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Give them a gold star: exploring the potential of open badges Craig Brown Vicki Dale Sarah Honeychurch John Maguire Learning Technology Unit

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Give them a gold star: exploring the potential of

open badges

Craig Brown

Vicki Dale

Sarah Honeychurch

John Maguire

Learning Technology Unit

Overview of session

• Introduction

• Motivation of learners (Vicki Dale)

• Technical considerations (Craig Brown and John Maguire)

• Examples (Sarah Honeychurch)

• Group activity: designing badges (all participants)

• Feedback

Motivation of learners: Vicki Dale

What motivates people to learn?

• Types of motivation

– Broad types

• Intrinsic

• Extrinsic

• Social

– Subtle variations (Ryan & Deci’s Self-Determination Theory)

– Implications for open badges

What motivates learners to engage in CPD?

Dale, V. H. M., S. E. Pierce and S. A. May (2010). "The importance of cultivating a preference for complexity in

veterinarians for effective lifelong learning." Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 37(2): 165-171.

Response to

external incentives

(rewards or punishment)

Love of

learning

Inner drive

Participation in social

activities by ‘activity-

oriented’ learners

• Learning explained by environmental (external) influences on

observed behaviour (learned associations)

– Summary video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUwCgFSb6Nk

Extrinsic motivation associated with behaviourism –

very simplistic way of looking at learning

B. F. Skinner’s

operant conditioning

Ivan Pavlov’s

classical

conditioning

John B. Watson

Stimulus-response model

Edward L. Thorndike

Law of effect

"One of Pavlov's dogs" by Rklawton - English Wikipedia, see below.

Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via

Wikimedia Commons -

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:One_of_Pavlov%27s_dogs.j

pg#mediaviewer/File:One_of_Pavlov%27s_dogs.jpg

Skinner’s first teaching machine by Silly rabbit,

CC-BY-3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common

s/2/2d/Skinner_teaching_machine_08.jpg

By Christine Matthews [CC-BY-SA-2.0,

via Wikimedia Commons,

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3

ARock_Dove_(Feral_Pigeon)_(Columba_l

ivia)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1309587.jpg

However …

Dale, V. H. M., S. E. Pierce and S. A. May (2010). "The importance of cultivating a preference for complexity in

veterinarians for effective lifelong learning." Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 37(2): 165-171.

Preference for complexity = deep approach, high need for cognition, construction & use of knowledgePreference for simplicity= surface approach, low need for cognition, intake of knowledge

Preference for complexity positively correlated with

intrinsic AND extrinsic AND social motivation …

Ryan, R. M. and E. L. Deci (2000). "Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation,

social development, and well-being." American Psychologist 55(1): 68.

Self-determination theory (Ryan and Deci 2000) provides insight

into subtle variations of extrinsic motivation

Where do open badges fit into this model of motivation?

Behaviourist Constructivist

?

Motivation … implications for open badges

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

Amotivation

Social

• Participation / attendance

– Nice to have, easy to get (Curran 2014)

• Competency based badge

– ‘Digital credentialing’ (Jovanovic & Devedzic 2014)

– Legitimises informal learning experiences (Goligoski 2012)

– Aids transparency to learner achievements (Curran 2014)

– Promotes self-reflection & planning (Jovanovic & Devedzic 2014)

• Gamification

– ‘Fun’ element, fostering collaboration & competition

(Glover 2013, Seliskar 2014)

OPEN BADGES TECHNICAL

Craig Brown & John Maguire

Storing your badges

• What is the Mozilla backpack?

• How do I add badges to my backpack?

• How do I display my badges?

MOZILLA BACKPACK

Storing your badges

• A repository for collecting and displaying badges from a variety of source

• The Open Badges backpack is an interface where the earner can import badges, delete badges, set privacy controls, create and publish groups of badges.

WHAT IS THE MOZILLA BACKPACK?

Storing your badges

• You need to add any awarded badges issued they will not appear automatically once you have earned them.

• Earning a badge.

ADDING BADGES

Storing your badges

DISPLAYING BADGES

• Issuing platform

• Anatomy of a badge

ISSUING BADGES

Creating badges

Creating badges

Creating badgesISSUING PLATFORMS

3rd-party badge issuerData stored on someone else’s server, start issuing now

Use a pluginAdd to an existing product (Moodle, Wordpress, etc.)

Build your own bespoke solutionHire a developer, hold your own data

Creating badgesISSUING IN MOODLE

Requires enabling activity completionIssued manually or linked to activities

No input area for criteriaCriteria selectable only from activities or manual issue

EvidenceNo area for link to evidence

Creating badgesISSUING IN MOODLE

Creating badgesISSUING IN MOODLE

Creating badgesISSUING IN CREDLY

www.credly.com

Examples: Sarah Honeychurch

Web design skills

Lifelong learning

Skills badges

ocTEL: Official MOOC badges

#Rhizo14: badges made by community

https://www.openbadges.me/

OLDS-MOOC: Official MOOC badges

Online Masters Course: Secret badges

??

Group activity: design a badge

• The worksheet on the tables is taken from:

http://www.jiscrsc.ac.uk/media/421718/jiscopenbadgesde

signtoolkit-print_1.pdf

Feedback

• http://learn.gla.ac.uk/yacrs/index.php

• Session 43

Further reading and information

Jisc Open Badge Design Toolkit:

http://www.jiscrsc.ac.uk/media/421718/jiscopenbadgesdesigntoolkit-print_1.pdf

Curran, T. (2014). "How open badges can promote student motivation." Retrieved 26

November, 2014, from http://tedcurran.net/2014/06/06/open-badges-motivation/.

Glover, I. (2013). “Play as you learn: gamification as a technique for motivating learners.”

EdMedia 2013, World Conference on Educational Media & Technology.

Glover, I. and F. Latif (2013). “Investigating perceptions and potential of open badges in

formal higher education.” World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia

and Telecommunications.

Goligoski, E. (2012). "Motivating the learner: Mozilla’s open badges program." Access to

Knowledge: A Course Journal 4(1): 1-8.

Jovanovic, J. and V. Devedzic (2014, early online). "Open Badges: Novel means to

motivate, scaffold and recognize learning." Technology, Knowledge and Learning: 1-8.

Seliskar, H. V. (2014). "Using badges in the classroom to motivate learning." Retrieved 26

November, 2014, from http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/teaching-with-technology-

articles/using-badges-classroom-motivate-learning/.