,!66'29�>-;,-2�!�$'8;!-2�ধ1'(8!1'W

4. Focus onreunif ication

or fullintegration

Alternative care Best Practices Continued:

2�'1'8+'2$@�9-;<!ধ329�>,'8'�!�$,-£&�1<9;�#'�6£!$'&�-2�!�;'1638!8@�8'9-&'2$-!£�$!8'�(!$-£-;@T�+!;'0''6-2+�1<9;�#'�-2�6£!$'W�[�!;'0''6-2+�is the term used to describe the process of assessment and planningof children’s needs and circumstances which should precede !&1-99-32�-2;3�!�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'W\��� ;�!£93�!99<8'9�;,!;�$,-£&8'2�!8'�23;�#'-2+�6£!$'&�-2�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�&<'�;3�63='8;@W�

5. Developgatekeeping

pol ic ies

�3168','29-='�$,-£&�!2&�(!1-£@�!99'991'2;

�'='£361'2;�3(�!�$,-£&�$!8'�6£!2�>,-$,�-2$£<&'9�!�9;8!;'+@�(38�(!1-£@�8'<2-)$!ধ32�38�;8!29-ধ32�-2;3�!�138'�6'81!2'2;�$311<2-;@f#!9'&�$!8'�36ধ32W�

�-+,;£@�96'$-)$�'£-+-#-£-;@�$8-;'8-!�(38�!&1-ħ!2$'

�!;'0''6-2+�9,3<£&�-2$£<&'V

REFLECTION

!8£-'8�-2�;,'�£'9932T�@3<�8'*'$;'&�32�;,'�-&'!�3(�!££3>-2+�$311<2-ধ'9�;3�;!0'�;,'�£'!&�!2&����Z9�{�!-;,��!9'&��8+!2-A!ধ329�l��m�;!0-2+�!�#!$0�9'!;W��330-2+�#!$0�!;�'!$,�3(�;,'�#'9;�68!$ধ$'9T�>,!;�8'96329-#-£-ধ'9�&3�@3<�;,-20�>3<£&�(!££�32����Z9�{���Z9S��,!;�8'96329-#-£-ধ'9�(!££�32�$311<2-;@�£'!&'89�!2&�1'1#'89S��3='821'2;9S��

14

52

14

15

Page 55: Orphan Calling

REFLECTION cont.

expand your knowledge.expand your impact.

Limited Knowledge= limited impact.

At the beginning of this lesson, it was stated that you willgain the tools you need to expand your knowledge of how to do orphan care well. Combine your new knowledge3(�#'9;�68!$ধ$'9�>-;,�;,'�#-#£-$!£�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�386,!2�care and redraw (or describe) how you see yourself engaging in community-based care.

How does your new vision compare with your drawing of a biblical orphan care modelfrom Lesson 2? How does it compare to your original vision for orphan care in Lesson 1?

53

Page 56: Orphan Calling

Lesson 8

Areever an Option?

2��'9932�¤T�2'-;,'8��38£&��-9-32Z9��-'8!8$,@�3(��!8'�238��+!2&!Z9��£;'82!ধ='��!8'�8!1'>380�-2$£<&'&�386,!2!+'9�38�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'9W��3'9�;,-9�1'!2�;,!;�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�9,3<£&�2'='8�#'�<9'&S��3T�-;�1'!29�;,'@�9,3<£&�#'�!2�!#93£<;'�£!9;�8'938;W��'$!<9'�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'9�!2&�386,!2!+'9�;'2&�;3�-93£!;'�$,-£&8'2�(831�;,'-8�$311<2-ধ'9T�-;�-9�&-ă$<£;�;3�-2$£<&'�;,'1�-2�!�,-'8!8$,@�3(�$311<2-;@�#!9'&�$!8'W��,'8'(38'T�-(�;,'@�>'8'�included, it would need to look something like this:

orphanages

K i n s h i p C a r e

C h i l d- H e a d e dH o u s e h o l d

G r o u p h o m e

F o s t e r C a r e

F a m i l y S u p p o r t a n dS t r e n g t h e n i n g

Hierarchy of Care:

C h i l d r e n ' s V i l l a g e

o r p h a n a g e

ø'$ধ='��3

11<2-;@f�!9'&�

Appr

oach

es to

OVC

Car

e

�32f$31

1<2-;@�#!9'&

approaches that should32£@�#'�<9'&�-(�'='8@�3;,'836ধ32�,!9�#''2�'=!£<!;'&�!2&�8'/'$;'&�#!9'&�32�;,'#'9;�-2;'8'9;�3(�;,'�$,-£&W54

Page 57: Orphan Calling

4

2�;,'�8!8'�$!9'9�>,'8'�$311<2-;@f#!9'&�$!8'�-9�23;�!2�36ধ32T�!�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'�38�386,!2!+'�1!@�#'�<9'&W��<;T�#'(38'�>'�'?6£!-2�,3>�!2&�>,'2�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�-9�#'2')$-!£�;3�!2�386,!2�38�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&T�>8-;'�&3>2�@3<8�-2-ধ!£�;,3<+,;9�-2�;,'�#3?�#'£3>W

Orphanages and children’s villages should be used when...

2��+!2&!Z9��£;'82!ধ='��!8'�8!1'>380T�;,'�9'$32&�8'96329'�>!9�'1'8+'2$@�$!8'W���$$38&-2+�;3�;,'-8�>'#9-;'T�[�,'2�!#!2&321'2;�38�9'6!8!ধ32�&3'9�,!66'2�38�>,'2�!�$,-£&�-9�!;�8-90�3(�!#<9'�38�2'+£'$;T�-11'&-!;'�9;'69�2''&�;3�#'�;!0'2�;3�'29<8'�;,'�$,-£&y9�9!(';@�!2&�>'££f#'-2+T�>,-£'�!2�!99'991'2;�;!0'9�6£!$'W��'1638!8@�$!8'�$!2�#'�683=-&'&�>-;,�!2�'?;'2&'&�(!1-£@�1'1#'8T�!�(39;'8�(!1-£@�38�-2�!�$,-£&8'2y9�38�#!#-'9y�9,'£;'8W\

2 n d R e s p o n s e :E m e r g e n c y

c a r e

3 r d R e s p o n s e :r e u n i f i c at i o na n d k i n s h i p

c a r e

4 t h R e s p o n s e :F o s t e rc a r e

5 t h R e s p o n s e :D o m e s t i ca d o p t i o n

6 t h R e s p o n s e :i n t e r n at i o n a l

a d o p t i o n

1 s t R e s p o n s e :K e e p f a m i l i e s

t o g e t h e r

F a m i l ym e m b e r

F o s t e rC a r e

C h i l d r e n ' s /b ab i e s 'h o m e

(�!�(!1-£@�1'1#'8�38�(39;'8�(!1-£@-9�<2!=!-£!#£'T�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�$!2683=-&'�!�9!('T�;'1638!8@�6£!$'�(38!�$,-£&�;3�9;!@�-2�!2�'1'8+'2$@W�

55

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Page 58: Orphan Calling

4

An emergency situation is one scenario when residential care is an

appropriate response. Listed below are other instances in which

residential care is in the best interest of the child.

1. (�!�$,-£&�,!9�,!&�!�2'+!ধ='�'?6'8-'2$'�3(�(!1-£@�£-('�l9<$,�!9�6'89-9;'2;�!#<9'm�!2&�)2&9�-;�-16399-#£'�;3�9'ħ£'�-11'&-!;'£@�-2;3�!�(!1-£@f#!9'&�9'ষ2+�!2&�2''&9�!�6'8-3&�3(�ধ1'�;3�8'$3='8�!2&�8'$'-='�!668368-!;'�$!8'W

2. �,'2�!�$,-£&�8'7<-8'9�-11'&-!;'�96'$-!£-A'&�;8'!;1'2;�;,!;�$!223;�#'�683=-&'&�-2�!�(!1-£@f#!9'&�9'ষ2+W

3.

4.

5.

(�!�$,-£&�,!9�23�>,'8'�'£9'�;3�+3T�-9�£-=-2+�32�;,'�9;8'';9T�-9�!�=-$ধ1�3(�9'?<!£�38�6,@9-$!£�!#<9'T�38�,!9�#''2�!#!2&32'&�&<'�;3�!�&-9!#-£-;@�38�� �c� ��W

�,'2�>!8�38�!�2!;<8!£�&-9!9;'8�,!9�9'6!8!;'&�$,-£&8'2�(831�;,'-8�(!1-£-'9�£'!=-2+�;,'1�=<£2'8!#£'�;3�;8!ă$0-2+T�!#<9'T�38�'?6£3-;!ধ32W��,'2�$,-£&8'2�,!='�='8@�96'$-)$�2''&9�9<$,�!9�[$,-£&8'2�>,3�,!='�#''2�&'13#-£-A'&�(831�!81'&�(38$'9�>,3�2''&�!�6'8-3&�3(�8'$3='8@�!2&�8'f93$-!£-A!ধ32�#'(38'�8';<82-2+�;3�;,'-8�(!1-£-'9�38�9<#9ধ;<;'�(!1-£-'9T�!2&�;,'-8�$311<2-ধ'9�-2�>,-$,�;,'@�1!@�#'�9ধ+1!ধA'&W\

�'*'$;�#!$0�32�@3<8�38-+-2!£�=-9-32�3(�386,!2�$!8'W� (�@3<�-1!+-2'&�9'ষ2+�<6�!2�386,!2!+'�38�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'T�&-&�;,'�$,-£&8'2�@3<�-1!+-2'&�,'£6-2+�(!££�-2�;3�!2@�3(�;,'�!#3='�$!;'+38-'9S� (�93T�>,-$,�32'9S

�3>�&-&�@3<�'2=-9-32�@3<8�386,!2!+'�38�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'�1''ধ2+�;,'�96'$-)$�2''&9�3(�;,'�$,-£&8'2�-2�@3<8�$!8'S

56

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4

5

6

7

Page 59: Orphan Calling

4

Even though Residential care is sometimes a necessary part of

caring for Orphans and vulnerable children, it should never be

a permanent solution and certain guidelines must be followed.

1. �'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�9,3<£&�#'�91!££T�(!1-£@f£-0'�!2&�38+!2-A'&�!83<2&�;,'�8-+,;9�!2&�2''&9�3(�;,'�$,-£&W�

2. �,'�1!-2�3#/'$ধ='�3(�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�9,3<£&�#'�;3683=-&'�;'1638!8@�$!8'�!2&�;3�!$ধ='£@�>380�;3>!8&9;,'�$,-£&Z9�(!1-£@�8'-2;'+8!ধ32�38�;3�)2&�!�6'81!2'2;6£!$'1'2;�-2�!�$311<2-;@f#!9'&�$!8'�13&'£W��

3. 4.

5.

ø'$ধ='�+!;'0''6-2+�1<9;�#'�-2�6£!$'�;3�68'='2;(!1-£-'9�(831�6£!$-2+�;,'-8�$,-£&8'2�-2�<22'$'99!8@8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'W��86,!2!+'9�!2&�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'9�9,3<£&�8'*'$;�;,'-8$<£;<8!£�9<883<2&-2+9T�!2&T�-(�6399-#£'T�#<-£;�>-;,-2!�£3$!£�$311<2-;@W�

�,-£&8'2�-2�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�9,3<£&�#'�-2;'+8!;'&�-2;3;,'�9<883<2&-2+�$311<2-;@T�!ħ'2&-2+�9$,33£�!2&�$311<2-;@�'='2;9W�

Residential care guidelines

6. 2�ধ1'9�3(�>!8�38�2!;<8!£�&-9!9;'8T�$,-£&8'2�(831�;,'�9!1'$311<2-;@�9,3<£&�#'�,3<9'&�;3+';,'8�-2�38&'8�;3�,'£6�(!$-£-;!;'�8'<2-)$!ধ32W��

* 2��+!2&!T�!2&�3;,'8��(8-$!2�$3<2;8-'9T�;,'�+3='821'2;9�!8'�&-9$3<8!+-2+!2@�2'>�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�(!$-£-ধ'9�(831�#'-2+�#<-£;�&<'�;3�;,'�-2*<?�3(386,!2!+'9�!2&�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'9�#'-2+�#<-£;�-2�;,'�£!9;�('>�@'!89W���

1992 2009 20131.3 million ‘orphans’

1.9 million ‘orphans’

2.85 million ‘orphans’

2,900 40,000 50,000$,-£&8'2�-2-29ধ;<ধ32!£$!8'

$,-£&8'2�-2-29ধ;<ধ32!£$!8'

$,-£&8'2�-2-29ধ;<ধ32!£$!8'

212child care institutions

800child care institutions

While there are orphanages, children’s =-££!+'9T�!2&�3;,'8�(3819�3(�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�that abide by the guidelines, the majority do 23;W��,'8'(38'T�;,'8'�!8'�;,8''�1!-2�36ধ329�(38�;,'9'�-29ধ;<ধ329V

1. 2. �-91!2;£'�£!8+'�-29ধ;<ধ329that provide poor quality care.

�8!29(381�-29ধ;<ধ329�-2;3�$311<2-;@�resource centers that include community-based daycare, counseling, 6!8'2ধ2+�{�90-££9�;8!-2-2+T�';$W�

3.

�380�>-;,�;,'�-29ধ;<ধ32�;3�!&,'8'�;3the above guidelines.

57

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9

10

11

12

13

-2��+!2&! -2��+!2&! -2��+!2&!

14

15 16

Page 60: Orphan Calling

What about children who are already living in orphanages and children’s villages?

2��'9932��T�>'�£330'&�!;�9'='8!£�9;!ধ9ধ$9�!#3<;�$,-£&8'2�£-=-2+�-2�-29ধ;<ধ32!£�$!8'W��3>�;,!;�>'�!8'�!>!8'�3(�;,'�2'+!ধ='�'ø'$;9�-;�,!9�32�$,-£&8'2T�>'�1<9;�23;�32£@�>380�;3>!8&9�68'='2ধ2+�$,-£&8'2�(831�'2&-2+�<6�-2�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'W��'�1<9;�!£93�>380�;3�1!0'�9<8'�;,!;�;,'�2''&9�3(�;,'�$,-£&8'2�£-=-2+�-2�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�!8'�#'-2+�1';�!2&�;,!;�;,'-8�8-+,;9�!8'�#'-2+�<6,'£&W��'�$!223;�-+238'�;,'�$,-£&8'2�>,3�!8'�$<88'2;£@�£-=-2+�-2�-29ধ;<ধ32!£�$!8'�-2�9<#f�!,!8!2��(8-$!WSo, what are we to do?

�W�!1-£@�8'<2-)$!ধ32�W��8!29-ধ32�-2;3�931'�(381�3(������311<2-;@f�!9'&��!8'�W��&36ধ32�l>-;,�&31'9ধ$�!&36ধ32�����,!=-2+�68-38-;@�3='8�-2;'82!ধ32!£m�W (�!�$,-£&�-9�$£39'�;3�!+-2+�3<;�3(�;,'-8����8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'T�;,'@�1<9;�#'�+-='2����6836'8�9<6638;�!2&�90-££9�;3�#'�!#£'����;3�£-='�-2&'6'2&'2;£@�-2�93$-';@W

There are 4 options for children currently livingin residential care Let’s revisit

Joseph who is living in an orphanage in

malawi even thoughboth of his parents

are still living. whatis in the best interest

of Joseph?Which of the fouroptions applies to

his situation?

58

Page 61: Orphan Calling

Just as with the community-based care approaches, there are best practices that must be followed in

order for a successful transition out of residential care .

�W� &'2ধ(@�>,-$,�$,-£&8'2�,!='�#''2�9'6!8!;'&�(831�;,'-8�(!1-£-'9�&<'����;3�63='8@T�>!8T�2!;<8!£�&-9!9;'8T�38�-££2'99W��W��'+-2�;,'�683$'99�3(�;8!$-2+�;,'�$,-£&8'2Z9�(!1-£-'9�-(�;,'-8�£3$!ধ32�����-9�<2023>2W��W��,'2�(!1-£-'9�!8'�£3$!;'&T�;,'@�1<9;�#'�='8-)'&�;3�!99<8'�;,'�$,-£&8'2������!8'�6£!$'&�-2�;,'�$388'$;�(!1-£@W�W�!$,�(!1-£@�1<9;�#'�!99'99'&�;3�&';'81-2'�-(�8'<2-)$!ধ32�-9����6399-#£'W�¤W��,'�8'<2-)$!ধ32�683$'99�9,3<£&�#'�!�$'£'#8!;'&�6<#£-$�'='2;�!9�!����9!('+<!8&�(38�;,'�$,-£&W��W��2+3-2+�132-;38-2+�!2&�(!1-£@�9;8'2+;,'2-2+�!2&�9<6638;�!8'�����68'9'2;�!2&�32+3-2+W�¥W� (�!�$,-£&�,!9�23�;8!$'!#£'�(!1-£@�1'1#'89�38�(!1-£@�8'<2-)$!ধ32�-9����23;�6399-#£'T�;,'2�!£;'82!ধ='�$!8'�9,3<£&�#'�(3<2&W�!$,�$,-£&�9,3<£&����#'�!99'99'&�;3�&';'81-2'�>,-$,�(381�3(�$!8'�-9�-2�;,'-8�#'9;�-2;'8'9;W�W��,'2�!�$,-£&�-9�!;�!2�!+'�>,'8'�;,'@�$!2�;8!29-ধ32�3<;�3(�8'9-&'2ধ!£����$!8'�!2&�-2;3�93$-';@T�;,'�+3='821'2;�1<9;�6!8;2'8�>-;,����Z9�!2&�������Z9�-2�683=-&-2+�32+3-2+�9<6638;�#'(38'T�&<8-2+T�!2&�!đ'8�;,'�����;8!29-ধ32W�

REFLECTION�,!;�&3�@3<�;,-20�>3<£&�#'�;,'�139;�$,!££'2+-2+�!96'$;�3(�;8!29-ধ32-2+�$,-£&8'2�3<;�3(�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'S�

59

17

Page 62: Orphan Calling

Application 2�;,'�96!$'�#'£3>T�>8-;'�3<;�;,'�@3<8�6£!2�(38�;8!29-ধ32-2+��39'6,�3<;�3(�,-9386,!2!+'�!2&�8'<2-ধ2+�,-1�>-;,�,-9�(!1-£@W��9'�;,'�023>£'&+'�+!-2'&�-2�;,-9�£'9932�!9�>'££�!9�68'=-3<9�£'99329W��,-20�;,83<+,�,3>�@3<�>3<£&�9<6638;�#3;,�39'6,�!2&�,-9�(!1-£@�#'(38'T�&<8-2+T�!2&�!đ'8�;,'�;8!29-ধ32W��

60

Page 63: Orphan Calling

Lesson 9

Who’s doing

care Well?

Community-Based

Community-Based Care is not easy, but it is possible. Thankfully, if we dofeel called to care for orphans and vulnerable children, we don’t have to+3�!;�-;�!£32'W��,'8'�!8'�1!2@�38+!2-A!ধ329�>,3�!8'�'ø'$ধ='£@�$!8-2+�(38children through community-based care. In Lesson 6, you were introduced;3��+!2&!Z9�Y�£;'82!ধ='��!8'�8!1'>380ZW��,'2�-;�$31'9�;3��311<2-;@f�!9'&��!8'�-2��(8-$!T��+!2&!�-9�£'!&-2+�;,'�>!@W��9-2+�;,'-8�Y�£;'82!ধ='�!8'�8!1'>380Z�!9�!�+<-&'T�>'�>-££�;!0'�!�$£39'8�£330�!;�,3>��311<2-;@f�!9'&��!8'�-9�#'-2+�-16£'1'2;'&�!9�;,'�+3='821'2;�!2&�=!8-3<9�38+!2-A!ধ329work together.

61

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4

2 n d R e s p o n s e :E m e r g e n c y

c a r e

3 r d R e s p o n s e :r e u n i f i c at i o na n d k i n s h i p

c a r e

4 t h R e s p o n s e :F o s t e rc a r e

5 t h R e s p o n s e :D o m e s t i ca d o p t i o n

6 t h R e s p o n s e :i n t e r n at i o n a l

a d o p t i o n

1 s t R e s p o n s e :K e e p f a m i l i e s

t o g e t h e r

Alternative Care framework

P r e v e n ts e pa rat i o n

F a m i l yS t r e n g t h e n i n g

“Since opening its doors in 2013, Abide Family Center has provided,3£-9ধ$T�9;8'2+;,9f#!9'&T�93$-!£�

services to vulnerable families. The $'2;'8�9'8='9�!9�!�;8!29-ধ32!£�£-=-2+�

and learning facility by providing caregivers the tools necessary to

move toward independence.”

�#-&'�!1-£@��'2;'8�683=-&'9�(!1-£@�68'9'8=!ধ32�9'8=-$'9�;,83<+,V

�'$'-=-2+�!2&�-2='9ধ+!ধ2+�$!9'9�3(�(!1-£-'9�!;f8-90�3(�6£!$-2+�;,'-8�$,-£&8'2�-2;3��8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'W

�ø'8-2+�&-8'$;�9'8=-$'9�;3�!;f8-90�(!1-£-'9V1. Case management by trained social workers�W�1'8+'2$@�!2&�;8!29-ধ32!£�,3<9-2+� for a maximum of three months�W�!8£@�$,-£&,33&�'&<$!ধ32�(38����9��������f�¤�@'!89�3(�!+'4. Business classes for care givers with ����$'8ধ)$!;'9�<632�+8!&<!ধ325. Small grants for business class graduates¤W��!9;38!£�$3<29'£-2+�!2&��-#£'�����9;<&-'9�>-;,�3<8�(<££fধ1'�6!9;38�W���!8'2ধ2+��-9$<99-32��83<6�(38�$!8'� givers currently in our programs

“At Abide we believe that God designed us to grow and develop in families and communities. It is our greatest desire to see every child given the chance to grow up in a loving family, where they can be shown what it means to be valued. We also believe that every parent deserves the chance to prove they are able to care for their children and all efforts should be exhausted before taking a child away from their family.”

Abidefamilycenter

62

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4

2 n d R e s p o n s e :E m e r g e n c y

c a r e

3 r d R e s p o n s e :r e u n i f i c at i o na n d k i n s h i p

c a r e

4 t h R e s p o n s e :F o s t e rc a r e

5 t h R e s p o n s e :D o m e s t i ca d o p t i o n

6 t h R e s p o n s e :i n t e r n at i o n a l

a d o p t i o n

1 s t R e s p o n s e :K e e p f a m i l i e s

t o g e t h e r

Alternative Care framework

t ra n s i t i o n a lC h i l d r e n ' sa n d B ab y

h o m e s

�!£!-0!��!#-'9��31'�-9�!�;8!29-ধ32!£�care center in Mengo, for babies aged #';>''2��f�W��,'�,31'�-9�Y;8!29-ধ32!£Z�because children stay only as long as -;�;!0'9�;3�+';�;,'1�,'!£;,@�!2&�<2ধ£�a suitable family home is found for them to move on to. We believe that every child has the right to grow up in a loving family environment.

Malaika Babies Home provides emergency care by:

Taking in children who have been abandoned or are in need of life-saving emergency care.

“Children come to us from many backgrounds, usually malnourished and ill, and our well trained carers work closely with them to help undo ;,'�'13ধ32!£T�69@$,3£3+-$!£�!2&�physical damage caused by !#!2&321'2;W�!$,�$!8'8�£3309�!đ'8�up to 4 babies, which allows them to form a special bond with each child individually, raising them as they would their own.” [�<8�&'&-$!;'&��3$-!£��380��'!1�!£>!@9�!-19�;3�)89;�6£!$'�;,'�$,-£&�#!$0�>-;,�-;9�#-8;,�(!1-£@�8'£!ধ329W� (�!�;8!$'�-9�23;�6399-#£'�38�-9�23;�9<-;!#£'T�;,'�;'!1�£330�(38�(39;'8�38�!&36ধ='�(!1-£-'9�;3�9<-;�;,'�-2&-=-&<!£�2''&9�3(�;,'�$,-£&W��,'�;'!1�-16£'1'2;9�#'9;�68!$ধ$'T�>380-2+�;3�$<88'2;��+!2&!2�£!>�32�!&36ধ32�!2&�;,'��2-;'&��!ধ32Z9� 2;'82!ধ32!£��32='2ধ32�32�;,'��-+,;9�3(�;,'��,-£&W\

�!£!-0!��!#-'9��31'�-9�!��6!8;�3(�;,'��,-£&Z9�-�3<2&!ধ32�>,-$,�>3809�;3�8'9'ħ£'�$,-£&8'2�-2-29ধ;<ধ32!£�$!8'�#!$0�>-;,�;,'-8�(!1-£-'9T�(!1-£@�68'9'8=!ধ32�!2&�9;8'2+;,'2-2+T�!2&�6£!$-2+$,-£&8'2�-2�£3$!£�(39;'8�!2&�!&36ধ='�(!1-£-'9W�

Malaikababieshome

63

3

4

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Page 66: Orphan Calling

4

2 n d R e s p o n s e :E m e r g e n c y

c a r e

3 r d R e s p o n s e :r e u n i f i c at i o na n d k i n s h i p

c a r e

4 t h R e s p o n s e :F o s t e rc a r e

5 t h R e s p o n s e :D o m e s t i ca d o p t i o n

6 t h R e s p o n s e :i n t e r n at i o n a l

a d o p t i o n

1 s t R e s p o n s e :K e e p f a m i l i e s

t o g e t h e r

Alternative Care framework

t ra c i n gb i r t h

f a m i l i e s

“We provide short term life-saving care for children, trace their extended families and reunite them. If no family members are found, >'�)2&�!�(39;'8�38�!&36ধ='�(!1-£@W��'�!-1�;3�do this within six months - any longer than that in care can cause irreversible damage to a child.”

�,-£&Z9�-�3<2&!ধ32�;8!$'9�(!1-£-'9�!2&�8'9'ħ£'9�$,-£&8'2�#@V

9;!#£-9,-2+��+!2&!Z9�)89;��3$-!£��380��'2;8'�3(�?$'££'2$'�-2������!2&�683=-&-2+�!�9!('�6£!$'�(38�$,-£&8'2�;3�9;!@�>,-£'�;,'-8�6!8'2;9�!8'�#'-2+�;8!$'&W�

�,-£&Z9�-�3<2&!ধ32�;8!-29�93$-!£�>380'89�-2�;8!$-2+�#-8;,�(!1-£-'9�!2&�,'£6-2+�-2�;,'�8'9'ħ£'1'2;�683$'99W

[ ;�-9�$8-ধ$!£�;,!;�'='8@�'ø38;�-9�1!&'�;3�;8!$'�;,'�(!1-£-'9�of children referred to our care. Social Workers place radio announcements and newspaper adverts and conduct -2='9ধ+!ধ329��>-;,�;,'��3£-$'�-2�;,'�$311<2-ধ'9�>,'8'�;,'�children are found. In over 60% cases our social work team trace the extended families.We work closely with the police 32�!�8'9'ħ£'1'2;�6£!2�!2&�>,'2�;,'�93$-!£�>380'8�-9�$32)&'2;�the family can meet the child’s needs,the children are re-united with their families.Once a child is placed in the families,our 93$-!£�>380'89�$32ধ2<'�;3�132-;38�;,'�$,-£&Z9�683+8'99�(38�<2ধ£�32'�@'!8�;3�'29<8'�;,'�$,-£&�-9�30!@W\

“Once the families have been traced, our social workers work�>-;,�;,'�(!1-£-'9�32�!�8'9'ħ£'1'2;�6£!2�!2&�8'<2-;'�;,'�$,-£&8'2�>-;,�;,'-8�(!1-£-'9W��<8�8'9'ħ£'1'2;�6£!2�-2$£<&'9�assessments of the families where the children are being ���������8'9'ħ£'&�;3T�&';'81-2-2+�;,'-8�9<-;!#-£-;@�;3�6!8'2;�;,'� child and reparing them to receive the child.”

Child’si foundation

“We believe in social work. Good social work is the difference between a child growing up in an

orphanage and growing up in a loving family. So we want to spread best practice in social work.”

64

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7

8

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4

2 n d R e s p o n s e :E m e r g e n c y

c a r e

3 r d R e s p o n s e :r e u n i f i c at i o na n d k i n s h i p

c a r e

4 t h R e s p o n s e :F o s t e rc a r e

5 t h R e s p o n s e :D o m e s t i ca d o p t i o n

6 t h R e s p o n s e :i n t e r n at i o n a l

a d o p t i o n

1 s t R e s p o n s e :K e e p f a m i l i e s

t o g e t h e r

Alternative Care framework

Foster care takes on two forms:

1. As a temporary home for a child who will be reunited with their families.����[ ;�683=-&'9�;,'�ধ1'�2''&'&�;3�$8'!;'�;,'�'2=-8321'2;�>,'8'�;,'�$,-£&�$!2�����8';<82�;3�,-9�38�,'8�(!1-£@W� ;�$!2�!£93�683=-&'�ধ1'�;3�)2&�;,'�8-+,;�6'81!2'2;�����93£<ধ32�>-;,�!�2'>�(!1-£@W\�W��9�!�;8!29-ধ32!£�6'8-3&�£'!&-2+�;3�!&36ধ32W

[39;'8�$!8'89�>380�!£32+9-&'�!�;'!1�3(�683('99-32!£9�683=-&-2+�$,-£&8'2�>-;,�;,'�,-+,'9;�9;!2&!8&�3(�$!8'W��!8-2+�(38�!23;,'8�6'8932y9�$,-£&�8'7<-8'9�£3='�!2&�*'?-#-£-;@�#<;�-;�3ø'89�;,'�36638;<2-;@�;3�1!0'�!�,<+'�&-ø'8'2$'�;3�;,'�£-='9�3(�;,'�$,-£&8'2�>,3�2''&�-;W�39;'8-2+�$!2�#'�!�='8@�8'>!8&-2+�'?6'8-'2$'W\�f�£;'82!ধ='��!8'��';>380

Child’si foundation

R e c r u i t i n g ,T ra i n i n g ,

a n dm o n i t o r i n g

�,-£&Z9�-�3<2&!ধ32�!£93�>3809�-2�8'$8<-ধ2+�!2&�;8!-2-2+�£3$!£�(39;'8�(!1-£-'9W�

65

10

11

Page 68: Orphan Calling

4

2 n d R e s p o n s e :E m e r g e n c y

c a r e

3 r d R e s p o n s e :r e u n i f i c at i o na n d k i n s h i p

c a r e

4 t h R e s p o n s e :F o s t e rc a r e

5 t h R e s p o n s e :D o m e s t i ca d o p t i o n

6 t h R e s p o n s e :i n t e r n at i o n a l

a d o p t i o n

1 s t R e s p o n s e :K e e p f a m i l i e s

t o g e t h e r

Alternative Care framework

UgandansAdopt

E d u c at i n ga n d

r e c r u i t i n g

�+!2&!29��&36;�6!8;2'89�>-;,�;,'�+3='821'2;�;3�)2&�£3$!£�(!1-£-'9�;3�!&36;�$,-£&8'2�>,3�,!='�#''2�!6683='&�(38�!&36ধ32W�

"We encourage Ugandan $-ধA'29�;3�36'2�;,'-8�,'!8;9�!2&�,31'9�;3�$,-£&8'2�>,3�,!='�23�(!1-£-'9�3(�;,'-8�3>2�!2&�1!0'�!�6£!$'�(38�;,'1�>-;,-2�;,'-8�3>2�(!1-£@Wz - �99-9;!2;��311-99-32'8�(38��,-£&8'2��!1'9��!#3++3A!

�$$38&-2+�;3�;,'��£;'82!ধ='��!8'�>'#9-;'V

�<8-2+�����T��3�����n�-2-9;8@�3(��'2&'8T��!#�3<8�!2&��3$-!£��'='£361'2;o�6!8;2'8'&�>-;,��,-£&y9�-�3<2&!ধ32�;3�8<2�!�$!16!-+2��+!2&!29��&36;�;3�68313;'�&31'9ধ$�!&36ধ32W��,-9�$!16!-+2�>!9�!2&�-9�,<+'£@�9<$$'99(<£�,!=-2+�8'9<£;'&�-2�����+!2&!2�(!1-£-'9�!&36ধ2+�232f#£33&�8'£!ধ='9W��,-£&y9�-�3<2&!ধ32�!8'�23>�-2�!�639-ধ32�>,'8'�;,'-8�#!#@�,31'�,!9�138'��+!2&!2�(!1-£-'9�>!-ধ2+�;3�!&36;�;,!2�$,-£&8'2�;,'@�,!='�!=!-£!#£'�(38�!&36ধ32W

�,-£'�1!2@�1-9$32$'6ধ329�!2&�('!89�9ধ££�'?-9;�!#3<;�!&36ধ32T�;,'�$!16!-+2�,!9�683='&�;,!;�;,83<+,�'&<$!ধ32�!2&�+33&�93$-!£�>380�68!$ধ9'9�;,'8'�-9�!�&'13+8!6,-$�3(��+!2&!29�>,3�$!2�!2&�>-££�!&36;�232f#£33&�8'£!ধ='9W� 2������!�2<1#'8�3(�$,-£&�$!8'�683=-&'89�!8'�'?6!2&-2+�;,'-8�!&36ধ32�683+8!11'9�;3�-2$£<&'�6-£3;�683/'$;9�;3�9,38;�!2&�£32+�;'81�(39;'8�$!8'W

�,'�$!16!-+2�$32ধ2<'9�;3�8<2�!2&�!££�$,-£&8'2y9�,31'9�!8'�#'-2+6'89<!&'&�;3�/3-2�;,'��+!2&!29��&36;�$!16!-+2�!2&�1!0'�;,'-8�$,-£&8'2�!=!-£!#£'�(38�!&36ধ32W��,-9�,3>'='8�2''&9�+3='821'2;�9<6638;�!2&�#!$0-2+�!9�139;�$,-£&�$!8'�-29ধ;<ধ329�-2=3£='&�-2�!&36ধ32�68'('8�;3�1!0'�$,-£&8'2�������������!=!-£!#£'�(38�-2;'82!ধ32!£�������������!&36ধ32�>-;,3<;�)89;�6<89<-2+������������&31'9ধ$�6£!$'1'2;9W66

12

13

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4

2 n d R e s p o n s e :E m e r g e n c y

c a r e

3 r d R e s p o n s e :r e u n i f i c at i o na n d k i n s h i p

c a r e

4 t h R e s p o n s e :F o s t e rc a r e

5 t h R e s p o n s e :D o m e s t i ca d o p t i o n

6 t h R e s p o n s e :i n t e r n at i o n a l

a d o p t i o n

1 s t R e s p o n s e :K e e p f a m i l i e s

t o g e t h e r

Alternative Care framework

The Children’s

Act of Uganda

i m p l e m e n t i n ge t h i c a l

g u i d e l i n e s& p r o c e s s e s

[ 2;'82!ধ32!£�!&36ধ32�$!2�8'13='�(3$<9�!2&�8'93<8$'9�!>!@�(831�+33&�>380�;,!;�-9�#'-2+�&32'�;3�9;8'2+;,'2�(!1-£-'9T�8'9'ħ£'�$,-£&8'2�38�)2&�-2f$3<2;8@�93£<ধ329W\��,'8'(38'T�;,'�+3='821'2;�3(��+!2&!�,!9�$8'!;'&�!2&�-16£'1'2;'&[�,'��,-£&8'2Z9��$;�3(��+!2&!\W��

l!m�,!9�9;!@'&�-2��+!2&!�(38�!;�£'!9;�;,8''�@'!89Ul#m�,!9�(39;'8'&�;,'�$,-£&�(38�!;�£'!9;�;,-8;@f9-?�132;,9�<2&'8�;,'�9<6'8=-9-32�3(�!�683#!ধ32�!2&�93$-!£�>'£(!8'�3ă$'8U

l$m�&3'9�23;�,!='�!�$8-1-2!£�8'$38&Ul&m�,!9�!�8'$311'2&!ধ32�$32$'82-2+�,-9�38�,'8�9<-;!#-£-;@�;3�

!&36;�!�$,-£&�(831�,-9�38�,'8�$3<2;8@Z9�683#!ধ32�!2&�>'£(!8'�3ă$'�38�3;,'8�$316';'2;�!<;,38-;@U�!2&

l'm�,!9�9!ধ9)'&�;,'�$3<8;�;,!;�,-9�38�,'8�$3<2;8@�3(�38-+-2�>-££8'96'$;�!2&�8'$3+2-9'�;,'�!&36ধ32�38&'8W

[�,'����¦�-2$8'!9'�-2�-2;'82!ধ32!£�!&36ধ329�(831��+!2&!�(831������;3������3<;£-2'9�;,'�+83>-2+�&'1!2&�(38��+!2&!2�$,-£&8'2\��!2&�2''&�(38�';,-$!£�+<-&'£-2'9W��

International adoption.

l�m���6'8932�>,3�-9�23;�!�$-ধA'2�3(��+!2&!�1!@�-2�'?$'6ধ32!£�$-8$<19;!2$'9�

!&36;�!��+!2&!2�$,-£&T�-(�,'�38�9,'h

f�,'��,-£&8'2Z9��$;�3(��+!2&!67

16

14

15

Page 70: Orphan Calling

4

Other Organizations doingcommunity-based care wellUganda is not the only country working to implement community-based care. �,'8'�!8'�+3='821'2;9�!2&�38+!2-A!ধ329�>380-2+�;,83<+,3<;�9<#f�!,!8!2��(8-$!�>380-2+�32�9;8'2+;,'2-2+�(!1-£-'9�!2&�3;,'8�$311<2-;@f#!9'&�$!8'�36ধ329WThis is in no way an extensive list. Take a moment to research the websites of a few 3(�;,'�£-9;'&�38+!2-A!ধ329W�

�316!99-32� 2;'82!ধ32!£Noonday�3££'$ধ32 Ekisa

Ministries

No Ordinary Love Ministries

38+3ħ'2��3-$'9

�;8'2+;,'2�{��<6638;�!1-£-'9

�38£&��-9-32

31 BitsBright Hope

�;8'2+;,'2�311<2-ধ'9

�'<2-ধ2+!1-£-'9

Reunite Uganda&<$!ধ2+�,<8$,'9�{

Individuals about Community-Based Care

!-;,�;3��$ধ32 2-ধ!ধ='

-8'£-+,;3<2&!ধ32

�38£&��'£-'(

REFLECTION�đ'8�#'$31-2+�(!1-£-!8�>-;,�=!8@-2+�38+!2-A!ধ329�>380-2+�;3�$!8'�(38�386,!29!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2T�-9�;,'8'�!�6!8ধ$<£!8�!6683!$,�;3�$311<2-;@f#!9'&�$!8';,!;�@3<�!8'�&8!>2�;3S��,-$,�38+!2-A!ধ32�&3�@3<�>!2;�;3�£'!82�138'�!#3<;S

68

Page 71: Orphan Calling

Lesson 10

What

are my next steps?

Congratulations! �3<�,!='�1!&'�-;�;3�;,'�)2!£�£'9932R��3<�,!='�#''2�$32(832;'&�>-;,�;,'�2'+!ধ='�8'!£-ধ'9�3(�8'9-&'2ধ!£�386,!2�$!8'T�-2;83&<$'&�;3�'ø'$ধ='�!6683!$,'9�;3�;,'�386,!2�$8-9-9�;,83<+,�$311<2-;@f#!9'&�$!8'T�!2&�(!1-£-!8-A'&�>-;,�9'='8!£�38+!2-A!ধ329�;,!;�!8'�$!88@-2+�;,-9�3<;W��3>�-;�-9�ধ1'�;3�;<82�;,'�(3$<9�#!$0�;3�@3<�!2&�@3<8�$!££-2+�;3�$!8'�(38�386,!29�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2�-2��(8-$!W�

�9�@3<�'2;'8�-2;3�;,-9�ধ1'�3(�8'*'$ধ32T�96'2&�ধ1'�-2�68!@'8�!90-2+��3&�;3&-8'$;�@3<8�;,3<+,;9�!2&�6!99-329�-2�;,'�&-8'$ধ32��'�-9�£'!&-2+W��'�68'6!8'&;3�9!$8-)$'�@3<8�6'8$'-='&�$!££-2+�(38��-9W�

�'+-2�#@�'?!1-2-2+�@3<8�13ধ='9V

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�3>�;,!;�@3<�,!='�!£139;�$316£';'&�;,-9�+<-&'T�,3>�,!='�@3<8�13ধ='9�$,!2+'&S

69

Page 72: Orphan Calling

Areyou

married?

Cons ider your Current C ircumstances

Do youhave

afamily?

Doyou havea goodjob?

�'*'$;�32�@3<8�$<88'2;�$-8$<19;!2$'9W� (�@3<�!8'�1!88-'&�!2&�,!='!�(!1-£@T�!8'�@3<�>-££-2+�;3�<6833;�@3<8�(!1-£@�!2&�13='�;,'1�;3��(8-$!S� (�@3<�,!='�!�+33&�/3#T�!8'�@3<�>-££-2+�;3�13='�(831�!�6£!$'3(�$32;'2;'&2'99�;3�!�6£!$'�3(�)2!2$-!£�<2$'8;!-2;@S

�'9$8-#'�@3<8�$<88'2;�8'!£-;@V

�3>�>3<£&�@3<8�8'!£-;@�$,!2+'�-(�@3<�&'$-&'&�;3�6<89<'�@3<8$!££-2+�;3�$!8'�(38�386,!29�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2�-2��(8-$!S

�,!;�>3<£&�#'�;,'�,!8&'9;�6!8;�3(�@3<8�$<88'2;�£-('�;3�+-='�<6S

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Doyou havea house?a Car?

70

Page 73: Orphan Calling

Do you stillfeel calledto care for children inafrica?

�đ'8�8'*'$ধ2+�32�@3<8�$<88'2;�8'!£ -;@T �@3<�1!@�,!='�$31'�;3�;,'�$32$£<9-32�;,!;�13=-2+�;3��(8 -$!� -9 �23;�>,'8'�;,'��38&� -9 � £'!&-2+�@3<�8 -+,;�23>W�

Does this describe you?N o .

( �@3<�9ধ£ £ � (''£ �;,'��38&�$!£ £ -2+@3<�;3�9;!8; �@3<8�3>2�38+!2-A!ধ32T;,-20�!#3<;�>,!;� -16!$;�@3<�>!2;�@3<8�38+!2-A!ধ32�;3�,!='�32�386,!29T �=<£2'8!#£'�$,- £&8'2T �;,'-8 �(!1-£ -'9T!2&�$311<2-ধ'9W ��'>-9��!883£ £ �32$'9!-&T\ ( �@3<�&32Z; �023>�>,'8'�@3<�!8'+3-2+T �!2@�83!&�>-£ £ � ;!0'�@3<�;,'8'W\�9�@3<�#'+-2�;3�;,-20�!#3<;�@3<�)89;9;'6� -2�����$!8'T �@3<�,!='�;3�023>>,-$,�&-8'$ধ32�;3�>!£0� -2W ��3<�2''&;3�,!='�!�+3!£ W �

�<9;�#'$!<9'�;,'��38&� -9 �23;�$!£ £ -2+�@3<�;3��(8 -$!�8 -+,;�23>T� -; �

&3'9�23;�1'!2�;,!;�$!223;�#'+-2�1!0-2+�!2� -16!$;�32�386,!29�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'$,- £&8'2�(831�,31'�38� -2�931'�3;,'8�>!@W ��0-6�3='8�

;3�6!+'����;3�&-9$3='8>,!;�@3<�$!2�&3R

( �@3<�>'8'�;3�(381�!2�386,!2�$!8'�38+!2-A!ধ32�;3&!@T �>,!;�>3<£&�@3<8�'2&�+3!£ �#'S��3<£&�@3<8�38+!2-A!ধ32Z9�1-99-32�#'�;3�9;8'2+;,'2�!2&�9<6638;�(!1-£ -'9� -2�38&'8�;3�68'='2;�;,'�2''&�(38�386,!2�$!8'�38�>3<£&� -; �#'�8'9632&-2+�;3�;,'�$<88'2;�8'!£ -ধ'9�3(�;,'�386,!2�$8-9 -9S��8�6'8,!69�!�$31#-2!ধ32S��,!;� -16!$;�&3�@3<�,36'�;3�1!0'S

Y e s , t h a ti s m e !

I s t i l lf e e l c a l l e d

W r i t e o u t y o u r m i s s i o n :

71

Page 74: Orphan Calling

Don'treinvent

thewheel

Create a master plan!

make sureyou arepursuing

community-based care

Conducta needs

assessment

Now that you have an end goal in sight, the next step is discerning how to accomplish your mission. Thankfully, you don’t have to go in #£-2&W��,-9�+<-&'�,!9�683=-&'&�@3<�>-;,�!�9;!8ধ2+�63-2;W��3<8�8'96329-#-£-;@�-9�;3�;!0'�;,'�-2(381!ধ32�@3<�,!='�£'!82'&�!2&�!90�God to direct you in what to do with it.

�'1'1#'8�;,!;�@3<�!8'�23;�;,'�)89;�6'8932�>,3�,!9�('£;�;,'�$!££-2+�;3�$!8'�(38�orphans. Look to those people who have gone before you. Based on your newly !$7<-8'&�023>£'&+'T�'=!£<!;'�&-ø'8'2;�386,!2�$!8'�1-2-9;8-'9�!2&�&';'81-2'�>,-$,�32'9�!8'�(3££3>-2+�;,'�#'9;�68!$ধ$'9W��'!82�(831�;,'-8�1-9;!0'9T�!2&�(3££3>�;,'-8�'ø'$ধ='�1';,3&9W�

Discernhow to meet

theseneeds

Determinea way

to measureyour

effectiveness

Do not build another orphanage or children’s village. Take what you have learned ;3�,'!8;�!2&�8'(<9'�;3�;!0'�;,'�636<£!8T�'!9@�>!@�3<;W��<89<'�#'9;�68!$ধ$'9W

�2$'�@3<�,!='�-&'2ধ)'&�>,-$,�386,!29�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2�@3<�>!2;�;3�care for, it is important to discover what the actual needs are. Every village, (!1-£@T�!2&�$,-£&�-9�+3-2+�;3�,!='�&-ø'8'2;�2''&9W��ধ£-A'�£3$!£�£'!&'89,-6�!2&�$311<2-;@�1'1#'89�;3�,'£6�-&'2ধ(@�;,'�2''&9T�!9�>'££�!9�;,'�$311<2-;@Z9�assets.

�3>�;,!;�@3<�,!='�!�#'ħ'8�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�;,'�2''&9�3(�@3<8�6!8ধ$<£!8�community, family, or child, you need a plan in order to help meet those needs. Work with the community to come up with a plan. Don’t forget to include the children in on the discussion. Remember that in community-based care, you are not the hero. Take a back seat, and let the community lead the way. Discover ways ;,!;�@3<�$!2�9<6638;�;,'�$311<2-;@�-2�;,'-8�'ø38;9W

It is important to know whether what you are doing is making the impact you &'9-8'W��,'8'�1<9;�#'�!�6£!$'�(38�(8'7<'2;�8'*'$ধ32�!2&�'=!£<!ধ32W��'�>-££-2+�;3�$,!2+'�&-8'$ধ329�-2�38&'8�;3�#'�'ø'$ধ='W��'!£-A'�@3<8�1-9;!0'9�!2&�£'!82�(831�them. Lay your pride aside and ignore the desires of your donors in order to pursue the best interest of the children.

72

Page 75: Orphan Calling

BrainstormingUse this space to begin brainstorming where God is leading you in your call to care(38�386,!29�!2&�=<2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2W���'+-2�#@�>8-ধ2+�3<;�@3<8�1-99-32�9;!;'1'2;�;38'1-2&�@3<89'£(�>,';,'8�@3<�!8'�>380-2+�;3>!8&9�68'='2ধ32T�8'<2-)$!ধ32T�38-16£'1'2ধ2+�!£;'82!ধ='�$311<2-;@f#!9'&�$!8'W��,'2T�1!6�3<;�@3<8�6£!2�0''6-2+�-21-2&�;,'�#'9;�68!$ধ$'9�@3<�£'!82'&W

Mission Statement:

73

Page 76: Orphan Calling

1. supportYou have been introduced to several organizations �!2@�3(�;,'9'�38+!2-A!ধ329�!8'�-2�2''&�3(�9<6638;T�)2!2$-!££@�!2&�3;,'8>-9'W��!8+'8�38+!2-A!ধ329�9<$,�!9��38£&��-9-32�!2&��316!99-32� 2;'82!ধ32!£T�!9�>'££�!9�91!££'8�38+!2-A!ধ329T�,!='�96329389,-6�683+8!19�>,'8'�@3<�$!2�6£!@�!�6!8;�-2�9<6638ধ2+�!�$,-£&�!2&�;,'-8�(!1-£-'9W��;,'8�38+!2-A!ধ329�!8'�-2�2''&�3(�(<2&9�;3�,-8'�£3$!£�683('99-32!£9�-2£$<&-2+�93$-!£�>380'89T�$3<29'£389T�;'!$,'89T�';$W��3�@3<8�,31'>380W��-9$3='8�!2�38+!2-A!ধ32�;,!;�@3<�#'£-'='�-2T�!2&�)2&�3<;�>,!;�;,'-8�+8'!;'9;�2''&9�!8'W��90�-(�@3<�$!2�=-9-;�;,'1�!2&�9''�)89;�,!2&�>,!;�;,'@�!8'�&3-2+W��,'2T�+3�,31'�!2&�#'$31'�;,'-8�#-++'9;�!&3=3!$;'W��

In many ways you are now an expert

2. educate

3. offer your skillsYou may not have the right skills to start an organization,

in order to make an impact on orphans and vulnerable childrenYou don’t have to start an organization

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74

Page 77: Orphan Calling

You beginby doing your

research andasking

7<'9ধ329R

Do the methodsthey use alignwith the bestpractices?

What methodsdo they use

to achieve thisvision?

Does their mission & visioninclude keeping

families together?

Do their beliefs

align with yours?

Do theyhave a wayto measure

their effecitiveness?

Do theyhire localsand allow

communitiesto be the heroes??

You have decidedthat you want to

support an organization thatis already servingchildren & families

through community-based care, but howdo you know whatorganization to

support?

75

Page 78: Orphan Calling

Brainstorming='2�-(�@3<�!8'�23;�6£!22-2+�32�9;!8ধ2+�@3<8�3>2�38+!2-A!ধ32T�-;�-9�9ধ££�-1638;!2;�;3�#8!-29;381�@3<8�36ধ329�-2�38&'8�;3�&-9$'82�,3>�@3<�$!2�#'9;1!0'�!2�-16!$;�-2�;,'�£-='9�3(�386,!29T�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2T�;,'-8�(!1-£-'9T�!2&$311<2-ধ'9W��'+-2�#@�£-9ধ2+�@3<8�90-££9W��3<�1!@�>!2;�;3�!90�3;,'8�6'36£'�>,!;�;,'@�9''�!9�@3<8�90-££9�!2&�9;8'2+;,9W��,'2�1!0'�!�£-9;�3(�38+!2-A!ধ329�;,!;�@3<>!2;�;3�023>�138'�!#3<;W�

My Skills possible orgs

�3�@3<8�,31'>380�32�;,'�38+!2-A!ধ329�@3<�,!='�£-9;'&W��!883>�&3>2�@3<8�£-9;;3�32'�38�;>3�38+!2-A!ধ329W��'!$,�3<;�;3�;,'�;,'1�!2&�&-9$3='8�>,!;�;,'-8�2''&9�!8'�!2&�-(�@3<8�90-££�9';�1!@�#'�!#£'�;3�,'£6�)££�;,'-8�2''&9W� (�@3<�(''£�&8!>2�;3�9<6638;�!�£!8+'8�38+!2-A!ধ32T�9''�-(�;,'@�,!='�6!8ধ$<£!8�683/'$;9�@3<�!8'�-2;'8'9;'&�-2�)2&-2+�138'�!#3<;W���,';,'8�-;Z9�!�£!8+'�38�91!££�38+!2-A!ধ32T�;,'8'�!8'�>!@9�;,!;�@3<$!2�9<6638;�;,'1W��'£3>T�$,'$0�;,'�#3?'9�3(�;,'�>!@9�@3<�$!2�9<6638;�;,'�38+!2-A!ধ32l9m�@3<�(''£�&8!>2�;3W

Financially

Advocate for them and theirwork

visit and offerencouragement

Educate othersabout their work

skills training

Prayer

child sponsorship

other ____________76

Page 79: Orphan Calling

Children belong in families. Not orphanages.You can make an impact in the lives of

$,-£&8'2�-2��(8-$!�>,';,'8�-;�-9�;,83<+,�$8'!ধ2+@3<8�3>2�38+!2-A!ধ32T�9<6638ধ2+�!2�38+!2-A!ধ32

;,!;�-9�!£8'!&@�>380-2+T�38�'&<$!ধ2+�6'36£'!#3<;�;,'�'ø'$ধ='2'99�3(�$311<2-;@f#!9'&

care. Everyone has a role to play. You just have to determine yours.

77

Page 80: Orphan Calling

L1: What Do you KNow?SmallGroupDiscussion

discussion points:

Prayer Points

Experience

go Deeper

1. Share with the group why you feel called to care for orphans. (Mission Trip, Scripture, Book, etc)

Sharing Question:

1. What has been your understanding of the orphan crisis in Africa? What voices or ideas have ����-2*<'2$'&�@3<8�<2&'89;!2&-2+S2. Do you think it is possible that your understanding could be incorrect or incomplete?3. What words or images did you use to describe Joseph on page 4? Why did you decide on �����;,'9'�6!8ধ$<£!8�>38&9�!2&�-1!+'9S�W��,!;�&-&�@3<�&8!>�38�&'9$8-#'�-2�;,'�#3?�32�6!+'��S��,@�&-&�@3<�$,339'�;,-9�6!8ধ$<£!8�36ধ32S�������8'�@3<�36'2�;3�;,'�6399-#-£-;@�;,!;�;,'8'�1!@�#'�!�#'ħ'8�>!@S�W��,!8'�@3<8�8'96329'�;3�;,'�8'*'$ধ32�7<'9ধ32�32�6!+'�¥W

The Orphan Crisis

1. Pray for this small group, for openness to the voice of the Holy Spirit as you learn, pray, and act together.�W��8!@�;,!;�@3<�>3<£&�#'�!#£'�;3�=-'>�@3<8�8'96329'�;3�386,!2�$!8'�)89;�!2&�(38'139;�(831�!������$8-6;<8!£�6'896'$ধ='T�9'ষ2+�!9-&'�68'=-3<9�<2&'89;!2&-2+9W3. Pray for a sense of shared mission with one another as your group works through a how to best care for orphans and vulnerable children in Africa.

�W��9�!�+83<6T�£330�<6�;,'�&')2-ধ32�3(�!2�386,!2�!9�&')2'&�#@��� ��(3<2&�!;����,ħ6Vcc>>>W<2-$'(W38+c1'&-!c1'&-!i�����W,;1£W��-9$<99�!9�!�+83<6�>,!;�2'>�-29-+,;�@3<����&-9$3='8'&�-2�8'!&-2+�;,-9�&')2-ধ32W��-9$<99�,3>�!2�-2$388'$;�38�-2$316£';'�&')2-ধ32�1-+,;� impact an incorrect response to orphan care.

�-9;'&�#'£3>�!8'�£-209�;3�8'638;9�;,!;�>-££�+-='�@3<�!�+8'!;'8�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�386,!2�9;!ধ9ধ$9�!2&�;,'�-16£-$!ধ329�3(�,3>�!2�386,!2�-9�&')2'&W�W�,ħ6Vcc(!-;,;3!$ধ32W38+c>6f$32;'2;c<6£3!&9c����c��c�<11!8@f3(f�'9'!8$,W6&(�W,ħ6Vcc(!-;,;3!$ধ32W38+c8'93<8$'9c138'f8'93<8$'9c+£3#!£f8'638;9f9;!ধ9ধ$9f32f=<£2'8!#£'f$,-£&8'2c

Page 81: Orphan Calling

L2: What Does the Bible Say?

SmallGroupDiscussion

discussion points:

Prayer Points

Experience

go Deeper

�W��,!8'�>-;,�;,'�+83<6�>,!;�@3<8�-2-ধ!£�#-#£-$!£�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�386,!2�$!8'�>!9S�Sharing Question:

�W��,!;�3#9'8=!ধ329�&-&�@3<�>8-;'�&3>2�!#3<;�;,'��-#£'�='89'9�£-9;'&�32�6!+'��S��W��,!;�&-&�@3<�£'!82�!#3<;��3&Z9�,'!8;�!2&�&'9-+2�(38�386,!29�32�6!+'9����!2&���S��8'�;,'8'�!2@�����;8!29('8!#£'�68-2-$-6£'9�(831�386,!2�$!8'�-2�;,'��£&�!2&��'>��'9;!1'2;�;3�386,!2�$!8'�;3&!@S�W��đ'8�8'!&-2+�;,83<+,��!8;��T�,3>�&3�@3<�<2&'89;!2&�386,!2�$!8'Z9�6£!$'�>-;,-2��3&Z9��-99-32����3(��'$32$-£-!ধ32S��3>�&3'9�;,-9�&-ø'8�(831�@3<8�-2-ধ!£�#-#£-$!£�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�386,!2�$!8'S�W��330�#!$0�!;�6!+'���W��-9$<99�,3>�=-'>-2+�!2�386,!2�(831�!2�-2&-=-&<!£-9ধ$�38�$311<2!£�����6'896'$ধ='�$,!2+'9�@3<8�8'96329'W

Biblical orphan Care

�W��8!@�;,!;T�!9�@3<8�+83<6�;,-209�!#3<;�386,!2�$!8'T�@3<8�;,-20-2+�>3<£&�!£>!@9�#'�-2(381'&�!2&�����+3='82'&�#@�;,'�;8<;,�8'='!£'&�;3�<9�-2��$8-6;<8'�!2&�;,!;�>'�>3<£&�#'�!#£'�;3�,'!8�>,!;�;,'������-#£'�9!@9�'='2�>,'2�-;�-9�$,!££'2+'9�3<8�6'8932!£�38�$<£;<8!£�>38£&=-'>9W�W��8!@�(38�>-9&31�;3�023>�,3>�;3�!66£@�;,'��-#£'Z9�;'!$,-2+�!#3<;�386,!2�$!8'�;3�@3<8�$!££-2+����;3�$!8'�(38��(8-$!Z9�386,!29�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2W��W��8!@�(38�$,<8$,'9�!2&�$311<2-;@�£'!&'89�-2��(8-$!�>,3�!8'�>380-2+�;3�-2$£<&'�386,!29T�����>-&3>9T�;,'�6338T�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�-2�;,'-8�$311<2-ধ'9W�

�W��-=-&'�@3<8�+83<6�-2;3���38���9<#+83<69W��!='�'!$,�+83<6�#8!-29;381�>,!;�!�#-#£-$!£�8'96329'����;3�386,!2�$!8'�1-+,;�£330�£-0'�;3&!@�-2��(8-$!W��!0'�9<8'�;,!;�@3<8�8'96329'�9;'19�(831�!�����$311<2!£�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�!2�386,!2W��!='�'!$,�+83<6�9,!8'�;,'-8�&'9-+2�1!0-2+�9<8'�;3����'?6£!-2�,3>�-;�8'*'$;9��3&Z9��-99-32�3(��'$32$-£-!ধ32W�

(�@3<�>!2;�;3�+!-2�!�&''6'8�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(��3&Z9��-99-32T�8'!&V�W��,'��-99-32�3(��3&V��2£3$0-2+�;,'��-#£'y9��8!2&��!88!ধ='�#@��,8-9;36,'8��8-+,;

Page 82: Orphan Calling

L3: Wh0 is an orphan?

SmallGroupDiscussion

discussion points:

Prayer Points

Exercise

1. Share with the group why you originally thought children ended up in orphanages? Sharing Question:

�W��2�6!+'����@3<�£'!82'&�;,!;�¥�¦�3(�$,-£&8'2�-2�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'�,!='�-&'2ধ)!#£'�!2&�����;8!$'!#£'�8'£!ধ='9W��,!;�>!9�@3<8�-2-ধ!£�8'!$ধ32�;3�;,-9�(!$;S�2. Share the new insights you wrote down on page 24. Do any of these new insights change ����;,'�>!@�@3<�=-'>�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'S�W��2�6!+'����@3<�£'!82'&�;,!;��¥¦�3(� -1#!#>'Z9�386,!29�!8'�£-=-2+�-2�(!1-£@�9'ষ2+W��!9'&�����;,'�6<9,�!2&�6<££�(!$;389T�>,!;�'ø'$;�l639-ধ='�38�2'+!ধ='m�&3�@3<�#'£-'='�;,'�-2;83&<$ধ32�3(�����1<£ধ6£'�2'>�386,!2!+'9�>3<£&�,!='�32� -1#!#>'Z9�386,!29T�;,'-8�(!1-£-'9�!2&�$311<2-ধ'9S�

Children in Residential Care

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Page 83: Orphan Calling

Exercise cont.

go Deeper

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Page 84: Orphan Calling

L4: What is wrong with orphanages?

SmallGroupDiscussion

discussion points:

Prayer Points

Exercise

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Sharing Question:

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Unintended Consequences

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Page 85: Orphan Calling

Exercise cont.�-8!$£'9�-9�!2�'?!16£'�3(�!�[(!-;,f9!;<8!;'&\�38+!2-A!ধ32T�>,-$,�-9�$,!8!$;'8-A'&�!9!2�-29ধ;<ধ32�;,!;�1!2-('9;9�8'£-+-32�-2�!££�!96'$;9�3(�-;9�>380T�-2$£<&-2+�(<2&8!-9-2+T683+8!1�&'9-+2T�!9�!2�'?6'$;'&�3<;$31'�38�+3!£T�9;!ø�,-8-2+T�!2&�-2�;,'�&!@f;3f&!@>380-2+9�3(�;,'�38+!2-A!ধ32�l�'ø'8!2�';�!£W�����mW��,'�6£!$'�3(�8'£-+-32�-9�'?6£-$-;�-2�-8!$£'Z9�1-99-32T�$329ধ;<ধ2+�;,'�£3+-$�#',-2&�;,'�-2$'6ধ32�3(�;,'�38+!2-A!ধ32T�!9�>'££!9�-2�;,'�£'29�<9'&�;3�!6683!$,�!££�-99<'9�&'!£-2+�>-;,�;,'-8�386,!29W� 2�;,'-8�(<2&8!-9-2+T�-8!$£'9�&8!>9�32�!��,8-9ধ!2�8,';38-$�3(�'!9-2+�9<ø'8-2+�!2&�9!=-2+�$,-£&8'2T�#3;,6,@9-$!££@�!2&�8'£-+-3<9£@W��2'�3(�;,'-8�(<2&8!-9-2+�£'ħ'89�8'!&9

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n��o��,@�23;S

Page 86: Orphan Calling

Exercise cont.“[laughing] I don’t know if you have visited these typical, typical biological families herein Malawi. I wish maybe I could take you to my family so that maybe you could see my#-3£3+-$!£�8'£!ধ='9W��3�;,!;�@3<�9''�>,!;� �1'!2W��3<�>-££�9''�;,!;�£-('�-9�/<9;�&-ø'8'2;T����&-ø'8'2;W��3<�>3<£&�23;�>-9,�1'�;3�9;!@�;,'8'W� �;'££�@3<�,32'9;£@W��,'�>!@�@3<�!8'seeing me, the way you are looking at me here, you would not wish me to stay there. If �!1�9;!@-2+�;,'8'�-;�1'!29�&<16-2+�1'�;,'8'W��'$!<9'�>,'2� �!1�+3-2+�;3�1@�8'£!ধ='9T1@�#-3£3+-$!£�8'£!ধ='9T� �(''£�9388@�(38�;,'1W� �>3<£&�23;�'='2�>-9,�;,'1�;3�9;!@�<2&'8�;,'$32&-ধ329�;,'@�!8'�9;!@-2+W\

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All but a handful of children at Miracles visit their mothers, grandmothers, aunts,38�3;,'8�8'£!ধ='9�-2�;,'-8�=-££!+'9�&<8-2+�;,'��'$'1#'8�,3£-&!@�#8'!0W��,-9�6'86£'?'91!2@�3(�;,'��W�W��-8!$£'9�=3£<2;''89T�>,3�-1!+-2'�;,'9'�$,-£&8'2�,!='�23�(!1-£@W� ;�-9important to note that although these children visit their families, not one child said they>3<£&�#'�>-££-2+�;3�13='�#!$0�;3�;,'-8�8<8!£�=-££!+'9T�!2&�;,'�1!/38-;@�8'638;'&�931'£'='£�3(�$311<2-;@�,39ধ£-;@�38�/'!£3<9@�#@�=-££!+'89�#'$!<9'�3(�;,'-8�!$$'99�;3�1!;'8-!£resources.

�ধ+1!�!2&��'!£3<9@�2�386,!2�-&'2ধ;@�-9�!;�32$'�#3;,�9ধ+1!ধA'&�!2&�$3=';'&W��,-£&8'2�!;�;,'�386,!2!+'are seen as privileged because of their access to resources. As the assistant to the school,'!&1!9;'8�!;��-8!$£'9�'?6£!-2'&T

[�,'8'�-9�!�0-2&�3(�/'!£3<9@�#'$!<9'�;,'9'�0-&9�n!;��-8!$£'9o�-2�;'819�3(��!£!>-!2�9;!2&!8&9T-2�;'819�3(�;,'�$£3;,-2+�;,'@�,!='T�;,'@�,!='�!�£3;�3(�$£3;,-2+W��,'@�,!='�9,3'9W��,'@�,!='#'ħ'8�'&<$!ধ32T�;,!;�0-2&�3(�9;<øW��,'@�,!='�(33&�,'8'W��2&�;,'2�>,'2�;,'@�+3�,31';3�;,'-8�8'96'$ধ='�=-££!+'9�n(38�;,'��'$'1#'8�,3£-&!@�#8'!0o�;,'2�;,'-8�(8-'2&9�!8'�/'!£3<9because they see these children have a lot of clothing, have a lot of bedding, having a lot of9,3'9W��2&�!£93�;,'@�!8'�£330-2+�2-$'T�;,'@�!8'�£330-2+�,'!£;,@W��3T�;,'@�!8'�/'!£3<9W��-££!+'89want to have their children come to Miracles even though they are not orphans. We evenhave some children in those villages that want to come to Miracles because they see their(8-'2&9�!8'�!�£-ħ£'�#-;�#'ħ'8�3øW��,'8'�-9�!£93�;,'�9-;<!ধ32�>,'8'#@�;,'-8�8'£!ধ='9�>!2;�;3+8!#�931'�3(�;,'�;,-2+9�n;,'�386,!29o�,!='W�38�'?!16£'T�;,'-8�9,3'9T�;,'-8�$£3;,-2+T�;,!;0-2&�3(�9;<øW��,'@�>!2;�;3�+8!#�;,39'�;,-2+9�(831�;,'1�!2&�;,'2�;,'@�'='2�9!@T�[$!2�@3<9,!8'�;,'9'�$£3;,-2+�>-;,�@3<8�$3<9-29S\��2&�;,'�-8!$£'9�386,!29�!8'�(38$'&�;3�9,!8'W��2&-(�;,'�386,!2�-29-9;9�;,!;�;,'@�&32Z;�>!2;�;3�9,!8'T�;,'2�;,'�8'£!ধ='9�>-££�)2&�'='8@�;8-$0�;31!0'�9<8'�>,'2�;,'�$,-£&�-9�+3-2+�;,'@�$!2�+8!#�;,'�9;<øW�

Page 87: Orphan Calling

Exercise cont.They say, “ah, I will pack your things, your bags for you.” And then when they are packing, they will remove some of the things and then the child will realize maybe when they are in the vehicle or when they are here at Miracles that things are missing. “Oh, my shoes are not ,'8'R\��31'ধ1'9�;,'�0-&9�9,!8'�;,'�$£3;,-2+�>-££-2+£@W��,'@�9''�;,'-8�#83;,'89T�#'$!<9'�@3<�,!='�!�9-;<!ধ32�>,'8'#@�;,'8'�!8'�)='�$,-£&8'2�-2�!�(!1-£@W��,'8'�!8'�)='�-2�;,'�(!1-£@T�!2&�there is just the one who was picked to come to the orphanage. And they are being kept here 68'ħ@�>'££�,'8'W��,'�386,!29�,!='�!£139;�'='8@;,-2+�!2&�;,'2�;,'@�9''�;,'-8�@3<2+'8�9-9;'8�38�younger brother doesn’t have a blanket, bed sheets, or shoes. Then they will just give it to them.”

Although all of the children in the sample were content to live at Miracles and preferred living -2�;,'�386,!2!+'�!9�36639'&�;3�;,'-8�8<8!£�=-££!+'9T�;,'8'�>'8'�!£93�8'638;9�3(�9ধ+1!ধA!ধ32�!2&�&-9$8-1-2!ধ32�!993$-!;'&�>-;,�;,'�386,!2�-&'2ধ;@W��££�$,-£&8'2�-2�;,'�9!16£'�8'638;'&�931'�(381�of jealousy by members of the villages where they came from, as well as by people living in the $311<2-ধ'9�9<883<2&-2+�;,'�386,!2!+'W��2'�386,!2�'?6£!-2'&T

[ALF] Do you prefer staying here or in your village (where you go on holiday)?

“I prefer staying here than in my village because the community is jealous. When I go homefor the holidays [the people in the community] always say, “Don’t buy clothes for himbecause he receives a lot of things at Miracles.”

[ALF] When you graduate from here, where will you live {probe: back in your village?}

“No, because people in our village are jealous. They will not be happy if they see me doingwell. I am afraid that they may kill me.”

�,'2�!90'&�-(�=-££!+'89�;8'!;�;,'�$,-£&8'2�(831�-8!$£'9�&-ø'8'2;£@�;,!2�£3$!£�$,-£&8'2T;,'�!£!>-!2�&-8'$;38�3(�;,'�386,!2!+'�!££<&'&�;3�&-9$8-1-2!ধ32W�'�('£;�;,!;�9'6!8!ধ2+3<;�386,!29�>!9�683#£'1!ধ$�#'$!<9'�3(�;,'�9ধ+1!�9<$,�9'6!8!ধ32�$!2�$8'!;'W

[ALF] What is it like to be called an orphan?

“It’s not a proper word. I feel like since they are orphans and then calling them orphans,-;Z9�931';,-2+�;,!;�6!-29�;,'1W��,'@�(''£�£-0'�!9�-(�@3<�>'8'�9ধ+1!ধA-2+�;,'1T�9!@-2+�;,!;;,'@�$!2Z;�£-='�-2�;,'�93$-';@�>-;,�3;,'8�$,-£&8'2W��2&�;,'2�@3<�>-££�)2&�;,!;�;,'@�!8'�#'-2+segregated and that’s not a good way of dealing with children.”

�,-9�$!9'�9;<&@�,-+,£-+,;9�;,'�<2!2ধ$-6!;'&�!2&�6399-#£@�!&='89'�3<;$31'9�8'9<£ধ2+(831��-8!$£'9Z9�£!$0�3(�2<!2$'&�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�;,'��!£!>-!2�$32;'?;W��£;,3<+,�-8!$£'9�,!9�#'2'=3£'2;�-2;'2ধ329�;3�'!9'�;,'�9<ø'8-2+�3(�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2T�-;�,!9�!£93-16!$;'&�;,'�£-='9�!2&�(<;<8'9�3(�$,-£&8'2�!2&�$311<2-ধ'9�-2�>!@9�-;�&-&�23;�(38'9''W�,'�8'9<£;�-9�32'�3(�9ধ+1!T�&-9$8-1-2!ধ32T�/'!£3<9@T�!2&�;,'�&'=3£<ধ32�3(�(!1-£@�ধ'9�(38children enrolled at Miracles.

Page 88: Orphan Calling

Exercise cont.1. What unintended consequences are apparent in this case study?2. What changes do you think need to take place at Miracles?3. If you were the director of Miracles Orphanage and you read this report, what would your response be? Share your thoughts with the other groups.

go Deeper�'!&�;,'�(3££3>-2+�8'638;9�;3�£'!82�138'�!#3<;�;,'�'ø'$;9�3(�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'V�W��!=-2+��!£!>-V�!-;,(<£��'96329'9�;3��86,!29�!2&��<£2'8!#£'��,-£&8'2����,ħ6Vcc32£-2'£-#8!8@W>-£'@W$31c&3-c��W����c/W���¤f����W����W�����W?c!#9;8!$;�W����!9;��'938;V��,'�+83>-2+�$32$'82�!#3<;�$,-£&8'2�-2�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'����,ħ69Vcc>>>W$8-2W38+c&3$9c�¦��£!9;¦��8'938;W6&(�

Page 89: Orphan Calling

L5: Why do we build orphanages?

SmallGroupDiscussion

discussion points:

Prayer Points

Exercise

�W��,-$,T�-(�!2@T�3(�;,'�(3<8�8'!9329�(38�>,@��,8-9ধ!29�#<-£&�386,!2!+'9�139;�$£39'£@�8'*'$;9�@3<8������8'!932-2+S

Sharing Question:

�W��,!8'�!2&�&-9$<99�@3<8�!29>'89�;3�;,'�8'*'$ধ32�7<'9ধ329�32�6!+'����>-;,�;,'�+83<6WWhy Christians build Orphanages

�W��8!@�(38��,8-9ধ!29�-2=3£='&�-2�386,!2�$!8'�;,!;�;,'@�>3<£&�#'�+<-&'&�#@�;,'��3£@��6-8-;����!2&�23;�;,'�&'9-8'9�3(�;,'-8�&32389W�W��8!@�(38�$,<8$,'9�!2&�&32389�;3�,!='�&-9$'821'2;�!9�;,'@�-2;'8!$;�>-;,�1-2-9;8-'9�$!8-2+�����(38�386,!29�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2W�

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Page 90: Orphan Calling

Exercise cont.A Buddhist monastery moved into the city beside yours, a few miles from your house. What if the monks knocked on your door one day, when the baby was crying because her belly was '16;@�(38�;33�£32+T�!2&�3ø'8'&�(8''�9$,33£-2+�!2&�,3<9-2+�(38�@3<8�3£&'8�;>3�$,-£&8'2W��,'@�9''1'&�0-2&�!2&�!ħ'2ধ='T�!2&�;,'�>38&�(8''�>!9�&8366'&�!;�£'!9;����ধ1'9�;,83<+,3<;�;,'�$32='89!ধ32W� ;�-9�;,'�36638;<2-;@�3(�!�£-('ধ1'g

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******

But how’s a six year old girl to resist Buddhism while living in a monastery? And why should 9,'S��,'�13209�+-='�,'8�!2&�,'8�#83;,'8�9>'';9�!2&�;,'�3$$!9-32!£�;3@�(831�(38'-+2'89�>,3�=-9-;�-2�£3<&�+83<69W��,'�$,-£&8'2�+';�!�9;'!&@�&39'�3(�-2&3$;8-2!ধ32�!2&�,3;�1'!£9T�;'16£'�visits and spelling tests.

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You are disappointed, angered even. You’ve been around long enough to know that kids will #'£-'='�!#3<;�!2@;,-2+�+83>2f<69�;'££�;,'1W��<;�>,!;�3;,'8�$,3-$'�&3�@3<�,!='S���(8''�'&<$!ধ32�1-+,;�#'�>38;,��<&&,-9;�$,-£&8'2W

“At least they won’t starve,” you tell yourself.

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go Deeper�'!&�;,'�(3££3>-2+�8'638;9�;3�£'!82�!#3<;�,3>�$,<8$,'9�!2&��,8-9ধ!2�&32389�$!2�'ø'$ধ='£@�6!8;2'8�-2�,'£6-2+�386,!29�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2�-2��(8-$!V�W��3<82'@9�3(�!-;,V���8'93<8$'�+<-&'�(38�386,!2�$!8'�1-2-9;8-'9�,'£6-2+�$,-£&8'2�-2��(8-$!�{�#'@32&����,ħ6Vcc(!-;,;3!$ধ32W38+c8'93<8$'9c/3<82'@9f3(f(!-;,c

Page 91: Orphan Calling

L6: if not orphanages then what?

SmallGroupDiscussion

discussion points:

Prayer Points

Exercise

go Deeper

�W��'(38'�#'+-22-2+�;,-9�+<-&'T�,3>�>3<£&�@3<�,!='�!29>'8'&�;,'�7<'9ধ32T�[ (�23;� orphanages, then what?”

Sharing Question:

�W��,!8'�!2&�&-9$<99�@3<8�!29>'89�;3�;,'�8'*'$ধ32�7<'9ধ329�32�6!+'����>-;,�;,'�+83<6WAlternative Care Options

1. Pray for ministries involved in community-based care that they will be encouraged and ����9<6638;'&�-2�;,'-8�'ø38;9W�W��8!@�(38�38+!2-A!ধ329�!2&�-2&-=-&<!£9�>,3�!8'�>380-2+�!£32+9-&'�+3='821'2;9�;3�-16£'1'2;����386,!2�$!8'�!£;'82!ধ='9�-2�;,'-8�$3<2;8-'9W�

�W��<82�#!$0�;3�6!+'9��¥�!2&���W��'8'!&�;,'�9;38@�3(��39'6,�!2&�>,@�,'�'2&'&�<6�-2�;,'����386,!2!+'W��-=-&'�@3<8�+83<6�-2;3���;3���91!££'8�9<#+83<69W�!$,�9<#+83<6�-9�!�&-ø'8'2;� orphan care ministry that focuses on family strengthening. Your ministry was introduced to �����39'6,Z9�6!8'2;9�!đ'8�;,'@�,!&�#''2�!6683!$,'&�#@�;,'�386,!2!+'�;,!;�3ø'8'&�;3�;!0'������39'6,�-2W��!9'&�32�;,'�023>£'&+'�;,!;�@3<�+!-2'&�-2�;,-9�£'9932�!#3<;�&'='£361'2;!£�!2&�����8'96329-='�68'='2ধ32�!2&�;,'�-2(381!ধ32�683=-&'&�!#3<;��39'6,Z9�#!$0+83<2&T�&';'81-2'�����>,!;�9;8!;'+-'9�@3<8�1-2-9;8@�>3<£&�<9'�;3�68'='2;��39'6,�(831�#'-2+�6£!$'&�-2�;,'�386,!2!+'W Share your plan with the other groups.

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�W��!2��!;,'8��'638;9V�,ħ69Vcc=-1'3W$31c�������¤��6!99>38&V�&!28!;,'82. �,'��,-¡&��!;$,'89ª��'9$<'S��8!ă$0-2+S�!2&�;,'��'>��396'¡�3(��&362��3@8,;!��@#�32@$'W�W��,'��&36ধ32��8-9-9�#@��'2��!;1!0'8�����,ħ6Vcc>>>W;3&!@9$,8-9ধ!2>31!2W$31c!8ধ$£'9c����c23='1#'8c!&36ধ32f$8-9-9W,;1£S9;!8;��

Page 92: Orphan Calling

L7: What are the best Practices?

SmallGroupDiscussion

discussion points:

Prayer Points

Exercise

1. Think back over the previous lessons. Share something that you have learned that has impacted your understanding about caring for orphans and vulnerable children.

Sharing Question:

�W��,!8'�!2&�&-9$<99�@3<8�!29>'89�;3�;,'�8'*'$ধ32�7<'9ধ329�32�6!+'����>-;,�;,'�+83<6W2. Share your new vision for caring for orphans and vulnerable children that you drew on ����6!+'���W��'9$8-#'�;,'�#'9;�68!$ধ$'9�!2&�#-#£-$!£�68-2$-6£'9�;,!;�!8'�-2$£<&'&W��

Best Practices

1. Pray for ministries involved in community-based orphan care that they would make a����639-ধ='�-16!$;�32�;,'�$311<2-ধ'9�;,'@�!8'�>380-2+�>-;,W�W��8!@�;,!;�;,'�£3$!£�$,<8$,�>3<£&�#'�9<6638;'&�!2&�'7<-66'&�;3�$!8'�(38�386,!29�-2�;,'-8�����$311<2-ধ'9�93�;,!;�;,'@�1!@�8'68'9'2;��3&Z9�,'!8;�(38�;,'�=<£2'8!#£'W�

�W��330�#!$0�!;�;,'�*3>�$,!8;�32�6!+'��¥W��-=-&'�@3<8�+83<6�-2;3��f��9<#+83<69W������,339'�32'�3(�;,'�(3££3>-2+�9$'2!8-39�!2&�2!=-+!;'�;,83<+,�;,'�*3>�$,!8;�;3�&';'81-2'����;,'�#'9;�$!8'�36ধ32�(38�;,'�$,-£&�&'9$8-#'&W

Scenario #1Mary is 7 years old and lives in a small village in Zambia. She has two older brothers and a baby sister. Her mother died giving birth to her sister, but she and her siblings live with their(!;,'8W��!8@Z9�(!;,'8�£3='9�,-9�$,-£&8'2T�#<;�-9�9;8<++£-2+�;3�6<;�(33&�32�;,'�;!#£'W��'�3>29�!�91!££�(!81T�#<;�;,'8'�,!9�#''2�!�&83<+,;�!2&�1!-A'�$836�-9�(!-£-2+W��!8@Z9�;>3�3£&'8�#83;,'89are in school, but Mary has to stay home and care for her baby sister. An orphanage was just#<-£;�-2�!�2'-+,#38-2+�=-££!+'T�!2&��!8@Z9�(!;,'8�-9�$32;'16£!ধ2+�9'2&-2+��!8@�!2&�,'8�9-9;'8to live there so they can go to school.

Scenario #2�3,2�-9����!2&�,!9�#''2�£-=-2+�32�;,'�9;8'';9�3(��!-83#-�9-2$'�,'�>!9���W��'�8!2�!>!@�(831�,31'�#'$!<9'�!đ'8�,-9�13;,'8�&-'&�>,'2�,'�>!9���T�,-9�(!;,'8�#'+!2�&8-20-2+�!2&�#'$!1'physically abusive. A local church has been providing free meals for John and other street boys. John shared with the pastor that he missed his father and wanted to go home, but was unsureif his father would take him back.

Page 93: Orphan Calling

Exercise cont.Scenario #3Susan is 10 and lives in a rural town in Malawi. Her parents were recently involved in bus accidentand died, leaving Susan and her two younger sisters alone. They have a grandmother that livesin their same town, but she is unable to care for three children on her own because of her age and ,'!£;,W��<9!2Z9�(!;,'8�,!&�1'2ধ32'&�;,!;�,'�,!&�!�@3<2+'8�9-9;'8�>,3�£-='&�-2�;,'�$!6-;3£�$-;@�3(�Lilongwe. Susan’s neighbors had been caring for her and her sisters, but Susan wants to visit heraunt to see if she would care for Susan and her sisters.

Scenario #4�£'99-2+�-9����@'!89�3£&�!2&�£-='9�-2�!�9£<1�32�;,'�3<;90-8;9�3(��3,!22'9#<8+W��đ'8�,'8�(!;,'8�died of an unknown disease, Blessing’s mother recently remarried. Blessing’s step-father recently began abusing her. Blessing did not feel safe at home. So, she sought out a local community leader for help. Blessing’s paternal grandparents live nearby, but she has not seen ;,'1�3đ'2�9-2$'�,'8�(!;,'8�&-'&�9'='8!£�@'!89�'!8£-'8W��,'�$311<2-;@�£'!&'8�#'£-'='9�;,!;��£'99-2+�1!@�2''&�931'�$3<29'£-2+�38�9<6638;�#'(38'�9,'�$!2�9<$$'99(<££@�;8!29-ধ32�-2;3�,'8grandparent’s home.

Scenario #5Given is 5 months old and was found abandoned as a newborn in Kampala, Uganda. He was 6£!$'&�-2�!�#!#@Z9�,31'W��3�32'�,!9�#''2�!#£'�;3�£3$!;'�,-9�6!8'2;9�&'96-;'�!££�;,'-8�'ø38;9W�

Scenario #6Make up a scenario and share it with the other groups.

go Deeper�3�£'!82�138'�!#3<;�#'9;�68!$ধ$'9T�8'!&�;,83<+,�;,'�8'93<8$'9�£-9;'&�#'£3>V

�W��'$!<9'��'��!8'V��83+8!11-2+��<-&!2$'�(38��,-£&8'2��'68-='&�3(��!8'2;!£��!8'�����,ħ69Vcc>>>W$8-2W38+c&3$9c�'$!<9'¦���'¦���!8'W6&(�W�����<-&'£-2'9�(38�;,'��£;'82!ধ='��!8'�3(��,-£&8'2����,ħ6Vcc>>>W-99f99-W38+c����c-2&'?W6,6S-&����W�3=-2+�38>!8&V� 16£'1'2ধ2+�;,'�Y�<-&'£-2'9�(38�;,'��£;'82!ধ='��!8'�3(��,-£&8'2Z���,ħ6Vcc>>>W<2-$'(W38+c683;'$ধ32c)£'9c�3=-2+i38>!8&i 16£'1'2ধ2+i;,'i�<-&'£-2'9i2+£-9,W6&(

Page 94: Orphan Calling

L8: are orphanages ever an option?

SmallGroupDiscussion

discussion points:

Prayer Points

Exercise

go Deeper

�W��,!8'�>-;,�;,'�+83<6�@3<8�-2-ধ!£�;,3<+,;9�!#3<;�>,'2�386,!2!+'9�!2&�$,-£&8'2Z9�=-££!+'9����;,!;�@3<�>83;'�&3>2�32�6!+'���W�

Sharing Question:

�W��330�!;�;,'�)+<8'9�-2�;,'�#3?�!;�;,'�#3ħ31�3(�6!+'9���W��-9$<99�!9�!�+83<6�@3<8�3#9'8=!;329����!#3<;�;,'�!13<2;�3(�$,-£&�$!8'�-29ধ;<ধ329�;,!;�,!='�#''2�#<-£;�!2&�;,'�2<1#'8�3(�$,-£&8'2����£-=-2+�-2�;,'9'�-29ধ;<ধ329W��W� 2�;,'�9!1'�#3?T�£330�!;�;,'�;,8''�36ধ329�(38�386,!2!+'9�!2&�3;,'8�(3819�3(�8'9-&'2ধ!£����$!8'�;,!;�&3�23;�!#-&'�#@�;,'�+<-&'£-2'9W��,!;�#!88-'89�1-+,;�68'='2;�!2@�3(�;,'9'�;,8''���36ধ329�(831�#'-2+�$!88-'&�3<;S�W��,!8'�@3<8�8'96329'�;3�;,'�8'*'$ধ32�7<'9ধ32�32�6!+'���W

Orphanages as a Last resort

�W��8!@�(38�$,-£&8'2�>,3�!8'�$<88'2;£@�£-=-2+�-2�-29ধ;<ধ329T�#<;�>,3�&'9-8'�;3�#'�8'<2-;'&�����>-;,�;,'-8�(!1-£-'9W�W��8!@�(38�-2&-=-&<!£9�!2&�38+!2-A!ধ329�>,3�!8'�>380-2+�;3�8'(381�-29ধ;<ধ329�!9�>'££�����!9�;,39'�>,3�!8'�8<22-2+�-29ধ;<ধ329W�W��8!@�(38�$,-£&8'2�!2&�(!1-£-'9�>,3�!8'�#'-2+�8'<2-;'&W�

�W��-=-&'�@3<8�+83<6�-2;3���38���9<#+83<69W��!='�'!$,�+83<6�1'1#'8�9,!8'�;,'-8�6£!2�����(38�8'<2-ধ2+��39'6,�>-;,�,-9�(!1-£@W��'$-&'�!9�!�+83<6�>,!;�@3<8�6£!2�>-££�#'�!2&�;,'2����68'9'2;�-;�;3�;,'�3;,'8�+83<69W��!0'�9<8'�;3�-2$£<&'�#'9;�68!$ধ$'9�!2&�#-#£-$!£�68-2$-6£'9W

(�@3<�>!2;�;3�+!-2�!�&''6'8�<2&'89;!2&-2+�3(�(!1-£@�8'<2-)$!ধ32�!2&�386,!2!+'�8'(381�8'!&;,'�(3££3>-2+�8'638;9V��W��,'��!@�38>!8&��83/'$;��'638;����,ħ6Vcc;,'>!@(38>!8&683/'$;W38+c�W�!1-£-'9T��3;��86,!2!+'9�#@��3,2��-££-!1932�!2&��!832��8''2#'8+����>>>W$8-2W38+c&3$9c!1-£-'9¦���3;¦���86,!2!+'9W6&(

Page 95: Orphan Calling

L9: Who’s doing community-based care well?

SmallGroupDiscussion

discussion points:

Prayer Points

Exercise

go Deeper

�W��'(38'�8'!&-2+�;,83<+,��'9932��T�&-&�@3<�023>�3(�!2@�38+!2-A!ধ329�>380-2+�;3>!8&9 community-based care or family strengthening and support?

Sharing Question:

�W��,!8'�@3<8�8'96329'�;3�;,'�8'*'$ধ32�7<'9ধ32�32�6!+'�¤¥W�

organizations doing community-based care well

�W��8!@�(38�;,'�38+!2-A!ধ329�@3<�8'!&�!#3<;�-2��'9932��W��8!@�;,!;�;,'@�>3<£&�#'� succesful and be supported and encouraged in their work.�W��8!@�(38�$,<8$,'9�!2&�&32389�;3�$31'�!£32+9-&'�;,'9'�38+!2-A!ধ329�;3�3ø'8�)2!2$-!£T����'13ধ32!£�!2&�96-8-;<!£�9<6638;W��

�W��!='�'!$,�+83<6�1'1#'8�$,339'�!�6!8;2'8�;3�8'9'!8$,�!2�38+!2-A!ধ32�£-9;'&�32�6!+'�¤¥W�����330�<6�;,'-8�>'#9-;'�!2&�&-9$3='8�;,'�1-99-32�!2&�=-9-32�3(�;,'�38+!2-A!ধ32�!2&�;,'�1';,3&�����3(�$311<2-;@f#!9'&�$!8'�;,'@�<9'W��'638;�@3<8�)2&-2+9�;3�;,'�+83<6W

�3�£'!82�138'�!#3<;�;,'��£;'82!ধ='��!8'�8!1'>380�-2��+!2&!�!2&�;,'�38+!2-A!ধ329�>380-2+�>-;,-2�-;T�'?6£38'�;,'-8�>'#9-;'�!;�,ħ6Vcc>>>W!£;'82!ধ='f$!8'f<+!2&!W38+cW�£93T�'?6£38'�;,'�>'#9-;'9�3(�;,'�38+!2-A!ধ329�£-9;'&�32�6!+'�¤¥W�

Page 96: Orphan Calling

L10: What are my next steps?

SmallGroupDiscussion

discussion points:

Prayer Points

Exercise

go Deeper

1. Share with the group how your vision for orphan care has changed as you have worked through this guide.

Sharing Question:

�W��,!8'�@3<8�8'96329'9�;3�;,'�7<'9ধ329�32�6!+'�¤�W�2. Turn to the person next to you and share with them your mission statement on page 71.

Next Steps

�W��8!@�96'$-)$!££@�(38�'!$,�1'1#'8�3(�;,'�+83<6�!2&�;,'-8�$!££-2+�;3�$!8'�(38�386,!29����!2&�=<£2'8!#£'�$,-£&8'2�-2��(8-$!W��W��8!@�;,!;��3&�>3<£&�+8!2;�'!$,�6'8932�>-9&31�!2&�&-9$'821'2;�;3�023>�,3>�;,'@����$!2�6!8ধ$-6!;'�-2��3&Z9��-99-32�;,83<+,�386,!2�$!8'W���

�W��!='�'!$,�+83<6�1'1#'8�9,!8'�>,'8'�;,'@�(''£��3&�-9�£'!&-2+�;,'1W� (�;,'@�9ধ££�(''£�$!££'&����;3�9;!8;�!2�38+!2-A!ধ32T�,!='�;,'1�9,!8'�;,'-8�#8!-29;381-2+�23;'9�(831�6!+'���W��8!@����(38�!2&�'2$3<8!+'�'!$,�6'8932�-2�;,'�+83<6�-2&-=-&<!££@W�

�32ধ2<'�;3�&-!£3+<'�>-;,�6'36£'�>,3�!8'�>380-2+�;3�0''6�$,-£&8'2�3<;�3(�386,!2!+'9�!2&�-2�(!1-£-'9W�381�!�9<6638;�;'!1�!83<2&�@3<�!9�@3<�#'+-2�;3�6<89<'�@3<8�=-9-32W��90�7<'9ধ329T�8'!&�;,'�'?6'8;9T�!2&�#'�>-££-2+�;3�$316831-9'W��6'2&�ধ1'�8'!&-2+��$8-6;<8'�!2&�-2�68!@'8�;3�1!0'�9<8'�;,!;�'='8@;,-2+�@3<�&3�8'*'$;9��3&Z9�,'!8;�(38�;,'�386,!2'&�!2&�=<£2'8!#£'W�

Page 97: Orphan Calling

Footnotes

81

What did the experts

say?

Lesson 2�f��-$ধ32!8@�3(�;,'��£&��'9;!1'2;V��'2;!;'<$,V����316'2&-<1�3(��32;'1638!8@��-#£-$!£��$,3£!89,-6T�9W=W�[�86,!2W\�f #-&�f #-&�f #-&�f #-&¤f�!=-&��13£-2T�[�(��86,!29�!2&��&36ধ32T��!8'2;9�!2&�;,'��338T�?6£3-;!ধ32�!2&��'9$<'V����$8-6;<8!£�!2&��,'3£3+-$!£������8-ধ7<'�3(�;,'�=!2+'£-$!£��,8-9ধ!2��&36ধ32�!2&��86,!2��!8'��3='1'2;T\��'+'2;��3<82!£�3(� 2;'82!ধ32!£��!>�¥T����23W���l����mW�,ħ6Vcc>3809W#'68'99W$31c&!=-&i913£-2c���l!$$'99'&��3='1#'8���T�����mW����W�f11!2<'£��!;32+3£'�!2&��,8-9��-$'T��'$32$-£-2+��££��,-2+9V����,8-9ধ!2��-9-32�(38��<9ধ$'T��'!$'�!2&��'!£-2+T��'93<8$'9�����(38��'$32$-£-!ধ32�l�3>2'89��83='T� ££WV� ����3309T����¥mT���W

Lesson 3�f��!=-&��3£(8''T��33(9�!2&��33;9V��,'�$!8'�3(�9'6!8!;'&�$,-£&8'2�-2�;,'�&'='£36-2+�>38£&T��32&32T��!='�;,'�������,-£&8'2���W�l����mT���f��W�f�2&8'!�8'-&<9T�[�!=-2+��!£!>-V�!-;,(<£��'96329'�;3��86,!29�!2&��<£2'8!#£'��,-£&8'2\�-2��!6!��<££'ধ2���U���W�f�!£!2-&,-��<##!8!3�!2&��-!2'��3<8@T��'!$,-2+��<;�;3��(8-$!y9��86,!29V�!�8!1'>380�(38��<#£-$��$ধ32����l�!9,-2+;32T���V��38£&��!20��<#£-$!ধ329T�����mT��¤W�f��!832��8''2#'8+T��3,2��-££-!1932T�!1-£-'9��3;��86,!2!+'9W�l����mW�,ħ6Vcc>>>W$8-2W38+c&3$9c����!1-£-'9¦���3;¦���86,!2!+'9W6&(�l!$$'99'&��3='1#'8���T�����mT�¥W�f�!='�;,'��,-£&8'2T�Y���!9;��'938;V��,'�+83>-2+�$32$'82�!#3<;�$,-£&8'2�-2�8'9-&'2ধ!£�$!8'ZT��!='�;,'��,-£&8'2T���T�����32�#',!£(�3(�;,'� 2;'82!ধ32!£��!='�;,'��,-£&8'2��££-!2$'T�����T��¤W¤f�3£(8''T��33(9�!2&��33;9T����W�f #-&WT���W¥f #-&WT���W�f��'3ø�39;'8T�[�!(';@��';9�38��,-£&8'2��ø'$;'&�#@�� �V��-&9�-2��3<;,'82��(8-$!T\�-2����'2'8!ধ32�!;��-90S�������-=c!-&9T��<£2'8!#£'��,-£&8'2�!2&��'$<8-;@�-2��3<;,'82��(8-$!T�'&W��3#@2��,!83!,T��-2&!��-$,;'8T�!2&��'='8£@��-££-!2�����l�3<;,��(8-$!V� 29ধ;<;'�(38��'$<8-;@��;<&-'9T�����mT�,ħ6Vcc>>>W-99!(8-$!W38+c6<#9c�323+8!6,9c�3���c�����,!6�W6&(�l!$$'99'&��3='1#'8���T�����mT�¥�W��f�;'6,'2��!11'8T�[�'£-+-3<9�$311<2-ধ'9�;!0'�;,'�£'!&W\�!1-£@�!2&��311<2-;@��-2-9;8-'9���T�23W���l�<2'��T�����mV�������������'£-+-32��!;!#!9'�>-;,������'8-3!£9T�����,39';W��¤W�l!$$'99'&��3='1#'8�¥T�����WmT��¤W��f�8''2#'8+�!2&��-££-!1932T�!1-£-'9��3;��86,!2!+'9T��W��f��!11'8T��'£-+-3<9��311<2-ধ'9T��¤W

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82

Lesson 4�f��W��£9'2T� W�W��2-+,;T�!2&��W�39;'8T�831�!-;,�;3��$ধ32V��;8'2+;,'2-2+�!1-£@�!2&��311<2-;@��!8'�(38��86,!29������!2&��<£2'8!#£'��,-£&8'2�-2��<#f��!,!8!2��(8-$!�l���¤mW�,ħ6Vcc>>>W(!-;,#!9'&$!8'(38386,!29W38+c6&(c!-;,f;3f������$ধ32f 2-ধ!ধ='f�<#£-$!ধ32W6&(�l!$$'99'&��3='1#'8���T�����mW���W�f��<##!8!3�T��'!$,-2+��<;�;3��(8-$!Z9��86,!9T���W�f� #-&WT���W�f��3£(8''T��33(9�!2&��33;9T����W�f��3,2��-££-!1932T�[�!8'�(38��(8-$!y9�$,-£&8'2�386,!2'&�#@�� ��T\��,<8$,�{��3$-';@���T�23W���l�3='1#'8��T�����mV�����¥�f��T�������'£-+-32��!;!#!9'�>-;,������'8-3!£9T�����,39';W�l!$$'99'&��'$'1#'8���T�����WmT���W¤f�8'-&<9T��!=-2+��!£!>-T���W�f��!8'�38��86,!29T���� �W�!1-£@��'!£;,� 2;'82!ধ32!£T������,ħ6Vcc>>>W,-=63£-$@W38+c�-#8!8@c���������W6&(�����l!$$'99'&��3='1#'8�¥T�����mW���W¥f�8'-&<9T��!=-2+��!£!>-T���W�f� #-&WT��¥W��f� #-&WT�¤�W��f��38-22!��9!0@T�[�''6-2+��,-£&8'2��<;�3(��!81(<£� 29ধ;<ধ329V��,@��'��,3<£&��'� 2='9ধ2+�-2�!1-£@f�!9'&���������!8'T\�l�32&32V��!='�;,'��,-£&8'2T�����mT��W��f��3£(8''T��33(9�!2&��33;9T��¤W��f��9!0@T��''6-2+��,-£&8'2��<;T��W��f� #-&W

Lesson 5�f��3£(8''T��33(9�!2&��33;9T��¥W�f��3+'8��£932T�[�3>�;3�,'£6�386,!29V�386,!2!+'9�!8'�23;�!£>!@9�;,'�#'9;�!29>'8T\��,8-9ধ!2-;@��3&!@���T�23W��������l�!2<!8@T��T�����mV�¤�T�������'£-+-32��!;!#!9'�>-;,������'8-3!£9T�����,39';W�l!$$'99'&��'$'1#'8�¥T�����Wm�¤�W�f��-££-!1932T�!1-£-'9��3;��86,!2!+'9T��W�f #-&W�f�8'-&<9T��!=-2+��!£!>-T��¥W¤f��W�2+£'T��W��83A!T��W��83!80T����8''2#'8+T��W��<20'89�!2&��W��<,!1'&8!,-13=T�[���� ���� �������� ����������� ���������������������������� �������� ��������\�-2��323+8!6,9�3(�;,'��3$-';@�(38��'9'!8$,������-2��,-£&��'='£361'2;T��¤V���¤W�f��!9;��'938;T���W¥f��3<8-9T��-0'��3<8-9T���W�f��@22'��@#'£9T��'88@��£932��[�,'�$!££�;3�!$ধ32V�£'99329�£'!82'&T\�!1-£@�!2&��311<2-;@��-2-9;8-'9���T�23W��f�������l�<2'��T�����mV��¤f��T�������'£-+-32��!;!#!9'�>-;,������'8-3!£9T�����,39';W�l!$$'99'&��'$'1#'8���T�����mW���

Footnotes Cont.

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Lesson 61- Oswald, Elizabeth. Because We Care: Programming Guidance for Children Deprived of Parental Care. Monrovia, CA: World Vision. 2009. 8.2- Ibid., 22.3- Tolfree, Roofs and Roots, 151.4- Ibid., 152.�f��3£(8''T��83;'$ধ32�!$;�9,'';V��,-£&�683;'$ধ32�!2&�$!8'�8'£!;'&�&')2-ধ329T��!='�;,'��,-£&8'2���T�����T�¤W�¤f��-29,-6��!8'V��83=-&-2+��39-ধ='�!2&��!('��!8'�(38��,-£&8'2��-=-2+��>!@�831��31'W��!='�;,'��,-£&8'2���T�����W��W�f��9>!£&T��'$!<9'��'��!8'T���W8- Ibid., 8.�f��-29,-6��!8'T��W10- Ibid.��f��£932T��WT� W��W��2-+,;T�!2&��W�39;'8W����¤W��3<82'@9�3(�!-;,V����'93<8$'��<-&'�(38��86,!2��!8'��-2-9;8-'9W���������'£6-2+��,-£&8'2�-2��(8-$!�!2&��'@32&T���W��f�39;'8T��!(';@��';9T���W��f��!=-&��3£(8''T��83;'$ধ32�!$;�9,'';T���W��f�,ħ6Vcc>>>W!£;'82!ধ='f$!8'f<+!2&!W38+c��f�,ħ6Vcc>>>W!£;'82!ধ='f$!8'f<+!2&!W38+c!£;'82!ধ='f$!8'f(8!1'>380W,;1£�¤f� #-&W��f� #-&W

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