Oromo Community Organization

Diabetes Mellitus (Dhibee Sukkaara)

By: Wandaye Deressa,

What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose, commonly called blood sugar

Why should I Care?

Why should I Care?

Why should I Care?

FAST FACTS ON DIABETES (CDC 2011)

Diabetes affects 25.8 million people in us

( 8.3% of the U.S. population)

About 1.9 million people aged 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2010

FAST FACTS ON DIABETES (CDC 2011)

Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, nontraumatic lower limb amputations, and new cases of blindness among adults in the United States.

Diabetes is a major cause of heart disease and stroke.

Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United

Sulultaa

Two Types of Diabetes Mellitus

Type I (5-10%)

(Insulin dependent,

Juvenile onset diabetes)

Type II (90-95%)

(Non insulin Dependent,

Adult onset diabetes)

What is Insulin

What is Insulin

Sugar gets into cells with the help of a hormone called insulin. If there is not enough insulin, or if the body stops responding to insulin, sugar builds up in the blood.

That is what happens to people with diabetes.

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

People with type 1 diabetes make little or no insulin.

Treatment

Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves 2 key

partsMeasuring your blood sugar often, to make sure it does not get too high or too low.

● Using insulin shots or an insulin pump to

keep your blood sugar levels in the right

range

Treatment

People with type 1 diabetes also need to carefully plan their meals and activity levels

That's because eating raises blood sugar, while being active lowers it.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

People with type 2 diabetes make too little insulin, but more often the problem is that their body’s cells do not respond to insulin.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

The body’s cells do not respond to insulin

The body does not make enough insulin

Or both

Symptoms (mallattolee)

Intense thirst Being very tired Urinating often Losing weight. Blurred vision

Symptoms (mallattolee)

Nausea or vomiting, Belly pain Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal Feeling very hungry - even though you are

eating May be no symptom(Type II)

Risk Factors

Age ≥45 years. Overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥25

kg/m2). Diabetes mellitus in a first-degree relative. Sedentary lifestyle. High-risk ethnic or racial group (eg,

Risk Factors

African-American or Black race, Hispanic, Native American, Asian-American, and Pacific Islanders).

History of delivering a baby weighing >4.1 kg (9 lb) or of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90

Risk Factors

High cholestrol(HDL ≤35 mg/dL or triglyceride concentration ≥250 mg/dL

A1C ≥5.7 percent, impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose.

Treatment

There are a few medicines that help control

blood sugar. Some people need to take pills that help the body make more insulin or that help insulin do its job. Others need insulin shots.

Can type II diabetes be prevented?

Yes

To reduce your chances of getting type 2 diabetes

Make diet modification ( balanced diet, fruits, vegetables)

weight loss (BMI ≤25) If you already have the disorder, losing

weight can improve your health and blood sugar control. Being active can also help prevent or control the disorder.

Why is it important to keep my blood sugar close to normal?

Nerve damage Kidney disease

●Vision problems (or even blindness)

●Pain or loss of feeling in the hands and feet

●The need to have fingers, toes, or other body parts removed (amputated)

●Heart disease and strokes

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