Objectives:Objectives:

Identify the three estates of the Old Identify the three estates of the Old RegimeRegime

Summarize the factors that led up to Summarize the factors that led up to the French Revolution.the French Revolution.

Describe the creation of the National Describe the creation of the National Assembly and the Storming of the Assembly and the Storming of the BastilleBastille

Explain the importance of the Great Explain the importance of the Great Fear and the women's march on Vienna.Fear and the women's march on Vienna.

The Old RegimeThe Old Regime In the late 1700s people of France still In the late 1700s people of France still

divided into social classes, or estatesdivided into social classes, or estates This was a system of feudalism called the This was a system of feudalism called the

Old RegimeOld Regime 2/3 of the estates had privileges, held high 2/3 of the estates had privileges, held high

offices and didn’t have to pay taxoffices and didn’t have to pay tax These were the:These were the:

- First Estate- made of clergy from the - First Estate- made of clergy from the Catholic Church- was less than 1% of Catholic Church- was less than 1% of France’s total populationFrance’s total population- Second Estate- made up of rich nobles- - Second Estate- made up of rich nobles- 2% of France’s population2% of France’s population

The Third EstateThe Third Estate 98% of France’s population and paid 50% 98% of France’s population and paid 50%

of their own income to taxesof their own income to taxes Had no power to influence the governmentHad no power to influence the government Embraced Enlightenment ideasEmbraced Enlightenment ideas Was broken further into groups:Was broken further into groups:

--11stst: the bourgeoisie- merchants and : the bourgeoisie- merchants and artisans, some very wealthy, but paid artisans, some very wealthy, but paid taxes, and lacked privileges taxes, and lacked privileges -2-2nd:nd: city workers- cooks, servants city workers- cooks, servants-3-3rdrd: peasants, made up 80% of : peasants, made up 80% of population- heavily taxed, wanted change, population- heavily taxed, wanted change, resented nobles and clergyresented nobles and clergy

InspirationsInspirations

The American Revolution inspired the The American Revolution inspired the Third EstateThird Estate

Many began questioning the Many began questioning the structures of society and started structures of society and started using words like equality, liberty and using words like equality, liberty and democracydemocracy

Listened to the enlightenment Listened to the enlightenment thinkersthinkers

Economic WoesEconomic Woes

Population risingPopulation rising High taxes made it impossible to have a High taxes made it impossible to have a

business with a profitbusiness with a profit Cost of living rose for everyoneCost of living rose for everyone Bad weather in the 1780s caused crop Bad weather in the 1780s caused crop

failures, resulting in severe shortage of failures, resulting in severe shortage of graingrain

People faced starvationPeople faced starvation Extravagant spending by king (Louis XVI) Extravagant spending by king (Louis XVI)

and queenand queen

Louis XVILouis XVI Became king of France in 1774Became king of France in 1774 Borrowed lots of money to help the American Borrowed lots of money to help the American

Revolutionaries gain their independence from Revolutionaries gain their independence from Great Britain (France’s greatest enemy) Great Britain (France’s greatest enemy) doubling France’s debtdoubling France’s debt

Bankers started to refuse to lend more moneyBankers started to refuse to lend more money Was indecisive, and would play with locks Was indecisive, and would play with locks

rather than deal with important government rather than deal with important government issuesissues

Married Marie Antoinette when he was 15, and Married Marie Antoinette when he was 15, and she was 14 she was 14

Marie AntoinetteMarie Antoinette Member of Austrian royal family (mother Member of Austrian royal family (mother

was Maria Theresa)was Maria Theresa) She was unpopular with the people in France She was unpopular with the people in France

immediatelyimmediately She refused to wear the tight fitting styles She refused to wear the tight fitting styles

and instead wore loose cotton dresses that and instead wore loose cotton dresses that many thought looked like underwear and many thought looked like underwear and was scandalouswas scandalous

As Queen, she spent so much money on As Queen, she spent so much money on gowns, jewels, and gifts she became known gowns, jewels, and gifts she became known as “Madame Deficit”as “Madame Deficit”

For entertainment, she played cards losing For entertainment, she played cards losing 1.5 million dollars in a single year1.5 million dollars in a single year

Louis put off dealing with France’s Louis put off dealing with France’s bankruptcy issue until it was too latebankruptcy issue until it was too late

His answer was to tax the 2His answer was to tax the 2ndnd Estate Estate Upset, the nobles forced the king to call Upset, the nobles forced the king to call

a meeting of the Estates General (an a meeting of the Estates General (an assembly of representatives from all 3 assembly of representatives from all 3 estates) to get approval for the tax estates) to get approval for the tax reformreform

This was the first meeting in 175 yearsThis was the first meeting in 175 years

Outnumbered Outnumbered

The 1The 1stst and 2 and 2ndnd estate would always estate would always outnumber the 3outnumber the 3rdrd estate in votes, estate in votes, because each estate had 1 votebecause each estate had 1 vote

The members of bourgeoisie in the 3The members of bourgeoisie in the 3rdrd estate argued they should have more estate argued they should have more than 1 vote- in fact they should have than 1 vote- in fact they should have 3 votes: 1 for each group within the 3 votes: 1 for each group within the 33rdrd estate estate

This would give the 3This would give the 3rdrd estate an estate an advantage- for onceadvantage- for once

Old Way vs. New IdeaOld Way vs. New Idea

11stst estate (clergy)- estate (clergy)- 1 vote1 vote

22ndnd estate (nobles)- estate (nobles)- 1 vote1 vote

33rdrd estate estate (everyone else) -1 (everyone else) -1 votevote

11stst estate (clergy) - estate (clergy) -1 vote1 vote

22ndnd estate (nobles)- estate (nobles)- 1 vote1 vote

33rdrd estate- estate-

-bourgeoisie- 1 vote-bourgeoisie- 1 vote

-working class- 1 -working class- 1 votevote

-peasants- 1 vote-peasants- 1 vote

The king sided with the nobles, and The king sided with the nobles, and rejected the new idearejected the new idea

The Third Estate was even more The Third Estate was even more determined to gain powerdetermined to gain power

A sympathetic clergyman, the Abbe A sympathetic clergyman, the Abbe Sieyes (AB-ay syay-YEHS) argued Sieyes (AB-ay syay-YEHS) argued “What is the Third Estate? “What is the Third Estate? Everything…” and in a dramatic Everything…” and in a dramatic speech he suggested the 3speech he suggested the 3rdrd Estate Estate name themselves the National name themselves the National Assembly and pass laws and reforms Assembly and pass laws and reforms in the name of the French peoplein the name of the French people

The National AssemblyThe National Assembly

On June 17, 1789 delegates of the On June 17, 1789 delegates of the Third Estate voted to establish the Third Estate voted to establish the National AssemblyNational Assembly

This proclaimed an end to absolute This proclaimed an end to absolute monarchy and the beginning of monarchy and the beginning of representative governmentrepresentative government

This vote was the first deliberate act This vote was the first deliberate act of revolutionof revolution

Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath 3 days later, the Third Estate met to 3 days later, the Third Estate met to

draft a new constitution but was draft a new constitution but was locked out of their meeting roomlocked out of their meeting room

So, they broke down the door to an So, they broke down the door to an indoor tennis court, pledging to stay indoor tennis court, pledging to stay until the new constitution was drafteduntil the new constitution was drafted

This pledge is known as the Tennis This pledge is known as the Tennis Court OathCourt Oath

Louis Tries To Win FavorLouis Tries To Win Favor

Louis tries to make peace with the 3Louis tries to make peace with the 3rdrd Estate by giving in to their demandsEstate by giving in to their demands

He urged the 1He urged the 1stst and 2 and 2ndnd Estates to Estates to join the National Assemblyjoin the National Assembly

Louis also knows that nobody in Louis also knows that nobody in France trusts him, and sensing France trusts him, and sensing trouble, he stationed his mercenary trouble, he stationed his mercenary army (paid soldiers) of Swiss guards army (paid soldiers) of Swiss guards in Parisin Paris

Fall of the BastilleFall of the Bastille Rumors fly of the king bringing in foreign Rumors fly of the king bringing in foreign

soldiers to massacre French citizenssoldiers to massacre French citizens People start to gather weapons to defend People start to gather weapons to defend

Paris against a foreign armyParis against a foreign army On July 14, 1789 a mob tried to get On July 14, 1789 a mob tried to get

gunpowder from the Bastille, a Paris prisongunpowder from the Bastille, a Paris prison The mob overpowered the guards, and the The mob overpowered the guards, and the

Bastille fell into the control of citizensBastille fell into the control of citizens The fall of the Bastille is celebrated as an The fall of the Bastille is celebrated as an

act of revolution and a national holiday in act of revolution and a national holiday in France, similar to our 4France, similar to our 4thth of July of July

Storming the BastilleStorming the Bastille

The mob released all prisoners The mob released all prisoners in the Bastille, however there in the Bastille, however there were only 7 prisoners that were only 7 prisoners that day….day….

Four were forgers, and 3 were Four were forgers, and 3 were lunaticslunatics

The Great FearThe Great Fear

A wave of senseless panic rolled A wave of senseless panic rolled through Francethrough France

When the peasants met no enemy When the peasants met no enemy bandits…they became the aggressorsbandits…they became the aggressors

Waving pitchforks and torches, they Waving pitchforks and torches, they broke into nobles’ manor houses broke into nobles’ manor houses destroying documents, and destroying documents, and sometimes burning the houses down sometimes burning the houses down

In October 1789, 6,000 Parisian In October 1789, 6,000 Parisian women rioted over the rising cost of women rioted over the rising cost of breadbread

Anger quickly turned towards the king Anger quickly turned towards the king and queenand queen

Seizing knives and axes, men and Seizing knives and axes, men and women marched to Versailles, women marched to Versailles, breaking into the palace and killing 2 breaking into the palace and killing 2 guardsguards

The Women’s MarchThe Women’s March

After forcing the king and queen out of After forcing the king and queen out of their palace, the women followed their palace, the women followed Louis’s family and entourage of almost Louis’s family and entourage of almost 60,000 people to Paris- another 12 60,000 people to Paris- another 12 mile marchmile march

The king and queen were never again The king and queen were never again allowed to go back to their palaceallowed to go back to their palace

Their exit signaled the change of Their exit signaled the change of power and radical reforms about to power and radical reforms about to overtake Franceovertake France