oracle communications unified session manager: accelerating

Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager: Accelerating VoLTE with Agile IMS It is time to simplify IMS O R A C L E W H I T E P A P E R | D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 4

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ORACLE COMMUNICATIONS UNIFIED SESSION MANAGER

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Table of Contents

Disclaimer 1

Table of Contents 1

Overview 2

Simplify IMS Delivery 3

Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager System Architecture 4

Scalability 8

Platforms 9

Multi-processor architecture 9

Oracle Communication Unified Session Manger VoLTE Features 10

Security 10

Service Interoperability 10

LTE-3G Voice Call Continuity 11

SLA Assurance 11

Conclusion 12

1 | ORACLE COMMUNICATIONS UNIFIED SESSION MANAGER

Overview

With the rise of Digital Services and an increasingly competitive environment, Communication Service

Providers (CSPs) are facing difficult choices in regards to the future of their voice services. The easiest

choice is to continue to use their existing 3G voice networks. However, these services are spectrally

inefficient and consume valuable bandwidth that could otherwise be used to drive growing data services.

Providers could also partner for or develop their Over-the-Top style voice services. This option has yet to

be widely proven. It also leaves open a wide range of regulatory issues; quality concerns, and

jeopardizes the high-quality brand many providers have spent decades or more building. Long Term

Evolution (LTE) is the next evolutionary step for mobile broadband; and voice over LTE (VoLTE) is the

standard for maintaining and improving existing voice and multimedia services in LTE. It empowers 4G

LTE network operators to deliver rich voice, video and messaging services as core services.

Transformation of circuit-switched networks that carry voice to all-IP 4G LTE networks allows network

operators to realize cost advantages and recover inefficient spectrum for additional data capacity. VoLTE

allows LTE operators to leverage service ubiquity, mobile access, and interoperability to profitably

monetize voice and messaging services and effectively compete against over-the-top (OTT) service

providers. While these are lofty goals however, VoLTE needs to leverage existing IP-Multimedia

Subsystem (IMS) infrastructure to provide comparable or better voice services than the 3G networks. But

with its numerous functional components and interfaces, most providers have found IMS networks too

costly and unwieldy to deploy and operate. This complexity manifests itself in exorbitant costs in many

forms:

• Capital equipment costs for securing equipment

• Operational costs in planning, testing, and deployment

• Opportunity costs due to the many lost chances repeated delays have caused

It’s time for an agile IMS that can achieve its ambitions for rapid service innovation and service convergence without sacrificing interoperability, security and reliability.

Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager (OCUSM) is specifically designed to overcome these

challenges. By consolidating IMS functional elements and interfaces, the OCUSM helps service

providers reduce IMS implementation cost and complexity, and accelerate the introduction of new high

margin, value-added multimedia communications services.


Simplify IMS Delivery The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager is specifically designed to help service providers overcome common IMS deployment barriers and business challenges so they can accelerate the introduction of new high-margin services and high-growth revenue streams. The OCUSM combines an agile session core with the proven security, interoperability, reliability and regulatory compliance capabilities of Oracle Communications Session Border Controller (OCSBC) in a single product that can be deployed easily and cost-effectively.

The OCUSM can be deployed as a self-contained session core or it can be implemented in conjunction

with a variety of other Oracle Communications products and certified Oracle Communications Ecosystem

partner solutions including best-of-breed database, policy, application server, and charging elements.

The OCUSM is supported on Oracle Communications Acme Packet 6300, Acme Packet 6100 and Acme

Packet 4600 platforms and can scale from hundreds of thousands of subscribers to millions of

subscribers with Oracle Communications Session-aware Load Balancer (OCSLB). By consolidating IMS

functional elements, streamlining signaling, and providing rich access Session Border Control (SBC)

features and functions, the Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager reduces network

deployment cost and complexity, and helps service providers accelerate IMS adoption, reduce risks, and

contain CAPEX and OPEX. The product enables a fully standards-based integrated service delivery

network architecture that cost-effectively scales from small initial service trials involving thousands of

users to large-scale production deployments supporting millions of subscribers.

“The Oracle solution set was far more flexible and cost-effective than other available options. The highly extensible and scalable solutions allow us to contain CAPEX and OPEX while meeting our aggressive project schedules.” Haim Ziv, VP of Operations Telefonica Digital.

Figure 1: Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager features a comprehensive set of functions and standard interfaces to create an integrated and fully 3GPP IMS-compliant Call Session Control Function (CSCF) core.


“As we transition to an all-IP environment, it was important for us to consolidate our infrastructure on a common, compact IMS core to help ensure our business and residential customers receive next-generation services quickly and securely. With Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager, we can deliver trusted real-time communications services across network borders,” said Daryl Godfrey, chief technology officer, SaskTel.

Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager System Architecture The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager is purposely built to be a scalable and cost-effective IMS core solution engineered to simplify the implementation of next-generation all-IP networks. The Oracle Communication Unified Session Manger is built upon more than a decade of Acme Packet R&D experience and exploits the Acme Packet’s field proven, time-tested session border control technology. By delivering core session control, session routing, and interconnect functions and industry-leading SBC functionality in a single product; the Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager provides an integrated IMS core solution that is simpler and more cost-effective to deploy, operate and maintain compared to a traditional decomposed IMS core solution.

The Oracle Communication Unified Session Manager allows CSPs to reduce complexity in their core network by consolidating functional elements and minimizing signaling interfaces, while providing all of the 3GPP IMS reference point interfaces needed to communicate with other external network elements. Oracle Communications allows for an open architecture and standards-based interfaces and allows service providers to avoid vendor lock-in and select the IMS architectural components – databases, policy servers, applications servers, etc. – that meet their specific functional or financial requirements.

Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager features a comprehensive set of functions and standard interfaces to create an integrated and fully 3GPP IMS-compliant Call Session Control Function (CSCF) core. Such functions and standard interfaces include the following:

• Proxy Call Session Control Function (P-CSCF), access signaling controls at IMS entry point for user equipment (UE)

• Serving Call Session Control Function (S-CSCF), core session control proxy and registrar

• Interrogating Call Session Control Function (I-CSCF), core routing proxy, determines S-CSCF assigned to a user

• Emergency Call Session Control Function (E-CSCF), routing and prioritizing of emergency calls

• IMS Access Gateway (IMS-AGW), media relay between access and core networks

• Access Transfer Gateway (ATGW), media relay to mobile switching center for LTE-3G handover

• Access Transfer Control Function (ATCF), signaling transfer point for handoff to 3G network

• Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF), Core session routing within the IMS networks and to external interconnect border


Figure 2: Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager = IMS Access + Session Management

As shown in figure 2, the Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager includes an industry-leading access SBC and a consolidated IMS session core that supports the 3GPP IMS release 11 functional blocks – all in a single product that provides session management and service orchestration for both SIP and Diameter signaling.

As an access SBC the Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager provides the same reliability, security and interoperability that CSPs know and expect from the leading Oracle Communication Session Border Controller. The OCUSM offers extended IMS Security with features such as denial of service protection, rate limiting and bandwidth policing. It also offers SIP protocol repair and normalization such as header manipulation rules and SDP manipulation. The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager allows for integration of additional services in the IMS core such as PBX integration and VPN bridging and provides regulatory compliancy features such as lawful intercept and emergency call handling. The following table summarized the Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager IMS functionality as an access SBC.


TABLE 1: OCUSM IMS FUNCTIONALITY AS AN ACCESS SBC

P-CSCF IMS-AGW E-CSCF

» Maintains security » Opens and closes gates » Makes use of the location information (query CLF/LRF) to route the

» associations with the UE Manages user identity

» »

NAT and NAPT Media packet marking

call to the closest or predefined ECS (Emergency Call Server).

» Interfaces with policy systems (A-RACF and PCRF)

» Resource allocation and bandwidth reservation

» Controls BGF to open or close gates

» »

Hosted NAT traversal Traffic policing

» Manages emergency » Usage metering

» sessions Generates Charging Records

» »

VPN Bridging or mediation Lawful Intercept or CALEA

(CRDs or Rf) media replication functions

Using an integrated signaling and media control function the Oracle Communication Unified Session Manager also provides interconnect SBC functions such as security against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. This is fundamental to shield core elements like the MSC-S, I/S-CSCFs or Soft Switches with its DoS protection and signaling screening capabilities. Additional features such as SIP Protocol Repair and Normalization, Protocol Interworking and call admission control and QoS, can remove all undesired information from the signaling headers and fields thus simplifying operations and troubleshooting. Table 2 summarizes the Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager IMS functionality as an interconnect SBC.

TABLE 2: OCUSM IMS FUNCTIONALITY AS AN INTERCONNECT SBC

I-BCF IWF TRGW

» IPv4 to IPv6 interworking » SIP to SIP-I interworking » Network Topology Hiding » Generation of CDRs » DDOS protection » Call routing

The Oracle Communication Unified Session Manager supports a comprehensive set of protocols (including headers and AVP support) to enable real-time communications. Table 3 summarizes the interfaces and protocols supported by the OCUSM and their role in the IMS network.


TABLE 3: ORACLE COMMUNICATIONS UNIFIED SESSIOSN MANAGER SUPPORTED INTERFACES

Involved IMS OCUSM – Interface Protocol High Level Description

entity IMS Role

Cx DIAMETER HSS (Home Subscriber Server)

OCUSM uses it for obtaining:

» 1) Subscriber information retrieval (subscriber profiles) » 2) Location information (obtain S-CSCF) » 3) IFC (trigger points & priority for routing and invoking Application

Servers)

I-CSCF

S-CSCF

ENUM DNS ENUM server

Alternative subscriber database

(DNS Server)

As an S-CSCF, OCUSM can query an ENUM server for Tel to SIP URI mapping, enhanced session routing and number portability handling.

OCUSM can also obtain subscriber information via DNS/DDNS looks ups.

» 1) Subscriber information retrieval (subscriber profiles) » 2) Location information (obtain S-CSCF)

I-CSCF S-CSCF

ISC SIP AS (Application Server)

OCUSM pushes third party registrations & UE capabilities. OCUSM also facilitates various services & features.

Examples: TAS, Presence, Conferencing Voicemail etc.

S-CSCF

e2 DIAMATER CLF (Connectivity Session Location and Repository Function)

OCUSM uses this for Location Based Services. OCUSM performs a physical address location look up for emergency services.

P-CSCF

Rf DIAMATER CCF (Charging Collection Function)

OCUSM exchanges charging information P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF

Rx DIAMATER PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function)

OCUSM exchanges policy information P-CSCF

Gm SIP UE (User Element)

OCUSM exchanges signaling messages with the UE P-CSCF

Mg, Mj SIP MGCF/MGF (Media Gateway Control Function/Media Gateway Function)

OCUSM mainly performs interworking features, e.g. SIP-I to SIP signaling for PSTN Interworking.

BGCF I-CSCF S-CSCF

Ici SIP IBCF (Interconnection Border Control Function)

OCUSM exchanges messages with other IBCFs in another IMS network IBCF

Mw SIP P-CSCF OCUSM connects with various P-CSCF functions hosted on other OCUSM instances

I-CSCF/S-CSCF


Figure 3: Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager System Architecture

Scalability

Oracle Communication Unified Session Manager offers true scalability and flexibility. OCUSM nodes can be clustered to create a highly reliable, high-performance service delivery infrastructure that scales to millions of subscribers. A cluster configuration includes two or more OCUSM nodes front-ended by a Session-aware Load Balancer (SLB) that presents a single IP address for the cluster. Using a unique Oracle Communications intra-cluster control protocol, the SLB performs adaptive stateful load balancing based on OCUSM availability and health score; capacity, load, and session state information. A single OCUSM cluster can support up to two million subscribers. The SLB features a low latency, hardware-based signaling plane. Only the packets of a subscriber’s initial SIP REGISTER message are processed in software. OCUSM clusters are designed to provide carrier-class availability and serviceability. OCUSM nodes can be easily added or removed from a cluster without disrupting service. In addition, SLB nodes can be deployed as 1:1 active-standby units to ensure no loss of active sessions in the event of single system failures.

Highly versatile, OCUSM clusters can be deployed in a variety of configurations. Supported deployment models include:

• Co-located OCUSM cluster: SLBs and OCUSMs are physically co-located in the same data center or aggregation POP.

• Distributed OCUSM cluster: SLBs and OCUSMs are physically separated for geographic redundancy.

• Fully distributed, fully meshed cluster: SLBs and OCUSMs are physically separated for geographic redundancy. OCUSMs are dual-homed to geographically separated SLBs for ultimate reliability.


Platforms

Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager is available on industry leading Acme Packet 6300, Acme Packet 6100 platform along with Acme Packet 4600 platform. The OCUSM leverages Acme Packet 4600 hardware for media functions such as encryption and QoS monitoring. Acme Packet 6300 platform is a feature rich purpose built platform, which is a powerhouse in signaling & media handling capacity delivering on the demands of a future network. Based on a common architecture that tightly integrates Acme Packet OS with Oracle’s distributed multi-processor hardware, each platform in the 6000 Series is capable of handling the signaling and media traffic generated by next-generation services such as VoLTE.

The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager is based on Acme Packet Operating Software (OS), which delivers comprehensive multi-protocol signaling, programmability and control functions and features. OCUSM is a

single node based VoLTE session core solution offered on next-generation Acme Packet 6300 platform that leverages state-of-the-art components and 64-bit symmetrical multiprocessing (SMP) in a modular system designed for scalability and growth. Acme Packet 6300 based OCUSM can support up to 500K simultaneous subscribers and 800 to 900 SIP calls per second. It’s a 3RU system offering 40Gb/sec throughput, hardware based transcoding and encryption. OCUSM supports four different kinds of codecs: EVRC, EVRCB, AMR-NB and AMR WB. Oracle Communications platforms are tightly integrated with the OCUSM software, resulting in a system that delivers the highly scalable performance, capacity and throughput needed to power smaller scale networks as well as the world’s largest and most demanding real-time communications services and applications.

“For years, Telefónica Germany has successfully relied on Oracle’s Acme Packet solutions to protect and control our IMS network. Going forward, the new Net-Net 6300 will enable us to meet challenging VoLTE and RCS-e throughput and scalability demands while preserving our existing operational models,” said Dr. Karsten Schröder, Head of Converged Solutions, Telefónica Germany.

Multi-processor architecture

The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager benefits from Oracle Communications unique multi-processor system implementation, in which specific processors are dedicated to signaling and media functions. Additional dedicated processors, available as options, handle compute-intensive functions such as encryption and QoS monitoring. In some cases, these hardware-accelerated functions are implemented on the main system board; in other case they are implemented on the network interface unit (NIU).

In OCUSM applications, separate processors for signaling and media are absolutely necessary for the following reasons:

• They guarantee that media processing will never overwhelm signaling processing. Media processing load does

not impact signaling processing performance.

• They protect the signaling processing subsystem from overload conditions and DoS attacks. When DoS attacks

are detected, they are policed and isolated in hardware.

• They ensure that the system delivers consistently high performance and adequate resources to normal traffic in

the event of overloads and/or attacks.

Many OCUSM functions/features depend on this design to maximize throughput and minimize latency, both critical

requirements for real-time communications.


Oracle Communication Unified Session Manger VoLTE Features While LTE is a fast and streamlined broadband access technology, the speed alone is not enough to satisfy subscriber expectations for high quality of experience for communications. The reality of today’s IP networks is that there are complex security, interoperability, quality of service and regulatory challenges to delivering voice and messaging services. The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager is designed for delivering trusted, first-class VoLTE services.

Security

In IP networks there are risks of denial of service (DoS), eavesdropping and other malicious attacks. To protect critical service elements such as CSCF servers and application servers in the network the Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager’s unique security architecture helps CSPs build trusted and secure networks. Features such as topology hiding, dynamic rate liming and IMS Authentication and Key Agreement (IMS-AKA) encryption are especially important to secure network and service availability. Along with SIP digest authentication, Open Standard based authentication (OAuth) and ENUM authentication; OCUSM also supports IMS-AKA, which is based on a long-term secret key shared between the IP Multimedia Services Identity Module (IMSI) and home networks authentication center (AUC). The S-CSCF functionality in OCUSM determines which authentication mechanism to be applied based on the contents of REGISTER request. IMS-AKA is particularly important in LTE deployments, since both UEs and home networks are authenticated via the IMS-AKA mechanism. As well, IMS-AKA is used to create IPSec security associations between P-CSCF and UEs.

The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manger also features support for Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), Transport Layer Security (TLS), and Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol (SRTP) encryption for privacy and confidentiality. In order to prevent DoS and attacks, the OCUSM uses a self-protecting hardware mechanism with dynamic trust binding. The Oracle Communication Unified Session Manager meets the following requirements for DoS protection:

• Protection against DoS and other malicious attacks

• Protection from overload in unforeseen conditions

• Allow trusted/authenticated user access while under DoS attack

• Dynamically build trust relationship per subscriber device

• Automatically isolate attackers

• Give preference to trusted devices over unknown

• Provide fair access opportunity for unknown devices

Service Interoperability

Numerous characteristics of IP networks such as overlapping or different IP address spaces and difference in signaling protocols can disrupt the delivery of VoLTE services. The Oracle Communication Unified Session Manager provides IP address and protocol translation capabilities to maximize the types of clients, vendors and service infrastructure supported topologies. This allows CSPs to increase their addressable customer base and accelerate time to market. The Oracle Communication Unified Session Manager provides comprehensive IPv6 support across all of the supported protocols and standard interfaces. It supports IPv6-IPv4 interworking enabling CSPs to keep


their core network as IPv4 while they start deploying IPv6 terminals. When it comes to peering, the OCUSM allows interconnecting a service provider with IPv4 with a brand new operator that has started with IPv6 from scratch.

The SIP header manipulation rules (HMR) feature provides the Oracle Communication Unified Session Manager with the flexibility to add, modify, and delete SIP headers and parts of SIP headers such as the header value and header parameters. This allows network operators to fix any interoperability issues between the USM and other network elements. It also helps CSPs to create or modify services with existing features by simply changing the configuration on the OCUSM without having to wait for a new release of software and the associated homologation process used to deploy a new release in the field. In essence, the usage of HMRs helps reduce the total cost of solutions and decreases the time-to-market for deploying new services and applications.

The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager is also able to perform Hosted Network Address Translation Traversal (HNT). This is particularly important for VoIP services, as virtually all LAN or WiFi-based UAs sit behind some form of NAT device – such as home routers (typically also containing an integrated WiFi access point), enterprise firewalls, or WiFi hot spots.

LTE-3G Voice Call Continuity

The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager supports enhanced Single Radio Voice Call Continuity mechanism to move active voice sessions between LTE and 3G networks. The OCUSM includes the ATCF (signaling anchor point) and ATGW (media anchor point) IMS functions to provide seamless and rapid call handover between LTE and circuit-switched 3G mobile networks. The integration of this function in the OCUSM improves call flow and reduces signaling hops required to handover the active voice call to the new access network.

The Adaptive Multirate Narrow Band (AMRNB) codec, which supports the bandwidth of traditional telephony, is now widely deployed in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). It is also the codec of choice for multimedia telephony service for IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS (MTSI) standard from 3GPP. Adaptive Multirate Wideband (AMR-WB) is the evolution of AMR. For a smooth transition of voice call continuity there may be a need to transcode from AMR-NB or AMR-WB back to the commonly used G.711 codec. The OCUSM’s transcoding features between the variations of AMR and ARM/NB/WD codecs for G.711 codec allows for a seamless voice call continuity to ensure quality of service.

SLA Assurance

It is clear that oversubscribed networks and service infrastructure can negatively impact customers. The Oracle Communication Unified Session Manager provides admission control, load balancing and comprehensive and mature QoS policy management and reporting features that deliver assured service quality and network availability during abnormal busy periods or networks events. CSPs can increase customer loyalty by ensuring high quality user experience. In order to ensure premium SLAs are met while preventing QoS theft by unapproved applications, the network must be able to distinguish and treat SLA backed sessions from all other types of sessions. For example, RTP sessions associated with non-SLA traffic such as the Internet cannot be treated the same as a primary VoIP service. The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager provides the needed L5 classification to address these use cases. The OCUSM also provides per-session DiffServ or ToS marking as well as tools for measuring call and signaling quality metrics. It can be used to collect real-time QoS statistics for SLA customer reporting, fault isolation, SLA verification and traffic analysis.

Resiliency is an increasingly important concept in IMS networks, In order to guarantee network resiliency, the Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager in a P-CSCF role supports mechanisms to direct traffic to the appropriate CSCF based on distribution strategies and by detecting and rerouting traffic away from failed CSCFs. The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager detects service failure on the fly and switches to standby node in real


time without any service interruption. Whenever subscriber database doesn’t respond to OCUSM request, it switches to another instance of subscriber database in real time, helping to reduce operational expenditure. The Diameter Rx interface implementation on the OCUSM enables call admission control (CAC) based on policies stored in an external, centralized PCRF server.

Conclusion Today, IMS is the de facto network architecture for evolving the PSTN—with nearly 200 million users across fixed VoIP and mobile networks. Despite its progress however, IMS has had numerous issues that have prevented its broader use, including capital requirements, total cost of ownership, and complexity. Security and interoperability between IMS cores and other components have also constrained deployments. Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager (USM) is specifically designed to overcome these challenges. By consolidating IMS functional elements and interfaces, the OCUSM helps service providers reduce IMS implementation cost and complexity, and accelerate the introduction of new value-added multimedia communications services such as Voice over LTE and 4G multimedia communications. The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager enables a fully standards-based integrated service delivery network architecture that cost-effectively scales from small initial service trials involving thousands of users to large-scale production deployments supporting millions of subscribers. The Oracle Communications Unified Session Manager is designed for delivering trusted, first-class VoLTE services, addressing CSPs requirements in terms of security, interoperability, quality of service and regulatory challenges in terms of delivering next generation voice and multimedia services.


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