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    O L Y M P U S S Y S T E M M IC R O S C O P E

    ModelBHT

    OLYMPUS

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    This instruct ion manual has been wri tten for the use of the Olympus System Microscope ModelBHT. I t is recommended that you read the manual carefully in order t o familiarize yourself ful lywith the use of the microscope, so that you can obtain optimum performance from it.

    IMPORTANT

    0 bserve the following points carefully:

    Operation

    1. Always handle the microscope wi th the care i t deserves, and avoid abrupt motions.

    2. Avoid the use and maintenance of the microscope in direct sunlight, high temperature andhumidity, dust and vibration.

    3 . Only use the tension adjustment ring for altering the tension of the coarse adjustmentknobs. (Do not twist the two coarse adjustment knobs in opposite directions simultaneous-ly , as this w ill cause damage.)

    4. Make sure that the voltage selector switch on the base plate is set to conform with the localmains voltage.

    5 . Make it a point of grounding the microscope to prevent electric accidents.

    Maintenance

    1 . Lenses must always be kept clean. Carefully wlpe off oil or fingerprints deposited on thelens surfaces with gauze moistened with a small amount of xylene, alcohol or ether.

    2. Do no t use organic solutions to wipe the surfaces of various components. Plastic parts,especially, should be cleaned with neutral detergent.

    3. Never disassemble the microscope for repair. Only authorized Olympus service personnelshould make repairs.

    4. The microscope should be covered wi th the vinyl dust cover provided and stored in a placefree from humidity and fungi. For extended storage it is recommended to keep objectivesand eyepieces in desiccators, containing desiccants such as silica gel.

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    CONTENTS

    . . .TANDARD EQUIPMENTII. NOMENCLATUREIll. ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV. IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTION OF VARIOUS COMPOhlENTS . .V. OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    A. Switching on the Light Source1 voltage Adjustment and Light Intensity I

    B. Placement of a Specimen SlidepizGq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kwecimen Slide

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Observation Tube1. lnterpupillary Distance Adjustment2. Diopter Adjustment3. Light Path Selector

    D . Condenser Adjustment .1. Condenser CentrationField lris Diaphragm IAperture lris Diaphragm I

    E. Focusing Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. Tension of Coarse Adjustment Knobs and Fine Adjustment

    l ~ s ef Rubber Cap for Fine Adjustment Knob2. Pre-Focusing Lever3. Adjustment of Stage Block Height

    F. Use of Immersion Objectives . . . . .G. Photomicrography

    VI. OPTICAL DATAVII. TROUBLESHOOTING . .

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    I. STANDARD EQUIPMENT

    Component Model

    I Line cord UYCP 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Microscope stand BHT-F

    I Quintuple revolving nosepiece BH2-5RE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

    1

    Observation tubes

    Square mechanical stage with right-handlow drive coaxial controls BH2-SVR

    Abbe condenser BH2-CD 1 1 0Condensers --wing-out condenser BH2-SC 0 0Halogen lamp holder LS-20H 1 11

    Binocular tube BH2-B 130o-rinocular tube BH2-TR30

    - -Halogen bulbs 6V20WHAL 2

    D Ach. 4X. D Ach. IOX, D Ach. 40X, 1D Ach. 100X (oil) each

    0bjectives D Plan 4X. D Plan 10X. D Plan 40XD Plan 100X (oil) 0

    1

    I Eyepieces WHKIOX 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

    10

    r Filter

    10

    Photo eyepiece NFK3.3X

    I Immersion oil, bottled 1 1 1 1 1

    01

    1 VinyTdust cover

    0 0 1

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    II. NOMENCLATUREThe Model BHT consists o f various components and interchangeable accessories as shown in thephoto below. A wide variety of combinations, standard or optional, is available according to yourrequirements.

    Revolving

    Objective "IStage

    Microscope stand

    Observation tube

    Halogen lampholder

    Condenser

    Base

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    - -Ill. ASSEMBLY

    Th is pic ture i l lustrates the sequential procedure o f assembly. T he numbers indicate th eorder o f assembly of various components. Remove dust caps before mou ntin g components.Take care to keep all glass surfaces clean, and avoid scratching the glass surface.NOTE: For numbers O @ and 0 please refer to explanations i n detail o n the ne xt page.

    Eyepiece

    Condenser clampin g screw

    Halogen bu lb

    Condenser(The N.A. scaleengraved on the con- Microscop e standdenser should face themicroscope f ron t . ) Line cord 0 Out le t

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    Explanations in detail@ Mounting the stage

    1) Loosen the stage clamping screw @ byrotating counterclockwise. (Fig. 1)

    2) Insert the stage into the mounting dove-tail of the microscope stand slowly andlock with clamping screw.

    @ Mounting the revolving nosepiece1) L-oosen the nosepiece clamping screwa.

    (Fig. 2)2) Aligning the nosepiece dovetail slide t o

    the mounting block @ , push in the nose-piece slowly all the way.NOTE: Do not tilt or rock the nose-

    piece while inserting into themounting block.

    @ Mounting the observation tube1) Loosen the clamping knob @ fully. Pull

    spring-loaded clamping knob @ . Thiswi ll cause the locating pin @ to withdraw.(Fig. 3) If the pin does not, loosen thescrew further until the pin withdraws.2) With clamping knob @ pulled out, insertthe circular dovetail of the observationtube into the ring dovetail.

    3) Tighten the clamping knob.

    Fig. 1

    Fig. 3

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    IV . IDEN TIF ICAT ION AN D FUNCTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS

    Light path selector knob

    Tension adjustment ringClockwise rota t ion increasescoarse adjustment tension.

    Specimen holder

    Stage clamprng screwLoosen th e screw andthe stage can be rotated Coarseadjustment knob/ Coarse adjustmentrange 2 6 m mAperture ~ r i sdiaphragm ring

    Condenser centering knobs

    Y-axis low drive control knobY excursion range 50mm

    Voltmeter /

    Fine adjustment knobGraduated in increments

    / Slidinq voltaqe control leverVoltage lowers as the lever ispul led toward the microscopef ront .

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    Photo tube

    Condenser heightadjustment knob

    Pre-focusing lever

    7 Filter mount

    L~neord

    adjustment

    A r r o w m a r k 6 +O i nd ica tesincrease in d ia p h ra g m d ia m e te r .

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    Summary of Putting the Microscope into OperationModel BHT

    Match the voltage selector switch to local mains voltage (page 9).Switch on the light source (page 9).Place a specimen slide on the mechanical stage (page 9).Coarse focus with the 1OX objective (page 10. 1 3 ) .Make interpupillary distance and diopter adjustments (page 11) .Adjust the condenser position (page 12).Swing in the desired objective.Adjust light intensity.Fine focus.Adjust aperture iris diaphragm and field iris diaphragm (page 12).

    Adjustment of Illumination System for Various Objective Powers

    I 1 Condenser 1

    Compatible Swing in toplens

    Objective1 magnification

    *N.A. is somewhat low, but st111compatible with a 100X objective.

    (Cu t off this page at dotted line and pu t i t on the wall near the microscope for use as a reminde r of micro-scopic procedure.)

    Achromatic-condenserBH2-AAC

    OLYMPUS

    AbbecondenserBH2-CD

    Swing-outcondenserBH2-SC

    Low powercondenserBH2-UL-C

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    V. OPERATIONA. Switching on the Light Source1) Ascertain that the voltage selector switch @

    is set to conform with the local mains volt-age. (Fig. 4)I f the switch is not correctly set, adjust i t bymeans of the Allen wrench provided or ascrewdriver.

    2) Place the sliding voltage control lever on theright side of the microscope base to a posi-tion closest to you (low voltage position).Switch on the light source. (Fig. 4)Voltage Adjustment and Light Intensity 1As you push the control le vera n he direc-tion of the arrow in order to obtain increas-ing intensity (Fig. 5), the LED readout @will display the lamp voltage.

    B. Placement of a Specimen Slide1) Rotate the coarse adjustment knobs in

    the direction of the arrow to rack down thestage so that a specimen slide can be placedon the stage. (Fig. 6)NOTE: The rotation of the coarse and fine

    adjustment knobs in the direction ofthe arrow will rack down the stage.

    2) Opening the spring-loaded finger of thespecimen holder with one hand, place aspecimen slide inside the holder. (Fig. 7)When the slide comes in contact with theback of the specimen holder, slowly returnthe spring-loaded finger.WARNING: If the spring-loaded finger is

    returned quickly, i t may causedamage to the specimen slide.

    I -ig. 4Fig. 5

    Fig. 6

    Fig. 7

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    I Cover Glass IAn Olympus objective engraved "160/0.17" requires a cover glass of 0.17mm thickness.If the numerical aperture of the objective is 0.7 or higher (except immersion objectives) andno correction collar is provided, the resolving power deteriorates to a great extent if coverglass thickness deviates from the above listed value.IVOTE: In some countries a 0.17mm cover glass corresponds to a designation of #I%.A cover glass (0.4mm thick) for blood counting, etc. can be used with Olympus objectivesexcept D Plan 40X, S Plan Apo 40X and S Plan 100X.

    1 Specimen Slide (Specimen slides 0.8 mm to 1.5mm thick arerecommended for Olympus objectives.Specimen slides 0.8 mm to 1.2mm thick arerecommended for the darkfie ld condenserand the differential interference contrast con-denser.

    3) Bring the portion of the specimen for obser-vation into the light path by means of thelow drive control knobs. (Fig. 8)* Tighten the stage clamping screw @ in themicroscope front.

    1 stage 1The specimen holder can accommodate twostandard specimen slides simultaneously.The specimen holder is removable to obtaina large unobstructed stage surface to holdspecimens up to 55 mm x 85 rnm.To rotate the stage loosen the stage clampingscrew @ and holding this screw, rotate thestage into the desired direciton. (Fig. 9)

    Q Stage clips for use with immersion objectives.(Fig. 10)A pair of stage clips are optionally availableto hold the specimen on the stage, eliminat-ing a specimen drag caused by immersion oilbetween slide and stage surface. The clipscan be inserted into the holes @ providedon the specimen holder.

    Fig. 9

    F ig . 10

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    Observation Tubelnterpupillary Distance Adjustment1 ) Click the 10X objective into position.2) Looking through the eyepieces wi th both

    eyes, adjust the interpupillary distance ofthe binocular tube by adjusting theknurled dovetail slides @ of the right andleft eyepiece tubes wi th both hands unti lperfect binocular vision is obtained. (Fig.11)

    Diopter Adjustment1) Look at the image through the right eye-

    piece with your right eye and focus onthe specimen with the fine adjustmentknobs.2) Next, look at the image through the lefteyepiece wi th your left eye and rotate thediopter adjustment ring @ to focus onthe specimen without using the coarseand fine adjustment knobs. (F ig . 12)

    Light Path Selection1 ) The trinocular tube is provided with a

    light path selector knob to direct the l ightto the observation tube andlor to thephoto tube in 3 positions. (Fig. 13)

    Fig. 12

    Fig. 13

    I1 / 100% into binocular tube 20% into binocular tube 1 into photo tube I0% into ~h o t oube

    Knob PositionPushed in all the way

    (V)

    Applica-tion@ Observation@ Dark specimens

    Pulled out halfway(C. V.)

    Photomicrography ( fo-

    Pulled out all the way(C) 1

    The indicator plate is provided at the knob port to summarize the usage of the abovetable; i t can be consulted before operating the knob.

    V : Viewer (white letter)CV: Camera & viewer (yellow-green letters)C: Camera (red letter)

    The colors of the letters correspond with the color bands on the knob shaft.

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    D. Condenser Adjustment ,1. Condenser Centration

    1) Stop down the field iris diaphragm wi thknurled ring @ by rotating in the direc-tion of the arrow. (Fig. 14)2) Use the condenser height adjustmentknob @ to move the condenser up anddown un ti l an image of the field dia-phragm can be seen clearly in the eye-pieces. The rotation of the knob in thedirection of the arrow lowers the con-denser.

    Field irisdiaphragm image Field of view-7g+('JFig. 153) Bring the field iris diaphragm image into the center of the field of view wi th the two con-

    denser centering knobs @. (Fig. 14)4) Widen the diameter of the iris diaphragm progressively. I f the polygonal image of the irisdiaphragm becomes inscribed in the field i t means that the field diaphragm i s centered.(Fig. 15)

    Field Iris DiaphragmThe field iris diaphragm controls the diameter of the ray bundle impining on the speci-men surface and therefore, by stopping down the field diaphragm unti l i t i s slightlylarger than the field of view, i t can reduce stray light , which in turn increases image defi-nition and contrast.

    In order to achieve optimum objective performance, the opening of the aperture irisdiaphragm should be matched to the numerical aperture of the objective i n use. I t isoften preferable, however, to stop down the aperture diaphragm slightly more than in-dicated by the objective N.A. This will result in better image contrast, increased depth offocus and a flatter field.After completing focus adjustment, re-move one of the eyepieces from the ob-servation tube and look into the emptyeyepiece tube. As you stop down theaperture iris diaphragm, the image of theiris diaphragm can be seen in the object-ive pupil . Adjust the opening of thediaphragm to match the N.A. of the ob-jective in use. I f the specimen is low incontrast, i t is recommended to stop downto 70% -- 80% of the objective N.A. (Fig .16)

    Opening of theaperture diaphragm

    Objective exit pupil IFig. 16

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    Focus AdjustmentTension of Coarse Adjustment Knobs andFine Adjustment.Although the tension of the coarse adjust-ment knobs has been already adjusted foroptimum performance by the manufacturer, '3'ii t is possible to personally adjust the tensionof the coarse adjustment for either heavy orlight movement depending on the operator's

    lar rreference by rotating the tension adjust-ment ring @. (Fig. 17 ) Fig. 17The ring can be rotated by inserting a screwdriver into one of the holes on the periphery ofthe ring. The clockwise rotation (in the direction o f the arrow) tightens the coarse adjust-ment knobs. Do not loosen the ring too much, because the stage may drop or the fineadjustment knobs may slip.NOTE: Do not rotate the right and left coarse adjustment knobs in the opposite directions

    simultaneously. If the stage drops and the specimen goes out of focus, the tensionadjustment ring is too loose. Tighten the ring.

    I Use of Rubber Cap for Fine Adjustment Knob I

    -bAttaching this cap over the fine adjustmentknob increases the sensitivity of the fine focus-ing motion. (The rubber cap is optionally avail-able.)

    2. Pre-Focusing LeverThis lever @ is provided to prevent possiblecontact between specimen and objective aswell as to simpli fy coarse focusing. (Fig. 18)The lever is locked after coarse focus hasbeen accomplished. This prevents furtherupward travel of the stage by means of thecoarse adjustment knobs, and automaticallyprovides a limiting stop if thestage is loweredand then raised again. The pre-focusing lever Fig. 10does not restrict fine focusing.

    3. Adjustment of Stage Block HeightIn addition to the vertical movement of thestage by means of coarse and fine adjust-ments, the stage block height can be changedfor observation of specimens 'which arethlcker than standard slides, e.g. chambers,flasks, etc. with much larger thickness.The stage block height can be adjusted byloosening the stage block locking screw @ Fig. 19with the Allen wrench provided and retightening i t at the upper position. Then, dislocate thelower limit stop pin beneath the stage block into a lower tapped hole. After lowering thestage block, reclamp the stage block locking screwa.Fig. 19)

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    F. Use of Immersion Objectives1 ) Focus the specimen with a low power objective.2 ) Put a drop of immersion oil on the specimen slide and the front lens of the immersion

    objective.3) Turn the revolving nosepiece to bring the immersion objective into the light path, and focus

    with the fine adjustment knobs.NOTE: @ For immersion condensers such as an achromatic-aplanatic condenser or Abbe

    condenser, remove the specimen from the mechanical stage and place a drop ofimmersion oi l on the front lens of the condenser. Then, place the specimen onthe stage and slowly raise the condenser unt il f irm contact w ith the underside ofthe specimen slide i s made.

    @Care should be taken to prevent oi l bubbles from forming in the oil f i lm betweencondenser and specimen slide. If any, re-apply immersion oil, for these bubblesgreatly deteriorate the lens performance.@Afte r use carefully wipe of f the immersion oil deposited on the lens surfaceswith gauze moistened wi th xylene. Never leave oil on the lens surfacesafter useas oil remnants will seriously impair the performance of the lens system.

    G. PhotomicrographyThe Olympus Photomicrographic Equipment Model PM-IOAD is uniquely qualified to beused with the BHT microscope for routine and advanced photomicrography. A separate,detailed instruction manual i s available fo r the PM-TOAD camera system.For quick reference, however, you may want to refer to the following pointers when usingthe PM-IOAD.

    1. Photographic EyepieceUse NFK photo eyepieces fo r photomicro-graphy.Insert the eyepiece into the eyepiece tube ofthe photo tube. (Fig . 20)

    Fig. 202. Mounting the Photographic Unit

    Slip the body of the photographic unit over thephoto tube. Align the dots on photo tube andthe PM-1OAD body and clamp the camera unitto the photo tube. (Fig. 21)

    3. Setting the Light Path SelectorRefer to section C.3. on page 11 . Fig. 21

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    4. Focusing ProcedureUse the field of view eyepieces for focusing on the f i Im plane. Each field of view eyepiecehas a focusing front lens and a reticle with 4 frames, each frame indicating the area coveredby a specific power NFK photo eyepeice. (Fig. 22).The number at each frame indicates themagnification of the photo eyepiece. The ,:f;~li,mage in the field of view eyepiece and the i')-image on the film plane are in focus at the & JJLllsame time. Several type field of view eye-pieces are available, according to the f ilmsize employed. Fig. 22

    1) Select the field of view eyepiece matching the camera back in use and insert it into theright eyepiece tube of the trinocular tube, aligning locating groove and locating pin.

    2) While looking through the field of view eyepiece, rotate the eyepiece front lens in screwmount t o focus on the double cross lines in the field. For sharp focusing wi th objectives4X or lower, the focusing magnifier FT is recommended.

    Field o f view eyepiece

    Attachment camera

    3) Bring the specimen detail to be photographed within the frame corresponding to thepower of the NFK eyepiece in use and focus on the specimen with the microscope fineadjustment knobs. Make sure the l ight path selector knob on the observation tube iseither on the white (V) or yellow-green (CV) band.

    PWH KIOX3%" x 4%"PolaroidBack

    35WH K10X35 mm Back

    4) I t is recommended to tighten the tension adjustment ring considerably t o prevent thestage from dropping during long exposures.

    4X5WHKlOX4" x 5"Sheet F ilm orPolaroid FilmHolder

    MHWHKIOX16 mm Bolexcamera120 Roll FilmHolder

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    VI. OPTICAL DATA

    * Imm ersion object ivesThe resolving p ower and focal dep th are obtained w it h ful ly opened aperture diaphragm.

    D Achromat

    WHKlOX(Fieldnumber

    Technical terms:

    D Plan Ach.

    W orkin g distance: The distance fro m the cover glass to the nearest po int of theobjective.

    lOOX*1.300.201.910.26

    20) Field ofview (mm) 2

    Total mag. 40X 100X 400X

    Num erical aperture: Th e N. A. represents a performance number wh ich can be com-pared t o th e relat ive aperture ( f -num ber) o f a camera lens. T heN.A. values can be used for d irect ly compar ing the resolvingpowers o f al l types o f object ives. The larger the N.A., the higherresolving power.

    4X0.107.03

    34.233.36

    40X0.650.64.580.52

    Focaldepth ( P I.

    Resolving powe r:

    Focal depth :

    40X0.650.274.670.52

    1OX0.257.4

    17.51.34

    10X0.257.2

    16.91.34

    0.10W.D. (mm) 18.2Focalength 30.03

    T h e a b i l i t y o f a lens to register sm all details. T he resolving powe rof a lens is measured b y i ts ab i l i ty to separate tw o po ints.

    10OX11.250.171.750.27Eyepiece

    171.6

    The distance between the upper and lower l imits o f sharpness inthe image formed b y an opt ica l system. As y ou s top down theaperture ir is diaphragm, the focal depth becomes larger. Thelarger the N.A. o f an object ive t he shal lower the focal depth.

    F ie ld nu mber : A number that represents the d iameter i n m m of t he image ofthe f ie ld d iaphragm that is formed b y the lens in f ron t o f i t .

    F ie ld o f v iew d iameter: The actua l s ize of the f ie ld o f v iew i n mm o n the ob ject surface.

    Resolvingpower (f i )

    27.45

    3.36

    3.0 0.7 171.6 27.45 3.0 0.7

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    VII. TROUBLESHOOTINGIf you are unable to obtain full performance from your microscope, please consult wi th thetable below as pointers fo r troubleshooting.

    I Phenomenon Cause RemedyI 1. Optical System II a) With illuminator switched I Field iris diaphragm is not I Open diaphragm to proper

    on, the field of view isdark.

    b) Field of view is cut o ff orilluminated irregularly.

    1 mounted.

    pulled out to C position.Light path selector lever is

    place.Nosepiece is not correctly I microscope frame all the way,

    position.Click i t into proper position

    stopped m dway.Nosepiece is not clicked into

    i t clicks into place.Insert nosepiece dovetail into

    1 I then lock.

    according to your purpose.Slightly rotate nosepiece un til

    1 Condenser is not centered. ( Center condenser. I

    The power of objective usedexceeds the illumination ca-pacity of condenser.

    Field iris diaphragm is stopped Open diaphragm to properdown excessively. diameter.

    Choose a condenser to meetyour purpose.

    c) Dust or dir t is visible in Remove dust, etc.the field of view. 'lean front lenses.

    1 Di rty specimen. II ~ u s tn eyepiece. I

    d) Excessive image contrast. Condenser is lowered too Adjust condenser height.much. 1Aperture iris diaphragm isstopped down excessively.

    Open diaphragm to properdiameter.

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    lmage is not sharp.Insuff icient contrast. microscope frame all the way,lmage details lack defi-nition.

    positioned in the light path.

    Phenomenone) Resolution problems:

    I Objective correction collar is I Rotate correction collar, keep-I not adjusted. 1 ing specimen in fine focus

    CauseNon Olympus objectives areused.

    until optimum resolution is

    RemedyUse Olympus LB series objec-tives.

    I used wit h immersion oil. 1

    1 Olympus is not used. 1 1

    Bubbles in immersion oil.

    Immersion oil designated by

    Remove bubbles (and reap-ply oil).Use Olympus immersion oil.

    out of focus, or image is 1 mounted. ( microscope frame all the way,f ) Field of view is partiallypartly out of focus. 1 1 then lock.

    Objective is not correctlypositioned in the light path.

    Dirty specimens.Dust on condenser lens.Nosepiece is not correctly

    Slightly rotate nosepiece untili t clicks in place.

    Clean.lnsert nosepiece dovetail into

    Specimen is not correctlypositioned on stage.

    Place specimen slide correctlyon stage, and place stage clipsopen it .lnsert nosepiece dovetail intomicroscope frame all the way,then lock.

    g) Specimen image is partial-ly out o f focus.

    Objective is not correctlypositioned in the light path.

    Nosepiece is not correctlymounted.

    Slightly rotate nosepiece untili t clicks into place.

    h) Field o f view becomes

    2. Electric System

    only slightly brighter byincreasing voltage.

    I a) Illuminator i s too bright I Line voltage selector switch

    Condenser is not centered.Condenser is not correctly

    I (or too dark) even when I is not matched with local

    Center condenser.Center condenser.

    centered.Condenser is lowered too

    mains voltageb) Voltage for illuminator

    cannot be raised.

    Adjust condenser height. 1

    Match selector switch tomains voltage.

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    I Phenomenon 1 Cause 1 Remedv 11 C) Lamp &o ff andon Bulb filament is likely to / Replacebulb.I burn out. I Ir Loose electric connections. I Check all connections. Id) Bulb burns out frequently. Line voltage selector switch is I Match selector switch to 1not matched wi th local mains mains voltage. 1

    1 3. Coarse and Fine Adjustments Ivoltage.Bulb is not standard one.

    a) Coarse adjustment knob istoo tight.

    Use standard bulb.

    Tension adjustment ring istightened too much.User is trying to raise stageabove the focusing limit im-posed by the engaged pre-focusing lever.

    Loosen ring properly.Unlock lever.

    b) Stage drops or specimengoes out of focus duringobservation due to slippingfine adjustment knobs.

    C) Stage cannot be raised tothe upper limit.

    Tension adjustment ring istoo loose.

    Pre-focusing lever is engagedin lower than focusing posi-tion.

    Tighten ring properly.

    Unlock lever.

    d) Stage cannot be loweredto the lower limit.

    e) Objective front lens hitsspecimen before cominginto focus.

    Stage is mounted too low.Specimen is placed on stageupside down.

    Raise stage mount wi th Al lenI wrench. -everse specimen

    1 4. Observation Tubes 1Correct the interpupillary dis-tance.

    a) l ncomplete binocular vi-sion.

    1 Diopter adjustment is incom- I Complete the diopter adjust- 1l nterpupillary distance is notcorrect ly adjusted.

    1 plete. I ment. I

    I nocular vision. 1 nocular observation tube, look I

    Right and left eyepieces arenot matched.User is unaccustomed to bi-

    1 1 1 at a far away obiect. I

    Use a pair of matched eye-pieces.Prior to looking into the bi-

    1 5 . Stagea) l mage easily goes out of

    focus when you touch the

    1 on the east-west traverse. I sitioned. 1stage.

    b) Specimen stops midway

    Stage is not correctly locked. Clamp stage securely.

    Specimen is not correct ly po- Adjust specimen position.

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    SAN-El BUILDING, 22-2, NlSHlSHlNJUKU1-CHOME, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN