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Optical Illusion

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Which Way is the Wheel Spinning?

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I love Paris in the the springtime. http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot-feetLin/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/sze_shepardTerrors/index.html

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Which shape is identical to the red shape?

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Weekly Standards: S7L2, S7CS10 Weekly Elements: Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, and systems into organisms. Explain that tissues, organs, and organ systems serve the needs cells have for oxygen, food, and waste removal. These fall under the categories of metabolism. Identify that similarities and differences in structures exist among kingdoms of living organisms Explain that the function of many systems within an organism involve supporting life by ensuring the organism maintains homeostasis. build vocabulary knowledge demonstrate an understanding of conceptual vocabulary in various subjects use context vocabulary in writing and speaking explore understanding of new words found in subject area texts

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Enduring Understandings 1. Each organ system has structures (organs) that support each other in carrying out the functions of that organ system, while collectively working together with other organ systems to meet the survival needs of the organism. 2. Organ systems are interdependent. Every action taken by one organ system has an effect on the rest of the organ systems even though we may not be aware of what that effect is. 3. There are similar structures and organ systems in almost all multi-cellular organisms in the same kingdom that provide similar functions for those organisms.

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Essential Questions Level One What are the major structures of the nervous system? What are the various functions of the nervous system? What are the bodys five sense organs? How do nerve impulses travel to and from the brain? What is the function of a reflex response and how is a reflex response different from a normal motor impulse? Level Two 1. How does the nervous system of humans differ from other organisms in the same phylum? 2. How does the nervous system work collectively with other systems to help the organism sustain life?

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The brain works like a computer that answers questions and sends messages (called impulses or signals) all over the body. It has the appearance of a wrinkled walnut shell. An adult brain weighs between two and three pounds. It is very fragile and soft and therefore, needs protection. This protection is provided by the skull which is a very hard bone. The brain contains long lines of nerve cells called neurons which function like little telephone lines that send messages all over the body. Some of these messages (impulses) go to other parts of the body through the spinal cord. Messages from the brain move very quickly through the body. The brain keeps the heart beating and the lungs breathing. It enables the body to move. It facilitates thinking and remembering. One of the most important jobs of the brain is to make sure all systems in the body are functioning the way they are supposed to be and within certain limits. These limits might include the amount of sugar or salt in the blood; body temperature; or the amount of water in the body. This attempt to keep the body operating within normal limits is known as homeostasis.

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The human nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves of the body. Central Nervous System- brain and spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System- the nerves that extend into our appendages. The nervous system controls all functions of the body and allows us to perceive the world through our senses, process an incredible amount of information, and respond to things in our world. But it is far more than that. Our brain provides humans with an ability to think far beyond any other animal.

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Each area of the brain is associated with different functions.

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Effects of the Zombie Virus on the Human Brain. http://education.ti.com/en/us/stem-hollywood/zombies CREW Activity (30 min) Which areas of the brain are affected by the Zombie Virus?

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4. Many quarterbacks and pitchers suffer injuries to the brachial plexus, a bundle of nerves that extends from the neck outward through the arm and fingers. Because it is located outside of the spinal cord, the brachial plexus is a part of the _________________ nervous system. a.involuntary b.peripheral c.autonomic d.heteronomic

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The brain is connected to the rest of our body by millions of special nerve cells called neurons. Nerve cells, or neurons, carry messages to and from the brain at very fast speeds! (Go to How Fast Are Your Neurons Link on website.) Nerve cells are one-way only. Each neuron either carries a message to the brain or away from it depending upon whether they are motor or sensory neurons. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LT3VKAr4roo

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Neurons are similar to other cells in the body in that they have the full host of organelles: cell membranes, a nucleus (more than one), mitochondria, cytoplasm, etc. But the shape of neurons is very different. Neurons have specialized extensions called dendrites and axons. Dendrites bring information to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body. Lets talk through how a nerve impulse passes along.

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Neurons communicate with each other through a series of lightning fast electrochemical reactions. The axons and dendrites are separated from other neurons by a small space known as a synapse. As messages pass from one neuron to another on the way to or from the brain, the messages are carried across the synapse by chemicals known as neurotransmitters.

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Types of Neurons A. Motor neurons- send messages (impulses) from the brain to the rest of the body. 1. Voluntary impulses- messages to our body for movements we control (walking, throwing, etc) 2. Involuntary impulses- messages to our body for actions we do not control. Examples of involuntary actions a. Our heart beating, the muscles of our stomach and intestines contracting during digestion. b. Blinking and breathing (which is controlled by an organ called the diaphragm) are examples of involuntary movements that can also be controlled voluntarily. c. These different organs function on their own, and are therefore considered involuntary. These motor messages make up our autonomic part of our nervous system.

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B. Sensory neurons- send messages (impulses) from the senses to the brain. The sensory organs are 1. Eyes (sight) 2. Nasal passages (smell) 3. Tongue (taste) 4. Ears (hearing) 5. Skin (touch) Sensational Activity

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Sight

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Smell

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Taste

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Sound

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Our balance is a function of one of our sensory organs. Which one? A combination of fluids and tiny, hair-like cells in the inner ear help us to recognize when we are off balance.

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What do you hear?

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Touch Mystery Item Whats in the Box?

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Review Questions

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1. Which number(s) indicate the path of an impulse as it travels along a motor neuron and which the path of a sensory impulse as it travels along a sensory neuron? 4, 5, & 6 Motor 1,2,3,4 Sensory

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2. Which of the following does NOT involve a motor impulse? a.swatting a mosquito b.picking your nose c.listening to music d.picking your friends nose 3. Which of the following structures is not a sensory organ? a.eyeb. skinc. tongued. small intestine 4. Which of the following structures is part of our involuntary or autonomic nervous system? a. heart b. glands that produce hormones to regulate body functions c. the muscles lining our stomach and intestines d. All of the above 5. Our balance is controlled by special structures found in which sense organ?

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Reflexes are lightning fast commands that fire out from our brain to help us escape a potentially dangerous or harmful situation. We jump at a loud sound, quickly pull our hand away from a hot surface, or instantaneously throw our hands up in front of our faces when something comes flying toward us. These are all examples of reflexes. How can our reflexes operate so quickly? Most sensory impulses (including pain) must be processed by the brain which then responds in some way to the signal. The motor signals involved in an impulse response do not get processed in the brain first. Our nervous system has a way to bypass the brain in emergencies. Our body is designed to react immediately to potential danger. Even the fraction of second it might take to think about the lion jumping out of the tall grass at you might be too long and result in severe injury or death. Reflex Activity

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5nj3ZfeYDQ

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Each student will write a -3/4 page summary of a neurological disorder. A rubric will be assigned for this assignment. Alzheimers, Epilepsy, Parkinsons, Huntingtons, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, fibromyalgia, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, Guillan-Barre Syndrome, migraines, concussion, meningitis, polio, carpal tunnel syndrome, brachial plexus injury, peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, Tourettes syndrome, traumatic brain injury.

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Human Body: Pushing the Limits (Brainpower) For Fun try the brain building games on http://www.brainmetrix.com