open education week: degrees of open practice
TRANSCRIPT
Open Educational Resources, Open Textbooks and Open Pedagogy
Michael PaskeviciusLearning Technologies Application Developer
Centre for Innovation and Excellence in LearningVancouver Island University
Search & Create LicenseRemix Share
What is this all about?
Hodgkinson-Williams, C. & Paskevicius, M. (2010). University of Cape Town OpenContent - Open Educational Resources Directory Launch. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/mpaskevi/university-of-cape-town-opencontent-open-educational-resources-directory-launch
Enablers of openness
All rights reserved: the defaultNo rights reserved: creator must state public domain
https://ciel.viu.ca/learning-technologies-innovation/developing-using-media-content/finding-using-open-educational-resources/creative-commons-licences
State of the Commons 2015https://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/
Open Educational Resources
Shared
Shared freely and openly to
be…
Used
Improved
Redistributed
… used by anyone to … … adapt / repurpose/
improve under some type of license in order
to …
… redistribute and share
again.
Open Content / open educational resources (OER) / open courseware are educational materials which are discoverable online and openly licensed that can be:
Online DOES NOT EQUAL openly licensed!
Pixel | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - http://www.flickr.com/photos/37408217@N08/5025870260/ Author: filin ilia - aliyo.hu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en
Courseware Text & Multimedia ImagesVideo
• Quickly access links to open educational content for course or content development
• Resources are organized by media type and subject area
• Users can submit open resources they find useful as well
http://wordpress.viu.ca/openeducationalresources/
Vancouver Island University Open Educational Resource Directory
• Arts• Business• Health• Recreation/Tourism• Sciences• Social Sciences• Trades• Upgrading Programs
BC Campus currently has 139 open textbooks available in the following subject areas:
https://open.bccampus.ca/
Business as usual
Commercial textbook
Assigns
Students: • buy used• buy then sell• rent online• access via
library• photocopy• wing it!
Instructor
Jhangiani, J. (2015) Douglas College PD Event: The Desirable and Inevitable Shift Towards Open Pedagogy and Open Science. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/rajivjhangiani1/the-future-is-open-the-desirable-and-inevitable-shift-towards-open-pedagogy-and-open-science
http://chronicle.com/article/Students-Shouldn-t-Have-to/235519
http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/01/why-are-college-textbooks-so-absurdly-expensive/266801/
http://www.slideshare.net/clintlalonde/truolfm-open-textbooks
Replacing commercial textbook with open textbook
Opentextbook
Assigns
Shares with
students
Instructor
Students: • Access free online• Access free via mobile• Print on demand • Remix, adapt,
repurpose• Become familiar with
Creative Commons
What becomes possible using OER?• Free access to online resource in a variety of formats • Editing, localization and remixing of content for local
context• OER as source for building online courses, activities,
assessment • Course content can be shared openly via Wordpress,
etc. – no LMS
• Others? Jhangiani, J. (2015) Douglas College PD Event: The Desirable and Inevitable Shift Towards Open Pedagogy and Open Science. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/rajivjhangiani1/the-future-is-open-the-desirable-and-inevitable-shift-towards-open-pedagogy-and-open-science
What do we lose when using OER?
Jhangiani, J. (2015) Douglas College PD Event: The Desirable and Inevitable Shift Towards Open Pedagogy and Open Science. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/rajivjhangiani1/the-future-is-open-the-desirable-and-inevitable-shift-towards-open-pedagogy-and-open-science
• Perceived high quality of publisher generated texts
• Ancillary materials included with textbooks (slide decks, simulations, test banks, activity sheets, etc.)
• Potential familiarity and history with frequently used textbook
• Others?
Available on the web to other faculties, students and institutions to discover and reuse
Designated as OER on web
Adapted from Conole, G., McAndrew, P., & Dimitriadis, Y. (2010). The role of CSCL pedagogical patterns as mediating artefacts for repurposing Open Educational Resources. Techniques for fostering collaboration in online learning communities: Theoretical and practical perspectives, 206-223.
Traditional sharing of teaching materials
Sharing educational resources as OER
Additional considerations:• Clearing of copyright or use of open licenses • Formatting for web and accessibility for reuse• Addition of descriptive metadata• Publishing in repository, referatory or on the web
Learning activity or resource
Creates
Shares with
students
Instructor
Sharing beyond the classroom
Shares with
colleagues (hopefully)
Research on Potential OER impactSignificant potential for impact on: • student performance and satisfaction• inspiring new approaches to teaching and learning • more equitable access to educational resources• critical reflection on practice by educators through exposure to OER
Lesser impact:• student retention • institutional finances
Weller, M., de los Arcos, B., Farrow, R., Pitt, B., & McAndrew, P. (2015). The impact of OER on teaching and learning practice. Open Praxis, 7(4), 351-361. Retrieved online http://www.openpraxis.org/index.php/OpenPraxis/article/view/227
Logical Pathways to Adopting OER
Others? http://bit.ly/OERPathways
Open Educational Resource Grants
Open Educational Resource grants may be used for, but not limited to:
• Adaptation of Open Textbooks or Open Educational Resources
• Creation of Open Educational Resources
• Course Redesign using Open Educational Resourceshttps://open.bccampus.ca/call-for-proposals/open-educational-resource-grants/
Ancillary Materials Development
Call for proposals to create ancillary support material for existing open textbooks. This can include:
• Test banks of questions based on an existing open textbook
• Presentations (PowerPoint, Open Office, Prezi, etc)
• Multimedia content, such as audio or video, that could further enhance the textbook
• Simulations
• Instructor and student manuals
• Additional learning activitieshttps://open.bccampus.ca/call-for-proposals/ancillary-materials-development/
Engaging with Open Educational Practices
Defining Open Educational Practices • Open Educational Practices have been defined as “the next phase in
OER development, which will see a shift from a focus on resources to a focus on open educational practices being a combination of open resources use and open learning architectures to transform learning” (Camilleri & Ehlers, 2011, p. 6)
• Open Pedagogy “describes the experiences of learners who engage in an experience through the open web. The non-linear, dynamic, and networked characteristics of the open web fully inform the qualities of open pedagogy” (Pacansky-Brock, 2015)
Camilleri, A. F. & Ehlers, U. D. (2011). Mainstreaming Open Educational Practice. Recommendations for Policy. OPAL Consortium. European Foundation for Quality in E-Learning (EFQUEL). Retrieved from http://efquel.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Policy_Support_OEP.pdf
Pacansky-Brock, M. (2015). What is open pedagogy? Teaching and Learning Innovations, August 26, 2015. Retrieved from http://tlinnovations.cikeys.com/uncategorized/what-is-open-pedagogy/
Wileys’ Notes on Open Pedagogy (2016) • Students learn as a result of the things they do• We ask students to do many things – read, watch, listen, answer, solve, etc.• Broadly speaking, our pedagogy is how we decide what we ask students to
do
• Openness increase the number of students who can do things with resources by increasing student access to resources
• Openness enables new pedagogical approaches by allowing students to do things with resources that weren’t previously possible or practical
• Openness invites students to share their work more widely, creating opportunities for peer review, network formation, indexing and archiving
Wiley, D. (2016) Notes on Open Pedagogy. Iterating Toward Openness Blog. March 1, 2016. http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/4483
The Disposable Assignment• Students will do the work• Faculty will grade the work• Students will throw away the
work
• Students will do the work• Faculty will grade the work• The work is inherently valuable
to someone beyond the class• The work is openly published
and licensed so those other people can find and use it
The Renewable Assignment
Wiley, D. (2016) Notes on Open Pedagogy. Iterating Toward Openness Blog. March 1, 2016. http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/4483
Business as usual
Shares resources
among colleagues
Engages in interinstitutional resource sharing
Licensing and permissions often
unclear
Engages students in contributing or
remixing open access, openly licensed and
public domain resources
Creates and shares T&L resources that
are open access, openly license and/or public
domain
Shares practice at teaching
conferences and events
Uses open access, open licenses and
public domain resources in T&L
Adopts and prescribes an open textbook
from BC Campus or other
repository
Engages students in using open access, open licenses and
public domain resources
Understanding of licensing usage rights
Understanding and adoption of open licensing
Uses open resources
found online
Often under fair
use
Spectrum of open educational practices
Most common practices
Emerging practicesFuture practices
Open Pedagogy: Biology 325 • All students built and maintained their own
open access Wordpress site• Posts were aggregated into a parent site• Tasked with creating two articles on a local
bird species of their choice• Comments emerged as students reviewed
one another's work • This work is now
archived and accessibleon the web
http://wordpress.viu.ca/biol325
The ChemWiki is a collaborative approach toward chemistry education where an Open Access textbook environment is constantly being written and re-written by students and faculty members resulting in a free Chemistry textbook to supplant conventional paper-based books.
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpNDMRw7Ygk
Instead of…
https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/lovestory/2014/03/28/carr-keys-326/
http://www.icts.uct.ac.za/
• A starting point for potential research • An excellent source of reusable and
remixable multimedia
• Remixing is creative! • Use openly licensed content and
cite your sources
• Let’s find some open source software which meets your needs
• You can contribute to that software project as well
Lets move towards…
• Open Educational Resources (OER) provide alternatives and supplements to commercial educational resources
• Alternative copyright tools have emerged which make the legal sharing of digital resources more straightforward
• There is a wealth of educational content available under open copyright licenses
• BC Open Textbooks are a provincial initiative and should be promoted as an alternative to commercial textbooks
• Being aware of and using open resources invites new pedagogies and practices
Open education: Key takeaways
Prepared by: Michael Paskevicius Learning Technologies Application DeveloperCentre for Innovation and Excellence in [email protected]
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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.. To view a copy of this license, visit
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Open Educational Practices