observation data requirements for freight railway transportation
DESCRIPTION
Observation Data Requirements for Freight Railway Transportation. 3rd National Surface Transportation Weather Symposium Tysons Corner, VA July 26, 2007. Outline. Type of climatic hazards that influence railways Cost and influence of natural hazards - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Observation Data Requirements
for Freight Railway
Transportation3rd National Surface Transportation Weather SymposiumTysons Corner, VAJuly 26, 2007
2007/07/263rd NSTWS - Canadian Pacific
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Outline
Type of climatic hazards that influence railways Cost and influence of natural hazards Example of a technical initiatives to reduce hazard Needs for data and criteria
2007/07/263rd NSTWS - Canadian Pacific
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1. High temperatures- Sun (rail) buckles or kinks- Forest and grass fires burning ties
2. Low temperatures- Icing of switches- Broken rail- Frost heaves
- Frost jacking of rock slope3. High antecedent precipitation conditions contribute
- Increased frequency of earth slides- Debris flows- Flooding - Scour erosion to bridges and embankments- Culverts failure
4. High wind - toppled empty double stake rail cars
5. Results- 9 Fatalities and ~100 injuries in last 38 years on CP
Ways weather affects railways
2007/07/263rd NSTWS - Canadian Pacific
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Rail buckles (kinks) due to high temperature and radiant heating
2007/07/263rd NSTWS - Canadian Pacific
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CPR tracks
MB, Canada - North ND, USA - South
Photo from Manitoba Conservation
2. Severe weather and the impact of
natural hazards on railways
Emerson Sub, Mile 63.8 April 30, 1997
2007/07/263rd NSTWS - Canadian Pacific
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Cranbrook, Fording, and Bryron Creek Subs
June 5, 1995 Sparwood and Fernie, SW BC
Bryon Creek Sub, Mile 11.11 Andygood Creek
Bryon Creek Sub, Mile 7.7 Michel Creek
Fording Sub, Mile 17.50
2007/07/263rd NSTWS - Canadian Pacific
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Kamloops, BCTHOM 086.70 March 12, 2007103 hr service interruption
2007/07/263rd NSTWS - Canadian Pacific
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1. Cost of various types natural hazards
- Natural hazards cost CP (the smallest NA Class 1) an about $12 million in 2007
- In 2007 (El Nino winter) 58% Planned & 42% Unplanned (emergency response)
- Not including lost revenue
Subsidence10%
Rock fall22%Landslides
31%
Tunnels8%
Avalanche6%
Debris flow 10%
Retain walls6%
Other (Wind)3%
Erosion4%
2007/07/263rd NSTWS - Canadian Pacific
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Revenue Costs from 1996 BC Southline Outages
y = 2078.4e0.1352x
$0
$20,000,000
$40,000,000
$60,000,000
$80,000,000
$100,000,000
$120,000,000
$140,000,000
$160,000,000
$180,000,000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Hours
Cost
Expon. (Cost)
Railway Ground Hazard Research Program:
……Ground Hazard Risk to CNR ……Ground Hazard Risk to CNR
•Revenue costs are Revenue costs are exponential after 48 exponential after 48 hourshours
•GH’s outages are GH’s outages are double any other double any other causes averaging causes averaging 1.1 days1.1 days
2007/07/263rd NSTWS - Canadian Pacific
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Technical initiatives
Weather information system RailWIS
Wind – initiating track side anemometer program to deal with severe wind derailments Development of earth slide and debris flow warning criteria
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SWAL Status Display area[Symbol color indicates station SWAL status (see legend). Click on any symbol to select station and display data in “Station Data
Display Area”.]
Map Panning Controls [Click to pan map in any of the four directions for zoom levels beyond
100%.]
Map Surrounds flashes red when the SWAL level reaches alarm status for any station.
Active Weather Warning List Area & Access Link. [Click on any message to view details on given warning. Viewed warnings change color. Click and hold scroll controls to view long lists of messages. See “Display Options Menu” to also hide viewed warnings within list area. Note: Warnings are only updated when the Main Data Page is “Refreshed” (see
Display Options Menu”.]
Display Options Menu Access Link [Click on text to activate display options menu controlling: map layers, station filtering by SWAL status, station color assignment, display units, page refresh mode and, display of viewed warnings. Please refer to user guide
for details.]
Station Database Selection Area [Click on any one radial button to activate and display data of given database. Color of text and outline indicates highest SWAL status for each database. The outlines will disappear as the flashing alarm display is reset. Note: RED color indicates at or above critical conditions, YELLOW indicates approaching critical conditions
and Black, within operational limits.]
Name of Active Station Database[Caution: The presence of “FILTERED” in the database name indicates that the displayed SWAL status (color of the map symbols) IS POTENTIALLY NOT the highest SWAL status for any given station. Please see the setting of the “Associate station
color with…” option on the “Display Options Menu” ]
Map Zoom Factor Control [Click and select
zoom level.]
Station Data Display Area [ Click and hold scroll controls to view data for the selected station. Each data item is color-coded according its SWAL
status.]
SWAL Flashing Surround Resets[Click on “Current” or “Master” to stop the flashing (Indicates SWAL alarm) of the map surround for the active or, all databases. This action also deletes any colored
database outline.]
Map Coverage & Panning Area [For Zoom factors greater than 100%, a blue overlay shows the coverage and location of the main map. To relocate the main map, click and drag the blue overlay within the overview
window.]
Report Generator Functions [Alternatively click on map station symbols and the “Add Station” text to create a text report that can be “View”ed, “Print”ed
and “Clear”ed ]
Map Symbol Legend Access Link [Click on text to view legend of map symbols and color
coding assignment]
RailWIS – Rail Weather information system
2007/07/263rd NSTWS - Canadian Pacific
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5. Weather hazard information system
Weather Services (NWS &
EC)
Network management centre &
Track maintenance
Weather information
supplier
Calculate indices
Compare to 10, 50 and
100 year return
period indices
SWAL process
Railway
Does not exceed
Exceeds
GIS display
Real time weath
er station
dataWeathe
r radar data
Data sourceProcessing/
presentation Notification
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Wind derailmentsTrain accident reduction strategies
CP has experienced 4 derailments of empty double stack containers in the past 5 years at an average cost of $2 million/derailment.
Current initiative to develop wind monitoring sites and communicate information to train operators
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Four derailments Carberry 42.15
Nov 1, 1999 Maple Creek 13.8
Dec 5, 2003 Maple Creek 13.8
Jan 22, 2005 Adirondack Sub
41.9 Feb 17, 2006
Risk derailment is increasing at 7% annually
Nature of the hazard
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Carrberry Sub 42.15 (Antelope) derailment, Nov 1, 1999
Reported wind, 27 mph @ 130 degrees
Train, 38 mph @ 250 degrees
Nov 1, 1999 Wind derailment
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Carberry Sub, Mile 42.15 - Nov 01, 1999 DerailmentPortage Southport - Wind speed and direction
29 miles east (9 km (9 minutes) upwind) of derailment
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 0:00
Time (hours)
Win
d Sp
eed
(km
ph)
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
Win
d di
rect
ion
(deg
rees
)Wind Speed
Derailment
Wind index
UP Wind warning
BNSF Wind warning
Wind Direction
Carberry Sub, Mile 42.15 Nov 1, 1999
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Wind hazard notification systems - potential schemes
Options1. Track side anemometer – NMC (Network Management Centre (= NASA Mission Control)) – Train crew2. Track side anemometer – Train crew3. Train mounted wind load pressure cell – Train crew
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Anemometer measures wind speed and directionAnemometer sends message to NMC if thresholds are exceededNMC analyses wind direction and speed and determines location of wind sensitive trains in area NMC directs wind sensitive trains to slow and stop in the nearest leeward siding
Track side anemometers – NMC - train
NMC
Anemometer
Trains
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Wind sensitive load cell on the both sides of the locomotive Red light or gauge in cab indicates when differential pressure is approaching blow over threshold Train crew responds by slowing train and stopping in next leeward siding
Train mounted wind-load pressure cell
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Financial – Cost estimates
Track side anemometer to NMC to Train $0.5 8 to 12 months
Train mounted pressure cells $1.6M ($4,000/locomotive * 400
locomotives) 12 to 48 months
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Shuswap Sub, Mile 22.5June 13, 1990
22 mile West of Revelstoke, BC
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CPR geotechnical weather studies Shuswap Sub, Mile 22.5 June 13, 1990
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Conclusions
Always want more data Need weather service information providers to package information Need criteria specifically tailored to railway infrastructure vulnerability to reduce false alarms
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Thank you?
Chris BunceManager – Geotechnical EngineeringCanadian [email protected]
Have a safe journey home. It is the likely the most dangerous thing you’ll do to day.