1. Crude oil is found in the Earth’s crust2. It was formed from the remains of sea

creatures that lived millions of years ago

3. It is a fossil fuel

Formation of OilFormation of OilFormation of OilFormation of Oil

Formation of Oil

Formation of OilFormation of OilFormation of OilFormation of Oil

Formation of Oil

Finding OilFinding OilFinding OilFinding Oil

Finding Oil

1. Crude oil contains a mixture of hydrocarbons

2. Hydrocarbons have different lengths and therefore different boiling points

3. They can be separated by fractional distillation

4. Each fraction is put to a different use depending on the properties of the hydrocarbon

Crude OilCrude OilCrude OilCrude Oil

Crude Oil

Crude OilCrude OilCrude OilCrude Oil

Crude Oil

DistillationDistillationDistillationDistillation

Crude Oil

Fractional DistillationFractional DistillationFractional DistillationFractional Distillation

Fractional Distillation

1. A hydrocarbon is a molecule which contains hydrogen and carbon atoms only

2. The longer the carbon chain the;• Higher the boiling point• Less volatile it is• More viscous it is• Less flammable it is

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbonsHydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons

Comparing hydrocarbonsComparing hydrocarbonsComparing hydrocarbonsComparing hydrocarbons

Comparing hydrocarbons

1. Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which all carbon atoms are bonded by single covalent bonds

2. Alkanes are said to be saturated3. The alkanes are named according to

the number of carbon atoms (methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane etc.)

4. Alkanes do not turn bromine water colourless

AlkanesAlkanesAlkanesAlkanes

Alkanes

AlkanesAlkanesAlkanesAlkanes

Alkanes

1. Hydrocarbons with long chains have limited use due to their lack of flammability

2. Large hydrocarbons can be broken down (cracked) into smaller, more useful substances

3. This process uses heat and a catalyst4. It is a type of thermal decomposition

reaction

CrackingCrackingCrackingCracking

Cracking

CrackingCrackingCrackingCracking

Cracking

CrackingCrackingCrackingCracking

Cracking

1. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond

2. Alkenes are said to be unsaturated3. Alkenes can be identified using

bromine water. The yellow-brown bromine water goes colourless.

AlkenesAlkenesAlkenesAlkenes

Alkenes

AlkenesAlkenesAlkenesAlkenes

Alkenes

AlkenesAlkenesAlkenesAlkenes

Alkenes

1. Alkenes are reactive and are called monomers

2. Monomers (e.g. ethene) can react together to form polymers (e.g. poly(ethene))

3. This process is called polymerisation4. Addition polymerisation has taken

place if no other products are made5. Plastics are polymers

PolymersPolymersPolymersPolymers

Polymers

PolymerisationPolymerisationPolymerisationPolymerisation

Polymerisation

1. Poly(ethene) is used for making plastic bags and bottles

2. Poly(propene) is used for making crates and ropes

3. Most plastics are not biodegradable – they cannot be broken down by microorganisms. They can lead to problems with waste disposal

Uses of PlasticsUses of PlasticsUses of PlasticsUses of Plastics

Uses of Plastics

Uses of PlasticsUses of PlasticsUses of PlasticsUses of Plastics

Uses of Plastics

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Design a molecule

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