Order - TorpediniformesFamily - Narkidae

Order - TorpediniformesFamily - Narkidae

The Sleeper RaysThe Sleeper Rays

www.mainenterprises.co.nz/

NarkidaeNarkidaeTorpediniformes

Narkidae or subfamily Narkinae

Crassinarke• Crassinarke dormitorHeteronarce• Heteronarce garmani• Heteronarce mollis

Narke• Narke capensis• Narke dipterygia• Narke japonica

Temera• Temera hardwickii

Typhlonarke• Typhlonarke aysoni *Electrolux•Electrolux addisoni n ~ 12 species

Family Narcinidae -Subfamilies Narkidae & Narcininae? • 4-5 Genera• Appoximately 12 species (Compagno 2005)

Defining CharacteristicsDefining Characteristics Electric rays with broadly

rounded snouts Cranial rostrum reduced to a

narrow medial rod Circular/disk shaped body Short jaws not highly

protrusible Strong labial cartilage Transverse mouth w/ shallow peripheral groove Monocuspidate teeth Precaudal tail moderately long and stout Large caudal fin population doubling time 4.5 -

14yrs

Electric rays with broadly rounded snouts

Cranial rostrum reduced to a narrow medial rod

Circular/disk shaped body Short jaws not highly

protrusible Strong labial cartilage Transverse mouth w/ shallow peripheral groove Monocuspidate teeth Precaudal tail moderately long and stout Large caudal fin population doubling time 4.5 -

14yrs

Heteronarce & Elecrolux- 2 dorsal fins Crasinarke, Narke, Typhlonarke - 1 dorsal fin Temera - no dorsal fins

Typhlonarke aysoni - blind electric ray, blind legged torpedo

Typhlonarke aysoni - blind electric ray, blind legged torpedo

Biology: • Found on the continental shelf and slope• Bathydemersal, marine, depth range 65 – 900 m• Endemic to New ZealandMorphology: • 15 - 38 cm TL • One dorsal fin• No anal spines• Dark brown dorsally, light brown ventrally• Almost useless eyes• Large part of the anterior is modified muscle-electric organs to

stun prey, possibly navigation and prey detection in murky waters Red List Status: Data deficientDangerous: harmless

Biology: • Found on the continental shelf and slope• Bathydemersal, marine, depth range 65 – 900 m• Endemic to New ZealandMorphology: • 15 - 38 cm TL • One dorsal fin• No anal spines• Dark brown dorsally, light brown ventrally• Almost useless eyes• Large part of the anterior is modified muscle-electric organs to

stun prey, possibly navigation and prey detection in murky waters Red List Status: Data deficientDangerous: harmless

Temera hardwickii - Finless Sleeper Ray Temera hardwickii - Finless Sleeper Ray

Kelvin K P Lim

• Greyish-brown with pale edges to the fins• max 46 cm TL• Disk width ~7.5 cm• Demersal marine, found inshore and offshore in continental waters usually on sandy areas and reefs• Tropical, Indo-West Pacific- Andaman Sea near Thailand to Burma

Importance: aquarium trade, public aquariums

Red List Status: Not in IUCN Red List

• Produces electric shocks when handled.

Narke japonica Japanese sleeper ray

Narke japonica Japanese sleeper ray

Basically same 40 cm TL Subtropical, reef-associated, depth 12-23m Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the South China

Sea near Hong Kong. Does not do well in aquariums, minor value as food

Basically same 40 cm TL Subtropical, reef-associated, depth 12-23m Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the South China

Sea near Hong Kong. Does not do well in aquariums, minor value as food

fishwatcher.la.coocan.jpfishing-forum.org

Narke capensis Cape numbfish

Narke capensis Cape numbfish

SFSA

Zsilavecz, G. Zsilavecz, G.

• Demersal depth range 20 – 183 m• Subtropical - Southeast Atlantic, Cape Point to central Natal, South AfricaPossibly occurring in Mozambique and Madagascar

The Fish Database of Taiwan

Demersal marine Temperate, Western Pacific

southern Japan to the South China Sea

Demersal marine Temperate, Western Pacific

southern Japan to the South China Sea

Crassinarke dormitor

Sleeper torpedo Crassinarke dormitor

Sleeper torpedo

Heteronarce mollis

Soft electric ray Heteronarce mollis

Soft electric ray

• 22.5 cm SL• Tropical, deep waters• Western Indian Ocean, Gulf of Aden

Hegar

• 25 cm TL• Subtropical, 73 – 329 m• Western Indian Ocean: southern Mozambique to Algoa Bay, South Africa

Heteronarce garmani Natal electric ray

Electrolux addisoniElectrolux addisoni Named after Mark Addison

who collected the holotype and the Electrolux vacuum cleaner company. (photographed in

1984, specimen 2003)

20.2 cm TL

Dorsal dark brown with small pale yellow spots & concentric black stripes

Endemic to East Coast South Africa

Named after Mark Addison who collected the holotype and the Electrolux vacuum cleaner company. (photographed in

1984, specimen 2003)

20.2 cm TL

Dorsal dark brown with small pale yellow spots & concentric black stripes

Endemic to East Coast South Africa

Dr Phil Heemstra

JC Penny

Electrolux addisoniElectrolux addisoni Nostrils-nasal curtain Mouth-Jaws Chondrocranium Skeleton - more vertebrae Prominent spiracular

papillae

Nostrils-nasal curtain Mouth-Jaws Chondrocranium Skeleton - more vertebrae Prominent spiracular

papillaeHolotype

References:

Carrier, J.C., Musick, J.A., Heithaus, M.R., 2004. Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press, pp. 81-91.

Compagno, LJV & PC Heemstra (2007) Electrolux addisoni, a new genus and species of electric ray from the east coast of South Africa (Rajiformes: Torpedinoidei: Narkidae), with a review of torpedinoid taxonomy. Smithsonian Bulletin 7, 15–49. ------Cited by www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk, New fish named after vacuum cleaner, Heok Hee Ng: 2.7.2007

Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2007.FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (08/2007), accessed 10/1/07.

IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 25 October 2007.

Nelson, J.S., 2006. Fishes of the World 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 73.

Hamlett, W. C., 1999. Sharks, Skates, and Rays the Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. The John Hopkins University Press. pp. 33.

References:

Carrier, J.C., Musick, J.A., Heithaus, M.R., 2004. Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press, pp. 81-91.

Compagno, LJV & PC Heemstra (2007) Electrolux addisoni, a new genus and species of electric ray from the east coast of South Africa (Rajiformes: Torpedinoidei: Narkidae), with a review of torpedinoid taxonomy. Smithsonian Bulletin 7, 15–49. ------Cited by www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk, New fish named after vacuum cleaner, Heok Hee Ng: 2.7.2007

Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2007.FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (08/2007), accessed 10/1/07.

IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 25 October 2007.

Nelson, J.S., 2006. Fishes of the World 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 73.

Hamlett, W. C., 1999. Sharks, Skates, and Rays the Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. The John Hopkins University Press. pp. 33.

Any Questions? Any Questions?