ORGAN

A presentation by:Lily Zabrina Zainal Akmar

Mariah SaidiFathin Nabilah Abdul Rashid

TRANSPLANT

His

tory • started as early as year 300 , the middle ages,by

Cosmos and Damian.

• French surgeon Alexis Carrel,began to experiment with the transplantation of arteries and veins, was the first to identify the problem of rejection. Won Nobel Prize in 1912

• 1954, Dr. Joseph Murray performed the first successful transplant of a kidney between identical twins.1962 , first successful transplantation of a kidney from a dead body to a living one.

Conditions• For organ transplant: -Organ donors may be living, or brain dead. -Brain dead =donor must have received an

injury to the part of the brain that controls heartbeat and breathing. Breathing is maintained via artificial sources, which, in turn, maintains heartbeat.

• For tissue transplant: -The donor can be either living,brain-dead or

deceased(cardiac dead) . Tissue may be recovered from donors who are cardiac dead - up to 24 hours past the cessation of heartbeat. Unlike organs, most tissues can be preserved and stored for up to 5 years.

Thoracic organs~Heart (Deceased-donor only)~Lung (Deceased-donor and Living-Donor)

Abdominal organs~Kidney (Deceased-donor and Living-Donor)~Liver(Deceased-donor and Living-Donor)~Pancreas(Deceased-donor only)~Intestine (Deceased-donor and Living-Donor)~Stomach(Deceased-donor only)

Tissues, cells, fluids~Hand(Deceased-donor only)~Cornea(Deceased-donor only)~Islets of Langerheans (Pancreas Islet Cells) (Deceased-donor and Living-Donor)~Bone Marrow (Living-Donor and Autograft)~Heart valve (Deceased-Donor, Living-Donor)~Bone (Deceased-Donor and Living-Donor)

Examples….

Types of Transplant

• 1) Autograft-Transplant of tissue to the same

person (within one’s own body)-Sometimes an autograft is done to

remove thetissue and then treat it or the person,

beforereturning it

Skin

Gra

ft• transplantation of skin. • to treat

extensive wounding or trauma,burns, or diseases (necrotizing fasciitis,purpura fulminans)

Walter Yeo is a WWI , loss of both his upper and lower eyelids.He isconsidered one of the first plastic surgery patients, treated by SirHarold Gilles in 1917.

Necrotizing fasciitis

Third degree burns

Skin graft to treat burns

By Pa

ss• CABG• a healthy blood vessel from

another part of the body is taken and make a detour around the blocked part of the coronary artery:

• artery from the chest wall,a piece of a long vein from the leg

Blood• Autologous blood donation. Patients can donate and store their own blood in advance. This stored blood will be used if a blood transfusion is necessary.

• 2)Allograft-An allograft is a transplant of an organ

or tissue between two genetically non-identical members of the same species

-When organs or tissues are transplanted from a donor to a genetically identical recipient (identical twin),it is termed Isograph.In this case,there is no case of rejection,no immune response is triggered.

• 3)Xenograft-Transplants occur from one species to

another.Eg: porcine heart valve transplants-Its extremely dangerous as there is

non-compatibility,risk of rejection, and disease carried in the tissue.

Islamic Views

• Islamic Jurisprudence Academy(Organization of Islamic Conference)

ordinance 4/1,dated 11.02.1988 :organ or tissue transplantation within one’s own body is permissible on condition that its benefits will be more than its harms, and it should be done with the purpose of recovering a defect or illness which causes the patient any biological or psychological disturbances.

Why is it Permissible?

��ا ع م�ي ج� ج ج��ا ٱل ج� ج� ج� ج�ا �� ج ج�ا ج� ج� م� ر� ج�� ر� ٱ م�ى �� ع ج�ا ج� ر� ج� !� ر" ج� م# ري ج$ م% ج�ا س ر" ج� ج� ج� ج� ج)ن  

•because it is a form of treatment for a medical condition

•consistent with the objectives of the Syari’ah (maqasid Syari’ah)

that privileges human welfare and interest, as well as the

preservation of human life

• However, the transplant cannot bring harm to the donor.

“a harm cannot be removed in a way that leads to another type

of harm.”“Unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land – it would be as if he slew the whole people: and if any one saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the whole people.” (al-maidah,ayat 32)

Is it considered as changin our natural characteristics?

• We must accepts Allah’s qada’ and qadar • Nonetheless, we are also required to try and find 

suitable solutions to the problems we face . “ikhtiyar”

• We must find cures for our illnesses, and only leave the ultimate success or otherwise to Allah S.W.T. 

Hadith Rasulullah S.A.W:

"Tidaklah Allah menurunkan suatu penyakit, melainkan Dia juga menurunkan ubatbaginya."

Should’nt we just accept our illness?

In fact,Islam encourages organ donation….

• highly encouraged• principles that are universal and

humanitarian.• rahmah i.e. to show compassion,

helping one another, and making (jariah) donations.

• Islam also emphasizes ta’awun (helping one another).