Mohammed Mohammed NawasrehNawasrehMusa Musa ReshaydatReshaydat

NEW & OLD OIL SHALE RESERVES IN NEW & OLD OIL SHALE RESERVES IN

JORDAN:JORDAN:

COMPARATIVE STUDYCOMPARATIVE STUDY

OUTLINESOUTLINES

DefinitionsDefinitions

Oil shale occurrencesOil shale occurrences

Geological SettingGeological Setting

Previous ActivitiesPrevious Activities

Properties of Oil Shale DepositsProperties of Oil Shale Deposits

Investment OpportunityInvestment Opportunity

•• Jordan possesses a large reserve of oil Jordan possesses a large reserve of oil shale deposits that represent a significant shale deposits that represent a significant energy source which may lead to energy energy source which may lead to energy selfself--sufficiency.sufficiency.

DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS•• JORDANIAN OIL SHALE:JORDANIAN OIL SHALE: kerogenkerogen--rich, argillaceous rich, argillaceous

bituminous marl, bituminous chalk marl, bituminous bituminous marl, bituminous chalk marl, bituminous limestone and bituminous dolomatic limestone, containing limestone and bituminous dolomatic limestone, containing immature organic matter that, when it is heated to above immature organic matter that, when it is heated to above 500500 ° °C, produces oil and gas. C, produces oil and gas.

•• COLORCOLOR:: light brown to brown, grey to dark grey & black. light brown to brown, grey to dark grey & black.

LOCATIONS LOCATIONS

Major deposits of commercial scale are located Major deposits of commercial scale are located

south of Amman in central Jordansouth of Amman in central Jordan..

More thanMore than 23 23 known deposits of oil shale are known deposits of oil shale are

present at the surface and near the surface.present at the surface and near the surface.

8 8 of which were investigated to different levels, of which were investigated to different levels,

namely namely ElEl--LajjunLajjun, , SultaniSultani, , JurfJurf EdEd--DarawishDarawish, ,

Attarat Um GhudranAttarat Um Ghudran, , WadiWadi MagharMaghar, , SiwaqaSiwaqa, , Khan Khan

ElEl--ZabibZabib and Eland El--ThamadThamad..

GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICSGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Oil shale occurs within the lower part of the Oil shale occurs within the lower part of the MCM Formation (MCM Formation (CampanianCampanian--MaestrichtianMaestrichtian).).

The Formation consists of limestone, marl, The Formation consists of limestone, marl, chalk, shales and phosphates.chalk, shales and phosphates.

Oil shale generally is not exposed, but is at Oil shale generally is not exposed, but is at shallow depth, with almost horizontal beds. shallow depth, with almost horizontal beds.

The overburden is sedimentary rock, The overburden is sedimentary rock, unconsolidated to moderately consolidated, unconsolidated to moderately consolidated, consisting of marl and chalk with some gravels consisting of marl and chalk with some gravels and silt at the top. and silt at the top.

GravelsGravels

ChalkChalk

MarlMarl

Chalk Chalk lstlst

OVERBURDEN SECTIONOVERBURDEN SECTION

GravelsGravels

Slightly Bituminized Marly

Slightly Bituminized Marly

LimestoneLimestone

MarlMarl

Chalk Chalk lstlst

ChalkChalk

Oil ShaleOil Shale

OVERBURDEN SECTION OF OVERBURDEN SECTION OF LAJJUNLAJJUN

OpenOpen--pit in Sultani Depositpit in Sultani Deposit

ChalkMarl

Chalkymarl

Bituminized Marly Lst

Oil shale

PREVIOUS ACTIVITIESPREVIOUS ACTIVITIES

•• 1915 1915 -- Germany/Ottoman Empire produced Germany/Ottoman Empire produced shale oil. shale oil.

•• During the last 30 years, NRA has been carrying During the last 30 years, NRA has been carrying out extensive geological studies to determine out extensive geological studies to determine the oil shale quantities and qualities in Jordan.the oil shale quantities and qualities in Jordan.

•• In 1979, BGR evaluated oil shale deposits in In 1979, BGR evaluated oil shale deposits in central Jordan (Elcentral Jordan (El--LajjunLajjun, , JurfJurf EdEd--DarawishDarawish, El, El--HisaHisa and and SultaniSultani).).

•• In 1980, a prefeasibility study by In 1980, a prefeasibility study by TechnopromTechnoprom to to determine the feasibility of direct burning the oil determine the feasibility of direct burning the oil shale for 300shale for 300-- 400MW of power400MW of power

•• In 1980, German company In 1980, German company LurgiLurgi--RuhrgasRuhrgas carried carried out two prefeasibility studies for a 50,000 out two prefeasibility studies for a 50,000 bbl/day retorting complex using LR process and bbl/day retorting complex using LR process and upgrading units, and 300 MW Power plant using upgrading units, and 300 MW Power plant using LurgiLurgi’’ss CFB technology.CFB technology.

•• In 1985, (Sinopec) with Chinese Institutions In 1985, (Sinopec) with Chinese Institutions carried out a test in order to determine carried out a test in order to determine feasibility of a Fushunfeasibility of a Fushun––type retort. The test type retort. The test proved the technical viability of extracting shale proved the technical viability of extracting shale oil from Eloil from El--LajjunLajjun oil shale.oil shale.

•• In 1986, In 1986, the German Consortium the German Consortium KlocknerKlockner --LurgiLurgi concluded an updated prefeasibility study concluded an updated prefeasibility study for the previous study.for the previous study.

•• In 1987, Jordan Electricity, MEMR and NRA In 1987, Jordan Electricity, MEMR and NRA commissioned direct combustion studies using commissioned direct combustion studies using SultaniSultani oil shale deposit with BBC, Engineering oil shale deposit with BBC, Engineering Combustion Combustion LummusLummus Canada and Canada and PuroPuro--Power Power (USA). The test demonstrated that (USA). The test demonstrated that SultaniSultani oil oil shale is suitable as fuel.shale is suitable as fuel.

•• In 1997, Shell Co. drilled and carried out In 1997, Shell Co. drilled and carried out borehole testing in borehole testing in ThammadThammad and Khan and Khan ZabibZabibareas for Inareas for In--situ processing technique.situ processing technique.

•• 19981998--2000, Suncor carried out exploration and 2000, Suncor carried out exploration and testing on oil shale in testing on oil shale in LajjunLajjun for oil extraction.for oil extraction.

OUTCROP IN OUTCROP IN YARMOUKYARMOUK RIVERRIVER

Old ReservesOld Reserves

•• More than More than 65 Billion tons65 Billion tons as geological reserves of oil as geological reserves of oil

shale has been estimated in Jordan.shale has been estimated in Jordan.

•• 4040 Billion tons recorded in Central Jordan.Billion tons recorded in Central Jordan.

•• Could provide Could provide 4 Billion4 Billion tons of tons of crude oilcrude oil (Average 10% (Average 10%

oil content in rock).oil content in rock).

•• Calculated total reserves equal to Calculated total reserves equal to 2626 BillionBillion barrels barrels

ofofcrudecrude oiloil

•• Jordan is ranked number Jordan is ranked number 88thth among the world shale oil among the world shale oil

reserves.reserves.

SUMMARY OF MAIN DEPOSITSSUMMARY OF MAIN DEPOSITS

WadiMagh

ar

Attarat Um El-

Ghudran

Jurf Ed-Darawish

SultaniEl-Lajjun

> 3952261502420.4AREA (km2)

404563.831.629.6Av. thickness oil shale (m)

40.553.247.369.325.8Av. thickness of overburden

(m)

3160011300800011301196Geological reserves (Mt)

216001040025009891170Proved & Indicated

reserve (Mt)

Chemical and physical propertiesChemical and physical properties

Jurf Ed-Darawish

SultaniEl-Lajjun

5.77.510.5Av. oil content (wt%)

1821.522.1Total organic matter (wt%)

86412101590Calorific value (kcal/kg)

69.1146.954.3CaCO3 (wt%)

4.34.44.8SO3 (wt%)

2.11.961.81Bulk density (g/cm3)

2.82.62.43Moisture (wt%)

……Further InformationFurther Information

C. value (kj/kg)

Densityg/cm3

S%

Ash %Moisture%

69061.813.154.72.15El-Lajjun

63801.962.455.55.5Sultani

46032.12.458.44.5Jurf E Darawish

72351.82.653.23.25Attarat Ghudran

47732.032.657.52.9Wadi Maghar

69061.83.254.72.5Eth-Thamad

Chemical Composition of Oil shaleChemical Composition of Oil shale

Jurf Ed-Darawish

SultaniEl-Lajjun

16.326.2616.13SiO2%0.160.130.16TiO2%3.762.873.77Al2O3%

1.551.121.55Fe2O3%

0.00n.D0.01MnO%0.190.950.85Mn2O3%38.3726.330.43CaO %

0.10.270.1Na2O%0.181.370.00K2O%1.533.483.3P2O5%4.734.384.83SO3%39.533.038.13LOI %

1050-8600

1020-7500

3341-4665

2371-6790

1400-8130

1930-8980

1010-9760

Cal. Value KJ/Kg

1.36-1.761.74-1.91.34-1.91.5-1.891.87-1.991.8-1.91.8-2.1B. Den.g/Cm3

2.312.371.2-3.20.6-2.73.2-6.52.6-5.50.27-4.3Sulfur%

72.4-94.259.4-91.248-9474.4-8874-9475-90.576.7-93.4Spent Shale%

6.8-14.2 0.36-24.30.1-12.60.2-2.570.6-5.20.6-12.60.62-10.6Moi. Wt%

81-188119-19613-10821-10418.6-1572-651-87Oil Shale

Th.(m)

83-14551-14733-7036-15533-5834-907-78OB Th.(m)

Min-MaxMin-MaxMin-MaxMin-MaxMin-MaxMin-MaxMin-Max

51937623155156B.H Drilled

8.27.67.88.797.87.510AV. Oil Cont.%

39166253401507520.4Area Km2

5.86.240.823.122.121.11.2Pr. Reserve BT

Khan Al ZabebThamadW. MagharAttartJ DarawishSultniEl Lajjun

Ali Ghannam 4/10/2008 NRA Total Reserve: 100.3 B.T

New Exploration 2006-2008

100.3Total

????Siwaqa (NRA 2008)

1.2Lajjun

1.1Sultani

5.8Khan Al Zabib (NRA 2008)

6.2Athamad (NRA 2008)

22.12*** Jurf Ad Darawish (Hufnagel 1985)

23.1** Wadi Attarat Umm Ghudran (NRA 2008)

40.8 * Wadi Maghar (NRA 2008)

PROVEN RESERVE BTAREA NAME

Ali Ghannam 4/10/2008 NRA Total Reserve: 100.3 B.T

Investment OpportunityInvestment Opportunity

•• Huge reservesHuge reserves•• Good quality Good quality •• Offering favorable mining conditions:Offering favorable mining conditions:

•• Shallow and suitable for surface mining.Shallow and suitable for surface mining.•• Low Stripping ratio (Av. 1:1 in general).Low Stripping ratio (Av. 1:1 in general).•• Beds are horizontal and structurally Beds are horizontal and structurally

undisturbed.undisturbed.•• Soft to moderate overburden rocks.Soft to moderate overburden rocks.

•• Located in remote or thinly populated areasLocated in remote or thinly populated areas•• Have good roads connected with asphalted Have good roads connected with asphalted

highways.highways.

Drilling activities in Attarat areaDrilling activities in Attarat area

OPEN PIT IN EL OPEN PIT IN EL LAJJUNLAJJUN

GENERAL VIEW OF EL GENERAL VIEW OF EL LAJJUNLAJJUN

THANK YOU THANK YOU

FOR YOUR ATTENTIONFOR YOUR ATTENTION