optimal groundwater remediation laura place taren blue

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Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

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Page 1: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Optimal Groundwater Remediation

Laura PlaceTaren Blue

Page 2: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Outline

• Background– What is Groundwater Remediation– Major Contaminants and Contamination Areas

• The Remediation Process– Treatment Methods– Mathematical Models

• Optimization

• Completed Work• Fluid Flow Modeling

• Plans and Recommendations for Future Work

Page 3: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Background

• Groundwater Remediation– Removal of contaminants from a water supply

• Standards set by the EPA

– Several methods for treatment• Existing• Experimental

– Optimization• Mathematical models

Page 4: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Background• Sources of contamination

– Industrial & agricultural• Storage tanks• Septic systems• Landfills• Hazardous waste sites• Road salts • Refinery operations• Mining• Other chemicals

Page 5: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Contaminants, Possible Health Affects, EPA Standards

Compound Potential Health Affects Sources of Contamination

Benzene Known CarcinogenDischarge from factories, leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills

†,††

Vinyl Chloride Known CarcinogenLeaching from PVC pipes, discharge from plastic factories

†,††

ArsenicSkin damage or problems with circulatory systems, and may have increased risk of getting cancer

Erosion of natural deposits, runoff from orchards, runoff from glass & electronicsproduction wastes

††

CopperGastrointestinal distress, liver or kidney damage, and more

Corrosion of pipes and household plumbing systems, erosion of natural deposits

††

Lead

Delays in physical and mental development in children, possible deficits in attention span and learning disabilities. Adults can experience kidney problems or high blood pressure

Corrosion of pipes and household plumbing systems, erosion of natural deposits

††

Mercury Kidney damageErosion of natural deposits, discharge from refineries and factories, runoff from landfills and crop lands.

††

TrihalomethanesLiver, kidney or central nervous system problems, increased risk of cancer Biproduct of drinking water disinfection

††, †††

Nitrate

In infants, could cause illness or death; characterized by shortness of breath or blue-baby syndrome.

Runoff from fertilizer, leaching from septic tanks, sewage, and erosion of natural deposits.

††

† Environmental Protection Agency Waterscience†† Environmental Protection Agency Safewater

††† National Water-Quality Assessment ProgramCompound EPA Standard Maximum Concentration

Benzene 5 ppbVinyl Chloride 2 ppbArsenic 10 ppbCopper 1.3 ppmLead 15 ppbMercury 2 ppbTrihalomethanes 80 ppbNitrate 10 ppm

Page 6: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Where are the Problem Areas?

ArsenicNitrates

Hard Water VOCs

Page 7: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Optimization

• Goals– Minimize the remaining contaminants– Minimize cost

• Costs minimized are unique to the model

– Other goals are also unique to the specific model– Optimizing the pump treat inject method (PTI)

• Number of wells• Well configuration

Page 8: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Similarities & Differences of Previous Models

Chan

g, C

hu, H

siao

Min

sker

, Sho

emak

er

Scha

erla

eken

s, C

arm

elie

t, Fe

yen

Roge

rs, D

owla

, Joh

nson

Considers Fixed Cost x xConsiders Operating Cost x x x xDetermines Optimal # of Wells x xOptimizes Well Locations x x xHas Time-Varying Pumping Rates (not strictly on/off) x xOptimizes Pumping Rates x x x xIs a 3D Model xAvoids Local Minimum x x x xContains Contamination Plume x x xConsiders Concentration of the Contaminant(s) x x x xUses Pump and Treat Method x x x xIs Not Specific to Particular Compound x x

Page 9: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

What are the Choices?

• “Dilution is not the solution!!!”– Inexpensive but never resolves the problem

• Pump, Treat, Inject method (PTI)– Pump contaminated water from the source (the

plume)– Treat the water– Inject treated water back into the aquifer

Page 10: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

PTI – Simple Schematic

Page 11: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Treatments

• Existing treatment methods– Ion exchange chromatography– Membranes– “Point of service” treatment– Bioreactors– Adsorption– In situ bioremediation– Liquid-liquid extraction

• Surfactants

Page 12: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Treatment Method Iron

bac

teria

bact

eria

Gia

rdia

& C

rypt

ospo

ridiu

m c

ysts

Har

d W

ater

, Cal

cium

, Mag

nesi

um

Ars

enic

Asb

esto

s

Chl

orin

e

Cop

per

Flu

orid

e

Iron

and

Man

gane

se

Mer

cury

Lead

Nitr

ates

othe

r in

orga

nics

Dis

infe

ctio

n by

prod

ucts

MT

BE

Pes

ticid

es, H

erbi

cide

s &

Inse

ctic

ides

VO

C

Oth

er O

rgan

ic C

ompo

unds

Chlorination X X XWater Softener X / / /*ion exchange resin / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /Magnetic ConditioningWhole house sediment Filter XWhole house GAC filter / / / / / /Ozonation Device X X X /Manganese Greensand oxidization filter / X XDistillation X X X X X X X X X X X X / / / / /Reverse Osmosis X X X X X X X X X X X X / / / / /KDF filter X X X X X /Ceramic filter X X XGAC filter X X X / / / / /SBAC filter X X X X X / X X X X XActivated Alumina Filter X XUV disinfection XBoiling X X X X / /

X = Removes Contaminant / = Removes Some Contaminant, * = May Add Other Contaminants

Page 13: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Challenges of Remediation

• Plume– Unknown flow patterns– Unknown concentration profiles

• Nonuniformities in concentration

– Unknown position– Uncertainty in composition– Unknown size– Geological uncertainty

Page 14: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Problems and Affect on Treatment

***Modeling of the aquifer depends on many of these parameters. Therefore, all of these issues also become a problem in mathematical modeling.

Unknown Problems With Information What This Affects Flow Patterns Can't be monitored Concentration ProfileConcentration Profiles

Can't be monitored

Well LocationPumping RatesRemediation Time

Plume Position Can't be monitored Well LocationContaminants Can't be determined with any

accuracy Treatment MethodPlume Size

Can't be measured

Well Location Remediation TimeNumber of Wells

Geological ProfileInformation may be good, bad, plentiful, or not exact

Well Location Remediation TimeNumber of Wells

Page 15: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

PTI• Has many parameters

– Number and location of wells• Few large wells• Many small wells

– Pumping Rate– Concentration of contaminants in treated water– Can vary well arrangement with time

• For optimization – Need a model!

Page 16: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Well Position and Treatment

Four different well arrangements.***Concentration profile of the plume is affected by location of pumping and

injection wells.

Page 17: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Steps Completed in Optimization

• Analytical Model• Euler Approximation

– Optimization for minimum cost

• Initial Fluid Flow Modeling and Analysis• Refined Fluid Flow Modeling and

Analysis– Optimization for minimum contamination

Page 18: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Analytical Model

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

Concentration vs Time with Slice as a Parameter

Slice 1Slice 2Slice 3Slice 4Slice 5Slice 6Slice 7

time (s)

Conc

entr

ation

(mol

/L)

tstststs inVtF

inout ceccc,,,,

/0 )(

slices timet 0,1

anytinc

Page 19: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Set Up Euler Approximation

slice

outinp V

ccF

dt

dc

Where • dc/dt is the change in concentration with time• Fp is the pumping rate• cin is the concentration into the slice• cout is the concentration out of the slice• Vslice is the volume of the slice

Page 20: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Euler Method Model

• Calculates total remediation time• Uses inputs for:

– Volume of the plume– Time steps– Flow rate– Initial concentration– Desired end concentration

• Calculation in each cell loops until the change in outlet concentration is < 0.0001

Page 21: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 40000

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

Concentration vs Time for Slices 1 and 50V = 10,000L, F = 5 L/s

Slice 1Slice 50

Time (s)

Conc

entr

ation

Euler Results t1

t2

Page 22: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Cost Optimization

equipmentdrillinginitial

laborutiliitiesoperating

initialoperatingtotal

ccc

ccc

ccC

Major Factor in Cost DescriptionPumping Rate Affects overall utilities usageRemediation Time Affects labor, utilities, permits, and other operating costsNumber of Wells Affects drilling and pumping costs

Page 23: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Fluid Flow Analysis Arrangement

Example of one arrangement – multiple outlets with one inlet

Page 24: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Fluent

• Calculate mass flow rates in the plume– More accurate approximations of concentration

profiles• Characterize fluid flow in the aquifer

– Vary well arrangement– Vary number of injection and extraction sites– Vary pumping rate

Page 25: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Geometry - Gambit

• 1st “draw” geometry in Gambit• Create injection and extraction locations

which may be turned on or off.– For off – face is treated as a wall– For on – face is designated either mass inlet or

outflow– Each face is labeled by location

Page 26: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Generic Geometry

20

10

10 A

B C D E F G 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Page 27: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Define Geometry in Fluent

One inlet One outlet

Page 28: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Imaginary Planes

• Fluent analyzes flow patterns through planes

A B C

D E

F G H

I J K

L M N

O P Q

Page 29: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Example of Fluid Flow Field in Fluent

Flow rate of 50 kg/s

Page 30: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Example of Fluid Flow Field in Fluent

Flow rate of 5 kg/s

Page 31: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Example of Velocity Contours

Flow rate of 5 kg/s

Page 32: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Excel• Results from Fluent imported into Excel

Page 33: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Mass Balance

C-18 C-14 C-10

Negative flux or positive flux dictates which concentration to use in the mass balance

Page 34: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Remediation Time and Flow Rate

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Remediation Time vs Flow Rate with Well Configuration as a Parameter

(4,4)(4,1)(2,2)(2,1)(1,2)(1,1)(1,4)

Flow Rate (L/s)

Rem

edia

tion

Tim

e (h

r)

(4,4)

(4,1)

(2,2)

(2,1)

(1,2)

(1,1)

(1,4)

Page 35: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Conclusions of this Model

• Imaginary planes give an accurate estimate of flow through the aquifer

• Flux through the planes can be used to describe concentration profiles with time

• This model allows for understanding of general flow patterns with configuration

• Gives basis of comparison for future modeling techniques

Page 36: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

New Modeling Strategy

• Pipes in the top of the aquifer– More realistic injection modeling– Flow characteristics re-evaluated

• Several plume types evaluated– Non-uniform initial concentrations– Different shapes

• Injection and extraction varied with time• More realistic aquifer shape

Page 37: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

New Geometry for Wells

Page 38: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Naming the Wells

A

B

C

D

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Page 39: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Naming Imaginary Planes

pa1 pb1 pc1 pd1 pe1pa2 pb2 pc2 pd2 pe2pa3 pb3 pc3 pd3 pe3pa4 pb4 pc4 pd4 pe4pa5 pb5 pc5 pd5 pe5pa6 pb6 pc6 pd6 pe6pa7 pb7 pc7 pd7 pe7pa8 pb8 pc8 pd8 pe8pa9 pb9 pc9 pd9 pe9

pa10 pb10 pc10 pd10 pe10

Page 40: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Planes Through the x-direction

-18-14

-10

18

Page 41: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Horizontal Planes

Horizontal planes also named individually for x, y and z location in

the aquifer.

Page 42: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Configurations and Flow Profiles

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 43: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Configurations and Flow Profiles

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 44: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Configurations and Flow Profiles

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 45: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Configurations and Flow Profiles

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 46: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Configurations and Flow Profiles

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 47: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Model Aquifer with Non-Uniform Concentration

• 3 plumes analyzedkg/L

kg/L

kg/L

kg/L

0.000200

0.000150

0.000025

0.000100

Page 48: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Schemes for TreatmentPlume 1

a1 b1 c1 d1 a1 b1 c1 d1 a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2 a2 b2 c2 d2 a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3 a3 b3 c3 d3 a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4 a4 b4 c4 d4 a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5 a5 b5 c5 d5 a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6 a6 b6 c6 d6 a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7 a7 b7 c7 d7 a7 b7 c7 d7

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Page 49: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Schemes for TreatmentPlume 2

a1 b1 c1 d1 a1 b1 c1 d1 a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2 a2 b2 c2 d2 a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3 a3 b3 c3 d3 a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4 a4 b4 c4 d4 a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5 a5 b5 c5 d5 a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6 a6 b6 c6 d6 a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7 a7 b7 c7 d7 a7 b7 c7 d7

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Page 50: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Schemes for TreatmentPlume 3

a1 b1 c1 d1 a1 b1 c1 d1 a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2 a2 b2 c2 d2 a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3 a3 b3 c3 d3 a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4 a4 b4 c4 d4 a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5 a5 b5 c5 d5 a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6 a6 b6 c6 d6 a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7 a7 b7 c7 d7 a7 b7 c7 d7

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Page 51: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Plume 1, Step 1

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 52: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Plume 1, Step 2a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 53: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Plume 1, Step 3a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 54: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Plume 2, Step 1

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 55: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Plume 2, Step 2

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 56: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Plume 2, Step 3a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 57: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Plume 3, Step 1a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 58: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Plume 3, Step 2a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 59: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Plume 3, Step 3a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 60: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

3D Velocity Contours

Page 61: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Changing Configuration with TimePlume 1

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

0 10 20 30 40 50 601.50000000000002E-05

2.50000000000002E-05

3.50000000000002E-05

0.0000450000000000002

0.0000550000000000002

0.0000650000000000001

0.0000750000000000001

0.0000850000000000001

0.0000950000000000001

0.000105

Concentration vs TimePlume 1

Configuration 2Configuration 3ChangeConfiguration 1

Time (days)

Cont

amin

ant

Conc

entr

ation

(kg/

L)

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

Page 62: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Visualization of ConcentrationPlume 1

t = 4 days t = 20 days t = 50 days t = 0

10-13-10-8 kg/L10-7-10-6 kg/L10-5-10-4 kg/L10-4-10-3 kg/Lkg/L

kg/L

kg/L

kg/L

0.000200

0.000150

0.000025

0.000100

Page 63: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Changing Configuration with TimePlume 2

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

0 10 20 30 40 50 601.50000000000001E-05

2.50000000000001E-05

3.50000000000001E-05

0.0000450000000000001

0.0000550000000000001

0.0000650000000000001

0.0000750000000000001

0.0000850000000000001

0.0000950000000000001

0.000105

Concentration vs TimePlume 2

Configuration 2Configuration 3ChangeConfiguration 1

Time (days)

Cont

amin

ant

Conc

entr

ation

(kg/

L)

Page 64: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Visualization of ConcentrationPlume 2

t = 4 days t = 20 days t = 50 days t = 0

10-13-10-8 kg/L10-7-10-6 kg/L10-5-10-4 kg/L10-4-10-3 kg/L

kg/L

kg/L

kg/L

kg/L

0.000200

0.000150

0.000025

0.000100

Page 65: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Changing Configuration with TimePlume 3

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

a1 b1 c1 d1

a2 b2 c2 d2

a3 b3 c3 d3

a4 b4 c4 d4

a5 b5 c5 d5

a6 b6 c6 d6

a7 b7 c7 d7

0 10 20 30 40 50 601.50000000000002E-05

2.50000000000002E-05

3.50000000000002E-05

4.50000000000002E-05

0.0000550000000000002

0.0000650000000000002

0.0000750000000000002

0.0000850000000000002

0.0000950000000000002

0.000105

Concentration vs TimePlume 3

Configuration 1

Configuration 2

Configuration 3

Change

Time (days)

Cont

amin

ant

Conc

entr

ation

(kg/

L)

Page 66: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Visualization of ConcentrationPlume 3

t = 4 days t = 20 days t = 50 days t = 0

kg/L

kg/L

kg/L

kg/L

0.000200

0.000150

0.000025

0.00010010-13-10-8 kg/L10-7-10-6 kg/L10-5-10-4 kg/L10-4-10-3 kg/L

Page 67: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Conclusions• Dynamic optimization - Changing well configuration with time

– Allows for fairly good cleaning of contaminants– Can give more efficient– Can create step changes in concentration profile– Reaches a plateau in the cleaning process

• Different plume profiles can be modeled with this technique– Plume profile has a large effect on cleaning– Varying shape– Varying initial concentration profile– Efficiency of cleaning and configuration is highly

dependent upon initial concentration profile

Page 68: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Future Work

• Better analyze non-x-directional flow• Examine more economics• Examine different pumping rates• Vary time of well configuration change• Analyze more plume profiles

– Shape– Concentration

• Produce more accurate results for profile near injection and extraction

Page 69: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Questions

Thank you!

Page 70: Optimal Groundwater Remediation Laura Place Taren Blue

Acknowledgements

• Miguel Bagajewicz• Linden Heflin• Jeffrey Harwell• Benjamin Shiau• Peter Lohateeraparp• Rufei Lu• Roman Voronov