ocean zones, ocean life, and ocean chemistry ocean zones intertidal zone neritic zoneopen-ocean zone...

20
Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry

Upload: silas-turner

Post on 22-Dec-2015

238 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry

Page 2: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

Ocean Zones

Intertidal ZoneNeritic Zone Open-Ocean Zone

Surface Zone

Middle/Transition Zone

Deep Zone

Continental shelf

Continental Slope

Abyssal Plain

There are 3 horizontal ocean zones:Intertidal Zone- area at the seashore that is underwater during high-tide and exposed during low-tideNeritic Zone- extends from the low-tide line to the edge of the continental shelfOpen-Ocean Zone- ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf

There are 3 vertical ocean zones:Surface Zone- sunlit area where plankton live and zone whose temperature is most affected by weatherMiddle/Transition- zone in which most of the ocean’s nekton (free-swimming organisms) live Deep Zone- deepest, darkest, coldest zone where most organisms are benthic (bottom-dwellers)

Beach Shallow Ocean Deep Ocean

High-Tide LineLow-Tide Line

Page 3: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

Ocean Zones

2. 5. 6.

7.

8. 10. 11.

12.

Abyssal Plain Neritic Zone Transition Zone Beach

Continental Shelf Intertidal Zone Deep Zone Continental Slope

Low-Tide Line Surface Zone Open-Ocean Zone High-Tide Line

1. Shallow Ocean Deep Ocean

3. 4.

9.

Page 4: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

Three Groups of Marine Life

Plankton

Nekton

Benthos

Page 5: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

Check What You THINK You Knowplankton, nekton, benthos

• What life zone do you think this lives in?

• What life zone do you think this lives in?

• What life zone do you think these live in?

Page 6: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

Check What You THINK You Knowplankton, nekton, benthos

• Which type of organism do you think lives on the ocean floor?

• Which type of organism do you think swims freely throughout the ocean?

• Which type of organism do you think lives on the surface of the ocean?

Page 7: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

PLANKTON and ALGAE• The majority of plankton and algae are microscopic.• They float on the surface of the ocean where there is

plenty of sunlight.• Like algae and any other plant, they need carbon dioxide

to breathe and sunlight to undergo photosynthesis.• They create a lot of oxygen when they breathe, so much

that there is 60 times as much oxygen in the ocean as there is in the atmosphere.

Page 8: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

PLANKTON

• There are two types of plankton.

• Phytoplankton are plant-like organisms.

• Zooplankton are animal-like organisms.

Page 9: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

NEKTON

• Nekton are free-swimming organisms.

• They are the majority of organisms that you probably think of when you hear “marine life.” They are very abundant in the ocean.

Page 10: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

NEKTON

• Nekton organisms have the ability to swim freely throughout the main body of the ocean.

Page 11: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

NEKTON

• There are many types of nekton.

Page 12: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

BENTHOS

• Benthos are organisms that live on or in the ocean floor.

• They live in the mud, sand and rock that is found on the ocean floor.

• Many benthos organisms are probably very familiar to you.

Page 13: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

BENTHOS

• There are many different types of benthos organisms.

Page 14: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

The Ocean Food Chain• Plankton

Plankton are at the bottom of the food chain. Zooplankton eat the phytoplankton.

• NektonCertain members of the nekton eat plankton and they eat each other. Usually the bigger organisms eat the smaller ones, like a shark eating smaller fish, but this is not always the case. Certain types of whales called baleen whales don’t eat fish. They eat only plankton. These filter feeders take in large amounts of seawater as they swim and filter out the plankton for food.

• BenthosBenthos must protect themselves from predators and create sheltered homes. They eat nekton and each other but not plankton. Why is this?

Page 15: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

The Ocean Food Chain

http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngexplorer/0309/quickflicks/

Page 16: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

Let’s see what you have REALLY learned!

I am going to show you some pictures. You need to identify which life zone that

animal lives in!

Benthos--------Plankton--------Nekton

Page 17: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

What else have you learned?

• Which type of organism lives in the main body of the ocean?

• Which type of organism needs to create safe shelters on the ocean floor for protection?

• Which type of organism has only two types?

Benthos-----------Plankton----------Nekton

Page 18: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

Ocean Chemistry Salinity = Salt (NaCl-Sodium Chloride) Higher Temperature = More Evaporation More Evaporation = Saltier Water Lower Temperature = Less Evaporation Less Evaporation = Less Salty Water

Where is the water more salty? ___ Less salty? ___

A. Off the coast of Antarctica

B. Off the coast of Florida

Page 19: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

Ocean ChemistryThe Atlantic Ocean experiences more evaporation than thePacific Ocean therefore the water in the Atlantic Ocean is: A. Less salty B. More saltyand therefore the average temperature of the Pacific Oceanmust be: A. Lower B. Higherthan the Atlantic Ocean.

Even though many gallons of freshwater pour into the oceans each day, the salinity (saltiness) of the ocean remains in balance at about 35 partsper thousand (35/oo) because water is constantly evaporating from theocean, leaving the salt behind.

Page 20: Ocean Zones, Ocean Life, and Ocean Chemistry Ocean Zones Intertidal Zone Neritic ZoneOpen-Ocean Zone Surface Zone Middle/Transition Zone Deep Zone Continental

The End