Objectives:

Identify principles of classification

Catalyst: Label all the major kingdoms you can think of.

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS

Aristotle “an old white guy”

• Classified everything as plants or animals… why would we need more classes than that?

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Invented the field of

systematics and binomial nomenclature.

TAXONOMYaka “systematics”

the study of the classification of all

living things

WHY CLASSIFY?•Sets up an organized system so scientists can communicate.

•Shows evolutionary linkages between organisms.

The Hierarchical SystemKingdom

PhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus Species

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

the system used to identify all organisms using a two part Latin

name

Keys to Binomial NomenclatureFelis domesticus

• Must be in Latin

• Must be in italics or underlined

• Genus (1st word) must be capitalized

• Species must be lowercase

Examples of Common Scientific Names

• Canis familiaris - dog

• Felis domesticus - cat

• Canis lupus - wolf

• Vulpes vulpes - fox

• Populus deltoides - cottonwood

• We use Latin so that every language can identify the species

• Everyone knows Wu-Tang

• Everyone can identify lynx-rufus b/c it can be identified in any language

There are estimated to be 5-10 million species

in this world.

We have scientifically identified 1.5 million of

them.

Archaebacteria• One Cell

• Prokaryotic

• Sessile

• Decomposer/ Autotroph

Eubacteria• One Cell

• Prokaryotic

• Sessile

• Decomposer/ Autotroph

*WAS DISCOVERED IN 1976

*UNICELLULAR MARINE ORGANISM

*BELIEVED TO BE SIMILAR TO THE BACTERIA WHICH EVOLVES TO FORM CHLOROPLAST

Protista• Single celled /

simple multicellular• Eukaryotic• Sessile / Motile• Heterotrophs and

Autotrophs• Includes organisms

that “don’t fit”

Can be found in pond water

Gets it’s name from Greek word amoibe

Has no permanent shape

Multiplies by dividing into 2

Fungi• One or many• Eukaryotic• Chitin in wall (soft

cell wall)• Heterotrophic /

Takes food• Sessile• Reproduce by

spores

Discovered by Discovered by Alexander FlemingAlexander FlemingIn London,EnglandIn London,England

Discovered in 1929Discovered in 1929

11stst miracle drug miracle drug

Used to treat Used to treat wound infectionswound infections

Plantae• Multi Cell• Eukaryotic• Cells with cellulose

in cell wall• Sessile (some

motile)• Autotrophic• Photosynthetic

Most abundant mapleMost abundant maple tree in tree in NewNew York York

Official state tree of New YorkOfficial state tree of New York

Can be found in the Can be found in the eastern United Stateseastern United States

The Sugar maple tree can growThe Sugar maple tree can grow to be 100 feet tallto be 100 feet tall

and timber spicesand timber spicesProduces maple syrupProduces maple syrup

Animalia• Many Cells• Eukaryotic• Cells without

walls• Motile• Heterotrophic /

Takes food

Is found in Central Asia

Weights 77-121 lbs.

1.8-2.3 meters long

Snow leopards are able to kill Snow leopards are able to kill prey twice their size.prey twice their size.

Snow leopards are nocturnal.Snow leopards are nocturnal.

Cubs are born blind.Cubs are born blind.

5 Kingdoms of life

Moneran Fungi Protist Animal Plant

•one cell•prokaryote •Sessile/motile•decomposers & autotrophs

• one or many•Eukaryote•Sessile•Takes food

• One or many• Eukaryote• Sessile/motile• Takes or makes

• many cells• Eukaryote• most sessile• makes food

• many cells• Eukaryote• motile• takes food

FOUR QUESTIONS:1)One or many cells?2)Prokaryote or

Eukaryote?3)Sessile or Motile?4)Take or Make food?

3 Domain System

• A way to classify items for Molecular Biologists (which I hope one of you becomes some day!)

• Instead of Six Kingdoms… three domains Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya