ORAL SURGERY 1ORAL SURGERY 1Dr. Antonio N. Mirador Jr. DMD, MAT,FPCOMS

Clinical Instructor.Oral Surgery Section

Centro Escolar University, School of Dentistry

Oral surgery is a branch of dentistry which covers the treatment of bone and soft tissues of the head and neck region. It is usually involves surgery to cure infections, remove unwanted growth, correct bony mal-alignment, correct jaw functions, repair bony fractures and biopsy.

Oral surgery is either done in a hospital set up or oral surgery clinics.

An oral surgeon is a dentist who specializes in different aspects of surgery both in and around the mouth. They diagnose and treat defects, injuries, and diseases involving the head, mouth, teeth, gums, jaws, and neck.

ORAL SURGERY – a specialty of practice in the field of Dentistry that includes:

• Diagnosis and surgical treatment of injuries, diseases and malformations of the mouth and jaws

• A discipline which is devoted to the care of the sick and offers effective management for a large group of illness such as:

a. CONGENITAL DEFECTS – disorder which is present at birth. Ex. Harelip

b. INFECTIONS – invasion of a host by an organisms ex. Virus, bacteria.

c. INJURIES – stress upon an organism that disrupts the different structures in the body or its function ex. Wound

d. NEOPLASM – aberrant growth of abnormal cells ex. Tumor

e. METABOLIC AND FUNCTIONAL DERANGEMENT ex. Overgrowth

f. ORGAN REPLACEMENT - EX. Implants

a. CONGENITAL DEFECTS – disorder which is present at birth. Ex. Harelip

b. INFECTIONS – invasion of a host by an organisms ex. Virus, bacteria.

c. INJURIES – stress upon an organism that disrupts the different structures in the body or its function ex. Wound

d. NEOPLASM – aberrant growth of abnormal cells ex. Tumor

e. METABOLIC AND FUNCTIONAL DERANGEMENT ex. Overgrowth

f. ORGAN REPLACEMENT - EX. Implants

SCOPE:• Extraction of erupted teeth and removal of fractured roots• Perform minor pre-prosthetic surgical procedures with local anesthesia in an office setting• Manage minor infections of teeth and soft tissues• Evaluate oral pathological lesion and determine the need for biopsy

SURGEON - a physician or a dentist who is specially trained and qualified to perform opertaions and practice surgery.

REQUIREMENTS OF AN EXCELLENT SURGEON:

1.Must be TECHNICALLY SKILLED with a strong components of HUMANISM, KINDNESS and COMPASSION

2. Must have good surgical judgement, which is a measure of both of his MATURITY and SURGICAL EXPERIENCE

a. PERSONAL INSIGHT – the surgeon must know his limitations and be able to work with others as a team.

b. MATURITY OF THINKING – he must be able to decide under stress especially during emergency

c. RESPECT FOR LIVING TISSUES – Must strive to preserve living tissues.

d. PROFOUND RESPECT AND REVERENCE FOR LIFE - He must posses great understanding with regards to the welfare of the sick.

ANCIENT HISTORY OF ORAL SURGERY

The history of ORAL SURGERY begins with the EGYPTIAN from 1600 or 1700 B.C. and follows by the GREEKS, who introduced scientific medicine around 500 B.c.

The first account of all Surgical procedures was the treatment of facial injuries, found in the EDWIN SMITH PAPYRUS, now in the NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LIBRARY.

Picture of The Edwin Smith Medical Papyrus

This manuscript which dated from 1600 – 1700 B.C. desribed 27 head injuries, including descriptions of the jaw and injuries to the lip and chin, with diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

HIPPOCRATES

• Born around 460 B.C.• Described the treatment of jaw fractures• Advised the removal of decayed teeth

IT IS KNOWN THAT THE GREEK USED A TYPE OF

DENTAL FORCEPS

The highly developed civilization of the roman empire was next to make its contribution to the treatment of pathologic processes of the oral regions as well as jaw fractures

The Fall of this empire plunged the christian world into a scientific void from which , it only began to recover in the10th and 11th centuries A.D.

Beginning in ITALLY, this renaisance, spread throughout Europe and reached its scientific and cultural maturity in the 14th , 15th ,16th centuries.

While scientific advancement is generally conceded to have been outstripped by the great cultural or artistic achievements , ANATOMICAL AND SURGICAL ADVANCEMENTS WERE NOTEWORTHY.

AMBROISE PARE (1510-1591)

• French Surgeon• Described methods of transplanting and re-implanting teeth• Drained dental abscesses • Set jaw fractures.

AMERICAN HISTORY – 19TH CENTURYGreat Pioneers in the Specialty of Oral Surgery

SIMON R. HULLIHEN (1810-1857)

• First man designated as an oral surgeon.• He described treatment of cleft lip and palate• Treatment of maxillary sinus infections

• Resection of a part of the mandible • Construction of a metal cap splint for the treatment of fractured mandible• Developed numerous dental instruments.

JAMES E. GARRETSON (1820-1856)

• Known to be the Father of “ORAL SURGERY”• He is a professor of oral surgery in Philadelphia Dental College, now School of Dentistry, Temple University• He published a Monumental Work in 1869 named “A TREATISED ON DESEASES AND SURGERY OF THE MOUTH, JAWS AND ASSOCIATED PARTS.

DISTINGUISHED PIONEERS IN ORAL SURGERY

TRUMAN W. BROPHY (1848-1928)

• Best known for the “ BROPHY OPERATION “ for cleft palate• He attained world fame as an oral surgeon.• A constant contributor to Dental and Medical literature.• A leader in the development of dental education

• He was one of the organizers of the chicago college of dental surgery.• Served for 40 years as professor of ORAL SURGERY and as DEAN.• He published a book named “ ORAL SURGERY, A TREATISE ON THE DESEASE, INJURIES AND MALFORMATIONS OF THE MOUTH AND ASSOCIATED PARTS”

THOMAS L. GILMER (1848 – 1931)

• Ranks among the celebrated ORAL SURGEONS OF AMERICA

• He was first associated with the chicago College of Dental Surgery

• Served as professor of oral surgery at northwestern University Dental school.

GEORGE V.I.BROWN (1863- 1948)

• Contemporary of Dr. Brophy but differed radically with Brophy as to techniques in treatment.

• Published a textbook named “ THE SURGERY OF ORAL AND FACIAL DISEASES AND MALFORMATIONS “

JOHN SAYRE MARSHALL (1846 – 1922)

• Known as the founder of the US Army Dental Corps in 1901.• Pioneer in Dental Pathology • Professor of Dental pathology and Oral Surgery at Northwestern University• In 1897, He published an excellent Book entitled “Manual of injuries and Surgical Diseases of the Face, Mouth, and Jaws

MATTHEW H. CRYER (1840 –1921)

• Rank as one of the greatest American Pioneers in Oral Surgery and an outstanding Oral Surgeon

• He was a Profound student of ANATOMY of the HEAD and FACE

• He sectioned hundreds of HUMAN HEADS, and published a book “ STUDIES OF INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE FACE “ in 1901

• Founded the first complete Dental Hospital Service in America in 1901 the PHILADELPHIA GENERAL HOSPITAL

GREAT ORAL SURGEONS WITHOUT M.D. DEGREE,

RECOGNIZED NATIONALLY AND WERE ACCEPTED BY THEIR

MEDICAL COLLEAGES AS HAVING SPECIAL TALENT IN TREATING

FACIAL FRACTURES AND PATHOLOGIC CONDITION

AFFECTING THE MOUTH AND JAWS

CHALMERS J. LYONS – (1874 – 1935)

• He was an instructor in Oral Surgery from 1907 to 1915 in both Medical and Dental Schools of the University of Michigan

• In 1915 He assumed the rank of professor of Oral Surgery

• Made a notable contribution to the literature entitled CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

KURT H. THOMA (1883 – 1972)

• He was in the active practice of ORAL SURGERY for 50 years

• His Surgical Skill and Ability are known throughout the world

• His text book “ ORAL SURGERY “ was published in 1969

JAMES R. CAMERON ( 1892 – 1969 )

• He was widely acclaimed for his Surgical skill and Teaching Ability

• He held a rank of professor of Oral Surgery at Temple University, from 1933 to 964

• He was one of the Founding Members of the American Board of Oral Surgery.

• He was also a professor and chairman of the course in Oral Surgery at the Graduate School of MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF PENSYLVANIA from 1945 to 1959

THOMAS P. HINMAN (1870 –1934 )

• Dedicated Dental Educator• As a professor , He thaught Oral Surgery ,Operative Dentistry, Orthodontics, and Dental Ceramics at various time in his career• 1917 He became Dean , of Atlanta Southern Dental College and held the position fo 14 years

SAMUEL L. SILVERMAN ( 1889 – 1934 )

• He was a clinical professor of Oral Surgery at Atlanta Southern Dental College• He was an Assocaite Professor of Oral Surgery at Emory University school of Medicine and a special lectures in Oral Surgery at Columbia University , New York• He Published a book , PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF ORAL SURGERY IN 1926

DR. W.HARRY ARCHER

W. HARRY ARCHER (1905 -1980 )

• He was formerly a professor of Oral Surgery and Anesthesia• Chairman of the Department of Oral Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh• An Educator , Author, Practioner and world wide Lecturers in Oral Surgery

• Published a book “ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY “ now on its 5th Edition and printed in 7 languages

BALTIMORE COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY

(1840) FIRST SCHOOL OF ORAL SURGERY

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