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Open letter MarchTRANSCRIPT
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 20112
Indira Gandhi National Open University, in addition to providing higher education at the Graduate,
Post-Graduate and Doctoral levels, has a strong presence in the skill development and
vocational education sectors across the country. This is reflected in the number of Diplomas
and Certificates awarded by the University during the last five Convocations. Out of the seven
lakh qualifications awarded by the University in the last five years, 2.5 lakh (35 percent) were
graduates and above, and 4.5 lakh (65 percent) were Certificates and Diplomas. This emphasis
on skill development is well in line with the objectives of the University delineated in the IGNOU
Act, 1985: “To strengthen and diversify the Degree, Certificate and Diploma courses related to
the needs of employment and necessary for building the economy of the country on the basis of
its natural and human resources; provide education and training in the various arts, crafts and
skills of the country, raising their quality and improving their availability to the people”.
A seamless transition from the Certificate/Diploma to higher-level university degrees is also
intended through such activities. The course-credit pattern and the modularity of the various
courses, which constitute several programmes leading to a qualification,
were in vogue in IGNOU from its very inception. In this connection, it is very
important that the University system should promote the Diploma to Degree
transition for aspiring Diploma holders. In the technical education system,
there are avenues in specific universities for Diploma holders to join at the
second or third year of the Engineering Degree Programme. A similar pattern
is necessary for the conventional universities and the Open University
System as well.
The fact that a vast majority of these Diploma holders are working people
from industry or working in grassroots-level organisations lends further
credibility to this proposal. Making Diploma or Advanced Diploma holders eligible for admission
to a University Degree has been an established practice in higher education systems all over
the world. In the US University system, 46 percent of the admissions to University Degree
programmes are through the Associate Degree (Credit equivalence to the Advanced Diploma)
programme of the vast and robust network of Community Colleges over there. This will be a
major step towards linking the skill development sector and vocational education with higher
education, that is the major forte of the University System.
In the proposed National Vocational Qualification Framework (NVQF) of the Ministry of
Human Resource Development, this transfer from the vocational sector to the higher education
sector is being facilitated. Certificate (16 credits), Diploma (32 credits), Advanced Diploma
or Associate Degree (64 credits) — which is a terminal qualification — are the qualifications
prevalent in the skill development and vocational education sectors. The difference between
the Advanced Diploma and Associate Degree specifications are that the Associate Degree
provides additional content, which will make the candidates well-prepared for University
education in the concerned discipline.
A look at the Statistical Bulletin on the 2010 status of the Open University System of China
indicates that the Associate Degree, which is in between the Certificate and Bachelor’s
Degree, is the largest qualification base over there. In 2010, 4,12,400 students graduated
with an Associate Degree, 6,914 received a Bachelor’s Degree and 38,000 received
Certificates from the China Open University System.
Similar possibilities of acquiring two-year Associate Degree/Advanced Diploma qualifications
and making students employable in the work-sector and at the same time giving them
opportunity to acquire a higher qualification from a University, as and when they want, are in
existence in all developed and fastly-developing countries. IGNOU has initiated the two-year
Associate Degree Programme through the Community Colleges in line with the
recommendations of the National Knowledge Commission and the Planning Commission,
Government of India. After a two-year-long academic deliberation involving expertise from all
over the country, we formally launched the programme in 2008. The first Associate Degrees
are being awarded in the forthcoming Convocation of the Indira Gandhi National Open University.
Such efforts in skill development that provide multiple horizontal and vertical pathways for
mobility are very necessary for making people employable and enhancing the Gross Enrollment
Ratio (GER). The Governments of Haryana and Madhya Pradesh, Indian Army, Indian Navy,
M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Jindal Education Initiative, Ministry of Textiles,
Government of India, Apparel Promotion and Exports Council (APEC) of India and about 300
Civil Society Organisations in the public and private sector are the partners of IGNOU in this
nationwide Community College Initiative.
4
CONTENTS
Strengthening HR
Bars No Barriers
INFOCUS: The four-
year period of the
11th Plan heralds an
overall faculty/staff
growth, thus
redefining the
concept of HR
Management within
the IGNOU system
SKILL DEVELOPMENT..03
NEWS UPDATES..........11
STUDENTS’CORNER....13
REGIONAL UPDATES...15
MILESTONES...............16
GYAN DARSHAN..........16
8 SPOTLIGHT: IGNOU’s free
education initiative has given
prisoners a new lease of life
through the first-ever placement
drive for jail inmates in the
country held at Tihar Jail
IGNOU OPEN LETTER is Printed by Printek
Grafix, 148-D, Pocket-F, GTB Enclave, Delhi-
110093 and Published by Ravi Mohan,
Chief Public Relations Officer, Indira Gandhi
National Open University, Maidan Garhi.
New Delhi 110068. Ph: +91-11-29571000
(30 lines); +91-11-29535924-29
Fax: +91-11-29535933;
E-mail: [email protected]
Managing Editor: Ravi Mohan
Photos: Rajesh Sharma/Amlan Paliwal
Advisory Council:
Prof P.R. Ramanujam,
Dr Latha Pillai
Design and Production:
IANS Publishing (www.ianspublishing.com)
FROMTHE VICE CHANCELLOR
V.N. Rajasekharan Pillai
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 2011 3
SKILLDEVELOPMENT
Even a little bit of training in the
field of tourism will contribute to
employment, which is why every
state must realise the worth of this
sector, said Union Minister for Tourism
Subodh Kant Sahai at the national seminar
on ‘Skills Development in Tourism &
Hospitality Sector in India’, organised by
the School of Tourism and Hospitality
Services Sectoral Management
(SOTHSSM) on March 18.
“In the tourism industry, even if we
spend a meagre amount, the returns are
enormous. IGNOU is doing a great job in
this field by training even school drop-
outs,” Sahai said in his valedictory speech.
The minister also pointed out the
importance of those pursuing the courses and
said, “Domestic tourism is also a big area of
activity. People indulge in religious pilgrimages
to Amarnath, Vaishno Devi, and other places,
and wherever such activities happen, your
requirement is absolutely necessary.”
The seminar comprised of two technical
sessions – the first focussing on the
challenges of skills development and the
second, a panel discussion on the human
resource development in the tourism &
hospitality sector.
“This industry contributes to seven
percent of the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP). The public and private sector
together can meet 40 percent of the
demand, but the question comes as to
how other industries could innovatively
deal with this industry,” said Vice
Chancellor Prof V.N. Rajasekharan Pillai.
Invoking the University’s collaboration
with the Madhya Pradesh government, the
VC extended his hand towards collaborating
with the Jharkhand government by
requesting Sahai to take necessary action
for the same.
“Home catering, such as the famous
Dabbawalas of Mumbai, is growing in a
huge way and can be a lucrative growth
opportunity for the country. All we need to
do is tap the skills and channelise the
capacities. There should not only be job
seekers, but job creators as well. The
entrepreneurial skills should be honed
at skills development level,” said Pro-VC
Prof K.R. Srivathsan.
According to Dr Harkirat Bains, Director,
SOTHSSM, “We are offering programmes
ranging from Certificate to Ph.D. to meet
various demands of the tourism and
hospitality sector. The recently introduced
certificate programmes in Housekeeping,
Front Office Operations and Food &
Beverages Services aim at educating
students in some of the core areas. They
add value by upgrading skills and make
students employable immediately.”�
‘Tap opportunities in tourism sector’
Union Minister for Tourism Subodh Kant Sahai addressing the gathering at the seminar
organised at the IGNOU Convention Centre on March 18.
The University has signed a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) with the Commissioner
of Higher Education, Government of Madhya
Pradesh (MP) to offer Certificate, Diploma and
Associate Degree programmes through
Community Colleges.
“Our government has declared 2010-2020 as
the ‘Decade of Innovation’. We need to achieve
inclusive and sustainable growth in education and
skill development. We have the largest youth
population in the world. We need to explore all
means to provide them employable skills,” said VC
Prof V.N. Rajasekharan Pillai.
“The community
college will identify
academic
programmes on the
basis of a need
analysis of the local
job requirements and
opportunities and
incorporate these
findings into the
curriculum, and if so
required, shall take
assistance from
IGNOU in identifying the programmes. Programme
delivery is the responsibility of the Community
College,” said the MoU signed by Registrar U.S. Tolia.
The MoU highlighted the roles and
responsibilities of both the institutions and said,
“All the programmes offered by the community
college shall have enrollments twice a year i.e.
July and January, for which term end examinations
will be conducted twice a year i.e. in December
and June.”
Programme-wise list of registered students
shall be submitted to IGNOU within 15 days of
completion of admissions.”
Promoting vocational education in MP
Registrar U.S. Tolia.
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 20114
INFOCUS
The four-year period beginning 2006-
07 has not only witnessed an
impressive growth for the Indira
Gandhi National Open University —
the People’s University — but also resulted
in empowering its academic and non-
academic staff on all counts.
Numbers speak for themselves. The
University appointed 146 academics
during the 11th Plan Period (2006-2011).
The total number of academics who have
been promoted, at least once during 2006-
2011, stands at a record 122, while the
number of administrative staff promotion
has reached 300 in the same period.
The period beginning November 2006-
2007 has been a golden era as far as the
the Human Resource practices within the
IGNOU system are concerned, and the role
of Academic Co-ordination Division and
Administrative Division is crucial in
achieving this goal — the goal of nurturing
a large pool of academics in the Decade of
Innovation.
“Promotions given in the Administrative
Division from November 2006 till date
show the University has taken care of each
and every individual when it comes to
honouring one’s skills, dedication and hard
work. In Group A cadre, the University
promoted 98 individuals; in Group B cadre,
143 staffers were promoted while in Group
C (technical cadre), 60 people were given
promotions in last four years,” informs U.S.
The four-yearperiod of the 11thPlan heralds an overallfaculty/staffgrowth, thusredefining theconcept of HRManagementwithin the IGNOU system
Dr. M.S. Senam Raju with his Academic Co-ordination Division staff members at the IGNOU campus in Maidan Garhi, New Delhi.
Strengthening HR
Tolia, Registrar, Administrative Division
(see the graph).
The Academic Coordination Division at
IGNOU is entrusted with the
responsibilities of Establishment,
Administration and other service matters
pertaining to Teachers and Academics of
the University.
“IGNOU hired 93 Consultants
(Academic) and 215 Consultants
(Administration) since November 2006-
present, a record of sort for the University.
Senior-level superannuated teachers who
have retired from service were also
appointed on re-employment basis to
utilise their experience and expertise in
the development of various programmes
and courses of the University,” says Dr
M.S. Senam Raju, Director, ACD.
The Division is also entrusted with the
responsibility of co-ordinating appointment
of Adjunct professors and engagement of
Consultants, On-line Experts,
Web Developers and Project
Associates, etc. on full-time
as well as part-time basis for
various academic activities to
support the permanent
faculty appointed for
performance of certain core
functions and all other
development needs.
“The idea is not only to
strengthen the faculty in
terms of numbers, but
also sustain and nurture a
large pool of academics
who can help the nation
achieve its educational
goals in the Decade of
Innovation,” says Vice
Chancellor Prof V.N.
Rajasekharan Pillai.
In the same period, the
number of Ph.D. holders
(including Administration)
rose to 342 (227
Teachers and 115
Academics) in this period.
The number of research
scholars (both full-time
and part-time) stands at
540. These include 38
M.Phil., 376 part-time, 35 full-time and 91
RTAs.
“About 800 teachers and academics
with Ph.D. and higher-level research
qualifications are working in the University.
An exclusive Research Unit was created in
the University recently to coordinate all
these research activities,” adds Prof Pillai.
“Research is a process of systematic
collection, investigation and analysis of
information to increase a research
scholar’s understanding of the study which
he or she has undertaken
with specific objectives. In
this context, it is the
responsibility of the
researcher to commit
himself/herself to the study
undertaken. The RTA
Scheme is a unique move in
this period and will benefit
highly meritorious full-time
postgraduates,” stresses Dr
V. Venugopal Reddy,
Director, Research Unit.
IGNOU is heading for a
paradigm shift in its
research policy and
research facilitation
processes in the context
of the global scenario of
full-time research, part-
time research and
systemic research under
the open university and
distance education
systems.
“The University has a
research project scheme.
Paid research study leave,
in addition to the
sabbatical leave scheme,
are available to teachers
and academics. Participation in national
and international research conferences
is facilitated by travel grants,” says
Prof Pillai.
“IGNOU has a faculty strength of over
1,000 with doctoral and post-doctoral
qualification who are occupying permanent
full-time positions as Assistant Professors,
Associate Professors and Professors or
equivalent academic positions as
Assistant Directors, Deputy Directors and
Directors.”
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 2011 5
“Promotions given in
the Administrative
Division from
November 2006 till
date show the
University has taken
care of each and
every individual when
it comes to honouring
one’s skills, dedication
and hard work.”— Udai Singh Tolia,
Registrar, IGNOU
146 Academics appointed during the11th Plan Period (2006-2011)
122 academics promoted at leastonce during 2006-2011
300 members of administrative staffpromoted in the same period
93 Consultants (Academic) and 215
Consultants (Administration) hiredin the same period
342 (227 Teachers and 115 Academics) Ph.D. holders are in IGNOU at present
GROWTH-O-METER
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 20116
“In addition, the University has a rich
pool of over 40,000 part-time academic
counsellors. A large number of very
eminent scientists and academicians are
also serving the University as
consultants, Emeritus Professors and
Chair Professors. The University also
provides family residential facilities for
over 400 teachers and other staff,” adds
the Vice Chancellor.
“IGNOU has 62 Regional Centres in its
own buildings or in rented premises. The
University is in the process of building
facilities for all the Regional Centres.
Laboratories for specific science
programmes and an Inter-University
Consortium for Technology-Enabled
Learning are also housed in the Campus,”
informs Pro-Vice Chancellor Dr Latha Pillai.
The University, as did other autonomous
institutions across the country, also bore
a major additional burden on account of
outgo toward salaries and wages.
The payment of arrears due to the
generous award by the Sixth Pay
Commission also added to the outgo.
Payments toward salaries and wages – due
to both higher payout and recruitment –
went up from 35.68 crore to 86.12 crore.
As a result, the percentage-expenditure
under this head, which was hovering
around 18 percent till a few years ago,
ballooned to nearly 25 percent.
“IGNOU was one of the first Universities
in the country to implement the
recommendations of the Sixth Pay
Commission, including clearing the
arrears,” Prof Pillai points out.
Added to that, the non-plan expenditure
toward staff welfare – due to the reasons
aforesaid – also shot up from `̀9.23 crore to
`̀57.02 crore. These expenses are toward
contributions for the new pension scheme,
bonus, pension, gratuity, leave
encashment, leave salary, honorarium and
other welfare schemes.
“This expenditure is also a necessary
part of the University’s effort to keep its
staff and faculty satisfied and maintain
high productivity levels,” says Prof Pillai,
adding that a concerted effort has been
made to ensure that senior faculty
members have independent rooms and
The Inter-University Consortium (IUC) of
IGNOU works as a nodal point to
undertake various collaborative activities
involving ODL, e-learning, new knowledge
creation and appropriate technology. It
organises a variety of training programmes
and workshops for the faculty/staff
towards meeting these aims.
Web 2.0 Tools
IGNOU and other State Open
Universities, in the last 20 years, have
moved from print material to web-based
courses for delivery of instruction. Web
2.0 is the current generation World Wide
Web. It is a software which supports
group interaction and is being used in
the higher education sector, particularly
distance education. The traditional
approach to e-learning or online courses
is merely uploading the text/printed
material with objectives and a few
multiple choice questions. By using the
new web services (web 2.0), which has
a potential to make learning more
personal, social and flexible, we can
create learning communities. IUC
conducted a training for the faculty of
State Open Universities as well as for the
faculty of IGNOU. Programmes ranged
from three to five days. Each faculty was
provided with an individual terminal with
Internet facility. They developed
individual blogs, worked on Wikis,
created and posted their audio and
video clippings.
The training was appreciated by all
the participants and was rated as Very
Satisfactory. The faculty listed the areas
where they can use the web 2.0
technologies. These are: Providing news
and announcements to the students,
designing course material collaboratively,
tutoring, guiding, editing, and hosting
their powerpoint presentations, etc.
Research MethodologyCourse for RTAs
Distance Education has come a long
way and it will stay and grow significantly
in the foreseeable future. Research is an
important mechanism for growth and
development of distance education.
Importance of research has been
recognised as it helps shape a
university’s character and influence. Open
universities, especially in India, must take
the issue of research seriously if they
wish to be in the forefront of higher
education nationally and internationally.
Research Unit was established in
IGNOU in October 2008. The objective of
this unit is to register full-time/part-time
M.Phil and Ph.D. candidates and to
TECH-POWERING STAFF
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 2011 7
conduct workshops on Research
Methodology for the research scholars.
IGNOU has engaged Research and
Teaching Assistants.
Keeping the importance of research
in distance education and the objectives
of Research Unit in view, IUC conducted
a training-cum-workshop for the
Research and Teaching Assistants
enrolled in IGNOU on Research
Methodology. More than 70 RTAs and
Ph.D. scholars have been trained in
batches. The duration of the programme
was three days.
RTAs found the programmes very
effective and liked the sessions on “How
to write the Review of Literature,
Research Designs and use of SPSS
package for analysis”. They said the
training should be given for more days.
Future
IUC will conduct Capacity-Building
programmes for Open Universities and
private universities. The training areas
are Developing and Designing Online
Courses, Developing e-content for various
programmes and developing short video
capsules on soft skills or any other theme
related to life skills.
It aims to facilitate convergence and sharing theknowledge through a judicious mix of media andtechnology; undertake R&D related to social andeconomic development through ODL-basedprogrammes; stimulate further thinking ondevelopment of education and employment ofpeople with disabilities, educationally-backwardand weaker sections in general; pool talentavailable in the society such as open universities,conventional universities, and NGOs...
IUC for Technology-enabled Flexible Education and
Development (IUC-TEFED)
Pro-VC Prof. K.R. Srivathsan at a Web 2.0 workshop at IGNOU.
personal assistants. All of them have also
been issued laptops to increase efficiency
and productivity.
With increased salaries, the University
also had to incur a much higher
expenditure toward terminal benefits,
compared with earlier years. Total Quality
Management remains the highest priority
in all areas of operation of the University.
Expenditure on staff welfare rose from
`̀9.31 crore to `̀57.83 crore – an almost six-
fold increase. As a percentage of
expenditure, this was a jump from 4.03
percent to 12.94 percent of expenditure.
Against this backdrop, there has also
been a concerted effort on the part of the
University to curtail expenditure. This is
the reason why the share of non-plan
administrative expenses to total
expenditure has fallen significantly from
28.24 percent in 2006-07 to 17.14
percent in 2009-10.
New strategies are also being evolved to
mobilise resources so that the University
can continue to work on its mandate without
any financial impediment. In addition,
maximising non-monetary inputs and
achieving cost-effectiveness in operations
and economy in spending also remain the
guiding principle of the University.�
U.S. Tolia, Registrar, Administrative Division, with newly-recruited Data Entry Operators at IGNOU.
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 20118
SPOTLIGHT
Twenty-nine-year-old Siddharth Jailtey
knew that his hopes of earning a
livelihood and leading a dignified life
again could never transform into
reality when he was sent to jail three years
ago on charges of kidnapping and murder.
What he didn’t know was that these
hopes had already started taking shape
the moment he enrolled in IGNOU’s
Master’s Programme in Public
Administration at the University’s Study
Centre in Tihar Central Jail. Thanks to
IGNOU’s ‘free education for prisoners’
initiative, Siddharth holds an appointment
letter from a leading company today.
“When I landed in jail, I was in trauma and
depression and everything was ruined for
me. But now, due to this campus interview
there is a ray of hope that whenever I get out
I can earn my livelihood easily,” says an
ecstatic Siddharth, who will be working as a
Marketing Executive with Agrawal Movers
and Packers once he is released within six
months.
The story is the same for several other
inmates who got a new lease of life through
the first-ever placement drive for prison
inmates in the country, held at Tihar Central
Jail No. 3 on February 25.
Under the dynamic leadership of Tihar Jail
Superintendent Manoj Dwivedi and guidance
from Director, IGNOU RC Delhi-3, Dwarka and
Campus Placement Cell (CPC), seven
companies created history and came to look
for potential managers and executives at
Asia’s largest prison. These included
IGNOU’s freeeducation initiativehas given prisonersa new lease of life through the first-everplacement drive forjail inmates in thecountry held atTihar Central Jailin New Delhi
Tihar Central Jail authorities with the inmates who appeared for the first-ever placement drive for prisoners, held at Tihar Central Jail No. 3..
Bars No Barriers
Vedanta Enterprises, Agarwal Movers and
Packers, JRA Associates and Chartered
Accountants, Good Housekeeping,
Creative Innovation, Predo Security
Services Pvt. Ltd., and ASP Sealing
Products Ltd.
NEW CHAPTER FOR INMATES
The companies conducted
interviews for 46 Learners pursuing
Certificate, Diploma, Under-
graduate and Post-graduate
programmes from IGNOU. Out
of these 46, 40 were given
appointment letters for jobs
ranging from Accountants to
Computer Operators, Store
Managers, Marketing and
Pharmaceutical Sales
Representatives.
“Forty-six inmates were
chosen by prison authorities
for the placement drive as they
fulfilled three criteria. Firstly,
they had impeccable conduct
inside the jail where they
utilised their time to gain education and
vocational skills. Secondly, they all expect to
be released within a year or so, and
finally, they were keen to
rehabilitate themselves and lead a
new life,” said Neeraj Kumar, DG
(Prisons), Tihar Jail.
Most of the inmates who sat
for placement have completed
their education and gained
multiple graduation degrees
in jail, thanks to IGNOU.
“After I was sent to jail, it
was a painful and stressful
time for me as I had no clue
what to do next. However, I
was motivated inside the jail
by officials, NGOs and
IGNOU. I studied day and
night. Now, I am about to
complete my Bachelor’s in
Tourism Studies from IGNOU
and also planning to pursue
LLB,” says 26-year-old Dilip
Kumar, who was booked
under Narcotics Act in 2005.
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 2011 9
Representatives from one of the companies interviewing a jail inmate.
“This placement drive
has spread a vital
message of giving
dignity and respect to
all prisoners. It will
prevent these inmates
from returning to the
life of crime and
abuse. The academic
empowerment
attained while in jail
will give them a new
lease of life.”— Dr. Neeta Kapai, Dy Director,
Campus Placement Cell
POPULAR PROGRAMMES
Bachelor Preparatory Programme (BPP)
Bachelor’s in Social Work (BSW)
Bachelor’s in Tourism Studies (BTS)
Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com)
Certificate in Tourism Studies (CTS)
Certificate in Information Technology (CIT)
Certificate in HIV and Family Education (CAFE)
Certificate in Food and Nutrition (CFN)
Certificate in Nutrition and Childcare (CNCC)
Certificate in Human Rights (CHR)
Diploma in HIV and Family Education (DAFE)
Master of Commerce (M.Com)
Master’s in Public Administration (MPA)
Master’s in English (MEG)
Master’s in Sociology (MSO)
Master’s in Business Administration (MBA)
Apart from these programmes, there
is also a huge demand for Law and
Foreign Languages programmes like
Russian and Chinese.
He was one of the 46 inmates who were
up for placement.
The idea for such a placement session,
Kumar said, stemmed from the need to
help inmates in their rehabilitation
following their release. “For the first time
we are vouching to the corporate houses
for the integrity and good conduct of these
people. Many of the inmates received
multiple offers. We have left the decision
on selecting an offer on the candidates,”
Kumar said.
FREE EDUCATION INITIATIVE
IGNOU announced its ‘Free Education for
Prisoners’ initiative in the 2010 academic
session and waived off fees for all jail
inmates across the country who wish to
pursue the University’s programmes.
According to Dr Neeta Kapai, Deputy
Director, CPC, this move has been a
significant milestone in encouraging and
rehabilitating prisoners in order to
improve their quality of life post release.
Regular academic counselling sessions
are provided either by the RC staff in
some jails or nearby Study Centre
counsellors are deputed to volunteer
counselling sessions in some courses.
Study material and library facilities are
provided through IGNOU to all jails under
the supervision of an IGNOU Coordinator
and supporting staff. Assignments and
exams are attempted by all students
within the jail premises. IGNOU is also
making efforts to provide study material
in vernacular languages for some
inmates.
“This placement drive has spread a
vital message of giving dignity and
respect to all prisoners. It will prevent
these inmates from returning to the life
of crime and abuse, since the academic
empowerment attained while in jail will
give them a new lease of life. The
activity has not only given a tremendous
boost to their morale, but encouraged
other inmates to follow suit,” says
Dr Kapai.
Listen to Sandeep Bhatnagar, another
undertrial in Tihar, who was also picked up
by one of the companies. “This is not just
an appointment letter. It is an assurance
of a rehabilitated life in a society, which
would have otherwise shunned me. I can
now hope for a speedy acquittal by sending
this letter to the court to convince them
to acquit me soon. I can assure my wife
and children of a decent life in Delhi.”
For people like Sandeep, who were
wondering how they would support their
families once they were released, IGNOU
has given them a hope of taking a fresh
shot at life.�
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 201110
Providing access to quality lifeIGNOU has set up a great example of social importance by promoting and achieving inclusive education
through the establishment of Learner Support Centers (LSC) in 47 Jails under the overall supervision and
support of 27 Regional Centres, as seen in the table below.
Sl. No. Regional Centre City Location No. of Jail SC Total Students
1. Ahmedabad 1
2. Aizwal 1
3. Aligarh Agra 1 187
4. Bhopal Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore,
Narsingh, Rewa, Sagar,
Satna, Ujjain 9 902
5. Bhubaneswar 3 126
6. Chandigarh 2 7
7. Chennai Vellore 2 24
8. Dehradun 2
9. Delhi-1 1
10. Delhi-3 1 176
11. Guwahati 1
12. Jabalpur 1
13. Jaipur Jaipur, Ajmer 2 236
14. Jammu 3
15. Karnal 2
16. Khanna Amritsar 1 15
17. Lucknow Lucknow, Bareilly, 3 756
Allahabad
18. Madurai Trichy 1 13
19. Nagpur Nagpur 1 35
20. Noida Meerut 1 144
21. Patna 1
22. Portblair 1
23. Raipur 1
24. Ranchi 1
25. Srinagar 1
26. Shimla (not a SC) Shimla 1 25
27. Varanasi Varanasi, Gorakhpur 2 314
Total Enrollment (Current) 2,929
Cumulative Enrollment (1994-2011) 6,579
LIST OF STUDY CENTRES IN JAILS
Jail inmates at the inauguration of the IGNOU Special Study Centre at Nagpur Central Jail.
An Expert committee of the Govt. of
India has recommended an
allocation of `1 crore to IGNOU for
setting up Regional Placement
Cells in Jammu & Kashmir. This was
announced at the EDGE 2011 Conference,
held in New Delhi from March 9-11.
The EDGE 2011 Conference, organised by
EDGE Forum, with IGNOU as a Knowledge
Partner, was inaugurated by Kapil Sibal,
Hon’ble Union Minister for HRD and
Communications and Information Technology.
IGNOU agreed to launch an initiative
platform for registering students in J&K for
job placements. The Regional Placement
Cells aim to provide a platform for
prospective employers to communicate with
job seekers of Jammu, Srinagar and Leh
through virtual job portal, job fairs,
placement drives and walk-in interviews;
provide career specific counselling and
guidance; carry out competency mapping of
all job aspirants; map their aspiration levels
with aptitude level; identify skill gaps for
repair measures and interventions; prepare
and train job aspirants to plug skill gaps;
assess and certify existing skills of the youth
for verbal career mobility and lateral
professional movements.
The RPC would have a Placement Officer,
qualified counsellors, soft skill trainers and
support staff. The placement cell may be
initially located in the Regional Centre and
later shifted to a convenient location. The
Cell would have a placement committee with
members from local educational institutions,
IGNOU centres, industry representatives,
and students.
The RPC can also forge partnerships with
J&K Entrepreneurship Development Institute
and various Chambers of Commerce and
Industries.
According to estimates, the online cost
of setting up the RPC will be `3 lakh, while
recurring cost of running the centre will be
about `17 lakh per annum. The Expert
Committee feels that two RPCs, one each in
Jammu and Srinagar, may be set up on pilot
basis and extended financial support for
three years. The Expert Group recommends
an allocation of `1 crore for it.
The annual EDGE conference brings
together Vice-Chancellors, Presidents,
Directors, Professors, Education Councils,
Entrepreneurs and policy makers to interact,
collaborate and understand the prevailing
trends in the higher education sector. The
theme of this year’s conference was
‘Shaping the Future of Indian Higher
Education’.
Vice Chancellor Prof V.N. Rajasekharan
Pillai, who was also the Academic
Programme Committee Chairman of EDGE
2011, said, “EDGE is the foremost platform
for the stakeholders in Higher Education
sector in India and the world to converge.
Interactions at the platform will help us act
together towards identified goals with a
beneficial intent for the education
sector.”�
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 201111
NEWSUPDATES
Vice Chancellor Prof. V.N. Rajasekharan Pillai addressing the gathering at the EDGE 2011 Conference,held in New Delhi from March 9-11. Shri Kapil Sibal, Hon’ble Minister for HRD, and Prof C.N.R. Rao, eminent scientist, were among the dignitaries who attended the conference.
Regional Placement Cells in J&K
The Indira Gandhi National Open
University (IGNOU) and the
Distance Education Programme-
Sarva Shiskha Abhiyan (DEP-SSA)
organised a three-day seminar to improve
quality of education through Open and
Distance Learning (ODL) mode.
The seminar on ‘Teacher Education
through Open and Distance Learning in
the Context of Right to Education’ was
held at the IGNOU Convention Centre
from March 22-24.
The main objectives of the seminar
were to develop a strategic plan of action
for improving quality of education through
the ODL mode. As part of capacity-
building activities under SSA, the seminar
documented and shared innovative
practices in Teacher Education
Programmes for in-service teachers.
“Teacher education system is a
power plant and if it works efficiently
and proactively, the health of the
system will be in accordance to what
the society demands. The teachers and
educators themselves have to ask: Am I
a professional in real sense of the term?
Is the education set-up turning out the
right professionals into the system? Do
the qualifications insisted by the NCTE
bring about a change? If yes, then do
we have a system to give the entire
professionals a chance to enhance their
personality?” said Prof Suman
Karandikar, Director, Centre for
Educational Studies (CES), IIE, Pune.�
Seminar on improving education via ODL
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 201112
NEWSUPDATES
IGNOU has joined hands with the Kendriya
Vidyalaya Sangthan (KVS) for a national
level training programme for KVS teachers.
The programme has been launched under
IGNOU’s Distance Education Programme —
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (DEP-SSA).
A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
to this effect was signed between IGNOU
Registrar (Admin) U.S. Tolia and KVS Jt.
Commissioner (Admin) O.M. Prabhakaran on
March 14 in the presence of Vice Chancellor
Prof. V.N. Rajasekharan Pillai and Minister
of State for Human Resource and
Development (HRD) Dr D. Purandeswari.
“There is a need for continued
professional development of teachers to
meet the demand of quality in education.
This step is of immense significance in view
of the importance of teacher training in the
light of the Right to Education Act,”
Dr Purandeswari said.
The target group for the training includes
primary teachers, graduate teachers and
post-graduate teachers. Under the present
collaborative programme, the teachers of
KVS would be required to undergo six
months training, including at least a 15-day
face-to-face programme with pre-training
assessment and post-training follow up,
feedback and assessment.
The training would focus on content
upgradation of teachers with respect to
their own special subject areas. They would
also be given in-depth training on new
knowledge and its relevance to their work.
Teachers would re-learn new and innovative
classroom management techniques and
strategies for improving quality of teaching. A
team of experts would draw up a detailed
training design, which would be periodically
reviewed. Feedback on the training would be
taken for continuously upgrading the quality of
the programme. The training would be
conducted in English and Hindi medium.
The teachers would have to undergo an
evaluation. Certificates would be provided by
IGNOU upon completion of the programme.
Others present at the event included
Dr Anita Priyadarshini, Director, DEP-SSA;
Anshu Vaish, Secretary, School Education
and Literacy; and Avinash Dikshit,
Commissioner, KVS.�
VC Prof. Pillai, MoS for HRD Dr. D. Purandeswari, DEP-SSA Director Dr. Anita Priyadarshini and
others at the MoU signing ceremony in New Delhi on March 14.
IGNOU to train KV teachers
NEWSSCAN
Corporate Governance
IGNOU’s Centre for Corporate Education,Training & Consultancy (CCETC) has
announced admission to its two-year, full-time
MBA programme in Corporate Governance for
the July 2011 academic session.
Graduates in any discipline with a
minimum 50 percent aggregate marks (45
percent for reserved category) from a
recognised university are eligible to apply.
Shortlisted candidates will be required to
appear for an entrance exam, group
discussion and personal interview.
Application forms will be available from
March 31. The last date for receipt of
application forms is April 30.
Classes will commence from the first
week of July. For more details, please visit
www.ignou.ac.in�
BCA syllabus revised
IGNOU’s School of Computer and
Information Sciences (SOCIS) has revised
the syllabus for the Bachelor’s Programme in
Computer Application (BCA). The existing
BCA (pre-revised syllabus) would be
discontinued and accordingly, no fresh
admission would be made in BCA (pre-revised
syllabus) from July 2011 cycle onwards.
A communication has been sent to all
prospective students who have applied for
the programme through the Admission Form
attached in the Common Prospectus of Jan.
2011. All such candidates are also required
to remit the difference fee of `200.
Students already registered in BCA (pre-
revised syllabus) up to January 2011
admission session would continue their
studies in the same syllabus.�
Web portal for students, PIs
From distance learning, we have come to
distributed learning,” said Pro-VC Prof
K.R. Srivathsan, while launching the
International Division’s (ID) state-of-the-art
web portal at the University’s Electronic and
Media Production Centre (EMPC) studio.
Jointly designed and developed by the
Advanced Centre for Informatics &
Innovative Learning (ACIIL) and the
International Division, the web portal offers
various facilities at different levels to both
students and Partner Institutions (PI).
It provides support for better
programme coordination as well as
guidelines for those interested in working
with IGNOU and is supported by a Wiki
area that allows PIs to publish information
and interact with their students.�
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 2011 13
NEWSUPDATES
Modern societies, including
India, are in a flux and need the
intervention of disciplines like
psychology to understand the
complex problems and issues faced by
people,” said Pro-VC Prof P.R. Ramanujam
while inaugurating the two-day national
conference on ‘Psychological
Measurement: Strategies for the New
Millennium’, organised by IGNOU’s School
of Social Sciences (SOSS).
The conference, held at the Convention
Centre on March 4-5, focussed on two
major concerns with regard to
psychometry. Firstly, what is the extent to
which the contents and methods have
changed with the changing world and how
do we justify the use of old testing
procedures, if we do; and secondly the
concerns about the use of American and
European testing tools on Indian
population – do we have other choices that
we can adopt? Can we standardise these
tests in Indian context? Can we search for
innovative methods?
While releasing a souvenir of abstracts,
Prof Ramanujam said, “This conference is
aimed at evolving strategies to understand
the psychological measurement in the
context of highly individualised, social and
cultural settings, wherein the old
techniques may be found wanting.”
In his message published in the released
souvenir, Vice Chancellor Prof V.N.
Rajasekharan Pillai remarked, “There has
been a dearth of psychological equipment
and test material that are entirely
standardised in Indian conditions and
exclusively for the Indian population. Experts
in the field have made many attempts to
devise psychological tests, but very little
publicity has been given to their efforts.”
“Psychological measurement is one of
the most significant areas under the field
of psychology. Measuring entities is a
challenge mainly because these entities
are intangible. Within the span of the
century, psychological testing has come a
long way,” said Prof Gopinath Pradhan,
Director, SOSS.
Emeritus professionals like Prof A.K.
Sen, Professor (Rtd.), Delhi University,
Prof Ajit Mohanty, JNU, and Prof Amulya
Khurana, IIT-Delhi, shared their work and
communicated their contribution to this
field.�
Prof. Vimala Veeraraghavan, Emeritus Professor, SOSS and Pro-VC Prof. P.R. Ramanujam at the two-day national conference on Psychological Measurement, held at the IGNOU Headquarters on March 4-5.
factoids IGNOU’s School of Foreign Languages has
introduced two new courses in Urdu and
Arabic languages, from the July 2011
academic session.
Psychological measurement
STUDENTS’CORNER
IGNOU has yet another reason to holdits head high with pride, as one of the
students of the University has led the
first-ever Indian skiing expedition to the
South Pole.
Colonel Anand Swaroop, a student
of IGNOU’s MBA in Human Resource
Management, led an expedition of the
Indian Army to successfully traverse
the long distance of the Antarctic
region and finally hoist the Indian
tricolour at the geographic South Pole
to commemorate the Army Day on
January 15.
The expedition, consisting of eight
members, was formally flagged off by
Army Chief Gen V.K. Singh on November
1 last year from the national capital.
The team, which established its base
camp at the Indian Glacier on the
Antarctica coast on November 24,
commenced their journey on skis on
November 26 from Hercules Inlet. In the
initial week, the team skied for four to
six hours every day averaging 25 km
per day.
In the process of covering a distance
of 1,170 km, the team faced extreme
cold temperatures in the range of minus
15 to minus 40 degrees Celsius.
“It was very difficult to predict the
weather there, as it used change every
few hours. We used to start in bright
sun and hardly half-an-hour later a storm
would come up. But we never stopped
and kept going,” said Colonel Swaroop,
who successfully completed his MBA in
the December 2010 Term-End
Examination.
IGNOU learner
leads a grand first
Defence Minister A.K. Antony felicitatingColonel Anand Swaroop in New Delhi.
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 201114
NEWSUPDATES
The School of Foreign Languages
(SOFL), IGNOU, will soon launch a
Russian Language and Culture
programme in collaboration with
the Russian Centre of Science and
Culture (RCSC), New Delhi.
The announcement was made in
response to the United Nations
declaration of February first week as the
‘Know Your Neighbours’ week.
The proposal to launch the Russian
Language and Culture programme shall be
placed at the forthcoming Academic
Council meeting of IGNOU, Vice
Chancellor Prof V.N. Rajasekharan Pillai
said, adding that the Regional Centres of
the University may collaborate with the
counterparts of the Russian Centre for
the programme.
Yelena Shtapkina, Deputy Director,
Culture & Information, RCSC, stated that
the Russian Language taught in many
universities of the world does not match
the Russian standards and as a result,
candidates have to pass an additional
test to qualify for a job.
“RCSC is ready to facilitate an
appropriate teaching of the Russian
language by providing native teachers to
IGNOU, as per mutually agreed upon
terms and conditions,” she added.
Prof Manu Mittal, Chairperson, Centre
for Russian Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru
University (JNU), New Delhi, said that it is
essential to have exposure to the
languages of neighbouring countries. She
also assured of all possible help to be
given by JNU to SOFL, IGNOU.
SOFL Director Prof G. Chaudhuri
announced that the classes for the two-
month Russian Language and Culture
programme will be held twice a week –
Fridays and Tuesdays – at the IGNOU
campus.
It has also been made compulsory for
all faculty members of SOFL to learn the
language. At the same time, this
programme is also offered to all faculty
members and officers of IGNOU.�
‘Learn Russian language soon’
VC Prof V.N. Rajasekharan Pillai and Yelena Shtapkina, Dy. Director, Culture & Information, RCSC, atthe inauguration of the programme at the IGNOU Headquarters in New Delhi.
Small is big. The adage is converted into a
reality by six-and-a-half-year-old Master
Divya Prakash Pandey. A student of the
Certificate in Craft and Design Programme
(CCDP) under School of Engineering and
Technology, Master Pandey has not only been
tagged as the youngest learner at IGNOU, but
also the youngest student ever enrolled in a
university across the world.
Master Pandey has set the University’s mantra
of ‘Age no bar, Pace no bar, Place no bar’ right by
passing the CCDP in July 2010 session with 76
per cent marks.
A Class II student at Kendriya Vidyalaya, Vigyan
Vihar, New Delhi, Master Pandey was interested in
pottery since childhood. During the course of his
studies, he created fusion in craft and design as
well as magic. He designed a famous magic trick,
‘Water of India,’ besides designing different
patterns and creating innovative ideas.
The CCDP is developed under the IGNOU-
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)
project and aims at upgrading the knowledge and
skills of artisans engaged in pottery.
This programme envisages no pre-requisite
educational qualification for the target group of
rural artisans and interested youths. It introduces
artisans to conceptual designing as well as cost
analysis and marketing of products.
Meet six-year-old potter Divya, courtesy IGNOU
Master Divya Prakash Pandey giving shape toone of his ideas.
The Centre for Traditional Knowledge
Systems (CTKS), IGNOU, in
collaboration with the Foundation for
the Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions
(FRLHT) and the North Eastern Council
(NEC), Shillong, conducted a six-month
residential Ayurvedic Therapy Training, in
Bangalore recently.
As many as 40 youths from the north-
eastern region were trained in Ayurvedic
Therapy in two batches.
While the MoU for the first batch was
signed between IGNOU and FRLHT on
November 26, 2009, the agreement for the
second batch was inked between IGNOU,
FRLHT and NEC on December 9, 2009.
Participants have secured jobs in Ramaiah
Hospital and Amruth Hospital in Bangalore;
and Ayurvedic Centre and Spinx Spa-cum-
Massage Centre in Shillong.
IGNOU and NEC offered scholarships for
a total of 60 trainees. While 40 participants
have already been given the certification in
the two batches, the remaining 20 will be
trained in the third batch, which will
commence at FRLHT on April 4.�
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 2011 15
REGIONALUPDATES
factoidsSOGDS has launched three new programmes — Certificate/Diploma in
Gender and Nutritional Security, Certificate/Diploma in Gender and
Labour and Certificate/Diploma in Gender in Cinema.
Empowering Anganwadi workers
Continuing its endeavour to
undertake capacity-building and
skill development initiatives, IGNOU
has collaborated with the
Department of Women and Child
Development, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, to
provide a training module for Anganwadi
workers in the state.
The University has already dispatched
10,000 copies of the module to the
Department. The collaboration is an
extension of a partnership between IGNOU,
UNICEF and Department of Women and
Child Development, Govt of Madhya
Pradesh, for the Anganwadi Workers Project,
Vidisha, 2008-2009.
The first phase of the project, which was
implemented in Vidisha district in Madhya
Pradesh, aimed at designing and developing
a training module for Anganwadi workers,
while the second phase targeted at
imparting training in the areas of nutrition,
health, education and women empowerment.
IGNOU started the training with 48
Anganwadi workers in the first batch on
December 11, 2008. A total of 20 batches,
comprising of 1,014 workers, were trained
by the University.
Keeping in view the encouraging results,
especially the perceptible qualitative
improvement in the capacities of the
Anganwadi workers, the state government
adopted the ‘Vidisha Model of Training’ and
collaborated with IGNOU for provision of the
training module to the newly-appointed
10,000 Anganwadi workers.
In a letter to Vice Chancellor Prof V.N.
Rajasekharan Pillai, B. Raja Gopal Naidu,
IAS, Principal Secretary, Department of
Women and Child Development, Govt. of
Madhya Pradesh, has stated, “The
Department of Women and Child
Development has received 10,000 copies of
the training module prepared with the
technical assistance of IGNOU, which shall
henceforth be used for the training of
Anganwadi workers in the state. I commend
IGNOU and its team for partnering in the
process of capacity-building of the
Anganwadi workers in the state.”�
Almost 10,000 copies of the training module
for Anganwadi workers have been dispatched
to the M.P. government.
A participant during the training in Bangalore.
IGNOU Regional Centre, Karnal, organised an
induction programme for the January 2011
session students of B.A. in Psychology (BAPC)
and M.A. in Psychology (MAPC) on March 2.
Dr Ashok Sharma, Regional Director and
Academic Counsellor of MAPC and BAPC
programmes, welcomed the students and
discussed the dynamics of distance education and
the structure of the University.
Giving insights into the MAPC programme,
Dr Sharma said that Psychology is not just a subject
to read, but also a skill to practice. He gave the
students many useful tips on how to complete the
programme in minimum duration.
The students were also shown the video of the
first tele-induction programme, wherein Prof Vimala
Veeraraghavan, Programme Coordinator of
Psychology at School of Social Sciences, IGNOU,
had introduced the programmes in the presence of
the Vice Chancellor and the Pro-Vice Chancellors
at the EMPC Studio in New Delhi.
Induction programme at
Karnal Regional Centre
CTKS organises training in Ayurvedic Therapy
Dr. Ashok Sharma giving the courseware to a learner at the induction programme.
IGNOU OPEN LETTER | MARCH 15, 201116
MILESTONESONCAMPUS
Gyan Vani FM Stations
January, 2004: Union HRD Minister Murli
Manohar Joshi inaugurates Gyan Vani
FM Stations at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai
and Delhi.
� Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee
inaugurates Kisan TV Channel.
� IGNOU launches PG Diploma in Audio
Programme Production, PG Diploma in
Radio Prasaran, PG Diploma in Library
Automation and Networking and PG
Diploma in Geriatric Medicine.
� UGC Chairman Prof. Arun Nigavekar delivers
the Seventh Annual Anuvrat Endowment
Lecture on ‘Education for Peace’.
February, 2004: Dr. K. Kasturirangan, former
Chairman, ISRO and Member, Rajya Sabha,
delivers the Convocation Address at the 15th
Convocation, held at IGNOU Headquarters in
New Delhi.
15th Convocation
Upcoming Events
HIGHLIGHTS MARCH-APRIL 2011
The Bel fruit has consid-
erable medicinal value
when it just be-
gins to ripen.
The ripe fruit
helps construc-
tion of skin,
coolant and
laxative. Bel contains
Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2,
niacin, Calcium, phos-
phorus and iron.
Agro-Forestry,
the deliberate
cultivation of
trees with
crops, can
complement
efforts in Watershed
Management by provid-
ing a set of tree-based
conservation and pro-
duction practices for
agricultural lands.
Famously known as
Bharatiya Kokila (The
Nightingale of
India) Sarojini
Naidu was a
child prodigy,
freedom
fighter, and
poet. She was the first In-
dian woman to become
the President of the In-
dian National Congress.
Although plastic is cer-
tainly a globally impor-
tant product, there are
many environmental con-
cerns associated with its
use. Most plastics are not
biodegradable.
In addition,
burning plastic
can some-
times result in
toxic fumes.
Freshwater
pearls come
from freshwa-
ter mussels.
They are pro-
duced in
Japan and the US. The
U.S. Federal Trade Com-
mission requires that
freshwater pearls be re-
ferred to as “freshwater
cultured pearls”.
Silkworm RearingSilkworm rearing is an extensive month-long exercise starting
from egg stage and terminating in adults laying eggs and dying
their natural death. They pass through five larval instars inter-
vened by four moults, cocoon and pupal stage.
Mass Communication and Its ImportanceOutside the realm of interpersonal communication exists an-
other form of communication, which involves communication
with mass audiences. The channels through which this kind of
communication takes place are referred to as mass media.
Agro-Forestry in Water-
shed Management
The Nightingale of
India: Sarojini Naidu
Plastics and the
Environment
Fresh Water Pearl
Culture
Medicinal Plants –
Bel Fruit
GYANDARSHAN
1. 22nd Convocation Ceremony -- April 2,
2011, New Delhi: Union HRD Minister Kapil
Sibal will deliver the Convocation Address
at the 22nd Convocation of the Indira
Gandhi National Open University, to be held
at the IGNOU Convention Centre.
For a complete schedule, log on to www.ignou.ac.in
Keeping the legacy alive
The Centre for Tradi-
tional Knowledge
Systems (CTKS), in
association with the Edu-
cational Development of
North Eastern Region
Unit and the School of
Performing and Visual
Arts organised a demon-
stration, felicitation and
orientation programme for
traditional Gurus of the
‘Certificate Programme in
Indigenous Art Practices
(CIAP) from March 9-11.
Various Gurus regis-
tered with the North Cen-
tral Zonal Cultural Centre
(NCZCC), Allahabad, were
felicitated during the func-
tion, organised under the
Guru-Shishya Parampara
Scheme of the Ministry of
Culture, Govt. of India.
They also demon-
strated their respective
traditional art forms at the
event, held at the IGNOU
Convention Centre.�
1. VC Prof. Pillai with the Gurus registered under NCZCC,
Allahabad. 2. Guru Prabha Singh from Uttar Pradesh presenting
an Awadhi folk song. 3. Guru Ram Charan Yadav from U.P.
presenting the Pai Danda folk dance. 4. Guru Bachau Lal
presenting a Birha folk song. 5. Guru Lakhan Lal Bharve from
M.P. presenting the Gudum Baja Folk Dance.
1
2 3
54