Objective 14.01

• Explain nutritional requirements for livestock and poultry breeds found in North Carolina

Digestive System of Cattle

Digestive System of Poultry

Swine Digestive Tract

Horse Digestive Tract

Major Classes of Nutrients

• Water: regulates body temperature, dissolves and transports nutrients.

• Protein: builds muscle

Major Classes of Nutrients

• Carbohydrates– Provides energy for animals– Make up about 75% of most animal rations– Corn and other cereal grains are the major

source of carbohydrates

Major Classes of Nutrients

• Minerals– Calcium is on the major minerals and is found

in ground limestone– Calcium is needed in poultry feed for eggshell

development– Minerals are supplied by mineral supplements

and are a primary aid in the development of bones and teeth

Major Classes of Nutrients

• Vitamins: are needed by animals in minute quantities to help all body functions– Help prevent diseases

• Fats: only small amounts of fat are required

Classes of feeds

• Concentrates are low in fiber and high in total digestible nutrients (TDN)– Cereal grains are the major source of most

concentrates– Other sources include byproducts of grain and

animals

Classes of feeds

• Roughages are high in fiber and low in TDN– Dry roughage is hay– Green roughage includes the pasture grasses

Classes of Feed

• Silage is a roughage that results from storage and fermentation of green crops

Deficiency

• Rickets: deformity of bones in young animals caused by a deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D