Option F:Microbes and

Biotechnology (HL only)

F.5 Metabolism of Microbes

F.5.1 Define the terms photoautotroph, photoheterotroph, chemoautotroph, chemohetertroph

Photoautrotroph: chlorophyll allows microbes to trap light energy and transfer it to chemical bond energy (i.e. cyanobacteria Anabaena)

Photoheterotroph: can convert between anabolic and catabolic reactions (photosynthesis to respiration) (i.e. Rhodobacter sphaeroides)

Chemoautotroph: creates own food using the chemical bonds of inorganic molecules (Nitrosomonas ammonia)

Chemoheterotroph: ingest and break down foods containing glucose for energy (i.e. Saccharomyces)

AutotrophsAutotrophs HeterotrophsHeterotrophs

F.5.2 State one example of a photoautotroph, photoheterotroph, chemoautotroph, chemoheterotroph

F.5.3 Compare photoautotrophs with photoheterotrophs in terms of energy sources and carbon sources

Photoautotrophs Photoheterotrophs

Energy Source Light Light and organic compounds

Carbon sources Carbon dioxide Organic compounds

F.5.4 Compare chemoautotrophs with chemoautotrophs in terms of energy sources and carbon sources

Chemoautotrophs Chemoheterotrophs

Energy Source Inorganic compounds Organic compounds

Carbon sources Carbon dioxide Organic compounds

F.5.5 Draw and label a diagram of a filamentous cyanobacterium

Interdependence:•Heterocysts: fix dinitrogen to nitrogen compounds (i.e. ammonia)•Photosynthetic cells: produce carbohydrates

F.5.6 Explain the use of bacteria in the bioremediation of soil and water

• Bacteria or fungi are used remove contaminants (energy sources) in the environment OR converts them to a harmless form

• Ex: Pseudonomas used to clean up oil spills