Kunci Identifikasi NyamukSitti Rahmah Umniyati

ARTHROPODAHEWAN MULTISELULARAVERTEBRATADENGAN EKSOSKELETON diperkuat chitinSIRKULASI DARAH TERBUKASISTEM SARAF VENTRALSISTEM DIGESTI SENTRALSISTEM SIKULASI DORSALDENGAN ATAU TANPA METAMORFOSISBERNAFAS DENGAN TRAKHEA, INSANG, PARU BUKU, ATAU KUTIKULADENGAN ATAU TANPA MATATERESTRIAL DAN ATAU AKUATIK

Klas INSECTAARTHROPODA DENGAN 3 PASANG KAKI + 1 PASANG ANTENA> 700.000 SPESIESTERESTRIAL / AKUATIKBERNAFAS DENGAN TRAKHEATANPA METAMORFOSIS (AMETABOLA)DENGAN METAMORFOSIS (METABOLA)

ORDO YANG PENTING DI KEDOKTERAN:DIPTERA HYMENOPTERASIPHONAPTERA ANOPLURAHEMIPTERA LEPIDOPTERACOLEOPTERA ORTHOPTERA

INSECTA:METAMORFOSIS

ARTI: ALIHBENTUK SETELAH EKDISIS TERJADI PADA PRADEWASATANPA METAMORFOSIS (AMETABOLA)DENGAN METAMORFOSIS (METABOLA): TAKLENGKAP: PAUROMETABOLA: Telur ->nimfa -> imago HEMITEBOLA: Telur -> naiad -> imago LENGKAP (HOLOMETABOLA): Telur -> larva -> pupa -> imago LENGKAP BERLEBIHAN (HIPERMETABOLA): Telur -> larva I -> larva II -> larva III -> pupa -> imago

METAMORFOSISProses fisiologis, pergantian eksokutikula lama dengan yang baru disertai alih bentukTerjadi pada masa pradewasaTerpacu oleh kerja hormonal: h. ekdison yang dihasilkan oleh kel. torasis memacu ekdisis, serta h. juvenil yang dihasilkan kel. korpora alata ---menghambat ekdisis memperlama masa pradewasaMetamorfosis juga dipengaruhi jenis, kualitas dan kuantitas makanan stadium pradewasa (larva)

NYAMUK (Diptera: Culicidae)Badan terdiri dari tiga bagian: caput, thorax dan abdomen.Caput dengan sepasang antena, mata majemuksepasang dengan mata tunggal (ocellus).Pada thorax terdapat 3 pasang kaki, dan epasang sayap melekat pada mesonotum thorax

NYAMUKStruktur bagian-bagian tubuh (1)

NAYMUK:Struktur bagian-bagian tubuh (2)

NYAMUK (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)TERDIRI DARI 38 GENERA DAN 3450 SPESIES DAN SUBSPESIES

Termasuk Destructive Mosquitoes:1. SUBFAM. ANOPHELINAE: 3 GENERA (ANOPHELES), 430 SPESIES2. SUBFAM CULICINAE: 34 GENERA (AEDES. CULEX, MANSONIA, HAEMAGOGUS, SABETHES, PSOROPHORA), 2930 SPESIES

Termasuk Beneficial Mosquitoes:SUBFAM. TOXORHYNCHITINAE: 1 GENERA (TOXORHYNCHITES), 76 SPESIES

Anopheles Eggs

Boat shaped with lateral floats eggs are laid singly and float on the water

Aedes eggselliptical polygonally sculptured without lateral floatsLaid singly just above the water line on damp substrates, or on the inside walls of tree-holes and water-storage containers

Culex eggsLaid in rafts tapering with cup-shaped coronadirectly on the water surface

Telur Mansoniaare drawn out into a terminal filament. laid in a sticky mass that is glued to the underside of floating plants.

LarvaConsists of head (caput) , thorax, and abdomenThe head is quadrato-ovoidal in shape, and is somewhat dorso-ventrally flattened, it has a pair of short, shaft-like antennaeThe thorax is quadrate, compressed dorso-ventral, and broader than longThe abdomen is more or less cylindrical but taper somewhat caudally. The last 2 segment are bent ventrally and bear 4 anal (or tracheal) gills. In the culicine mosquitoes there is a siphon tube arising from the eight segment. In anopheline however this siphon is not present.

Anopheles Larva

No siphon, spiracles almost flush with surface of eight segmentNo combhas palmate hair tufts on the dorsum of abdominal segmentThe resting anopheline larvae are suspended horizontally at the surface of the water Obtain their food below the surface

Aedes Larva

Short, tubular siphon on eight abdominal segmennt with spiracles at tip. It has a series of teeth, collectively called the pecten and hair tufts (only one)It has a patch of spines as the comb on the eight abdominal segment

Sewaktu istirahat sifon membentuk sudut di permukaan air jernihSifon dengan satu berkas rambut di seberang distal pekten

Aedes aegypti Larva each scale of the comb has lateral spines

SiphonAnal gillscombs

Exuviae of Ae. aegypti Larva Siphon anal gillsCombr

Larva Aedes albopictuseach scale of the comb has no lateral spines

SiphonAnal gillscomb

Culex Larva

Long, tubular siphon on the eight abdominal segmennt with spiracles at tip. It has a series of teeth, collectively called the pecten and hair tufts (more than one) When breathing, usually lie vertically to water surface

Aedes, Anopheles and Culex Larvae

Larva Mansonia

They have a special cutting apparatus on the siphon which enables them to piece the tissues of submerges plants (Pistia, Eichornia, Salvinia) , from which they obtain their oxygen

Pupa Consists of cephalothorax and abdomenIt has a pair of breathing trumpet on the cephalothorax It has a pair of paddle at tip of abdomen

Pupa Anopheles

Breathing trumpets are short and broad at marginPaddleCephalothoraxSiphon

Aedes Pupa

Breathing trumpets are short and truncatedThera are tiny spines on the border of the paddle (Aedes aegypti) There are several long hairs on he border of the paddle (Aedes albopictus)Breathing trumpetPaddleAbdomenCephalothorax

Selongsong pupa Ae. aegyptiCephalothoraxPaddleAbdomenSiphon

Culex Pupa

Breathing trumpets are long

PaddleCephalothoraxSiphonAbdomen

Mansonia Pupa

They have a special cutting apparatus on the breathing trumpets which enable them to piece the tissues of submerges plants (Pistia, Eichornia, Salvinia) , from which they obtain their oxygen

Consists of head (caput) , thorax, and abdomen

CaputElongated mouth part of adapted for piercing and sucking blood on femaleThe 15-jointed antenae plumose in the males and pilose in the femalesHead is almost covered by a pairs of compound eyes that nearly meet

ThoraxCovered by a dorsal scutumBears 3 pairs of long slender legsBears a pair of wingsThe wings have venation characteristic wing and scalesThe coloration and pattern of the thoracic scales and bristles are useful in differantiating genera and species

Pointed AbdomenANOPHELINECULICINEFEMALE

Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

Mesonotum has an ornament (lyre shaped)

Ae. albopictus

Mesonotum has a longitudinal ornamentJantan

betina

Nyamuk Culex

Skutelum trilobi; palpus pada yang betina lebih pendek daripada probosis, sewaktu istirahat probosis dan badan dalam dua sumbuujung nyamuk betina biasanya tumpul, cerci pendek (retraksi), tubuh (thorax) tanpa noda-noda putihSisik sayap sempit panjang dengan ujung runcing

Nyamuk MansoniaSkutelum trilobi; palpus pada yang betina lebih pendek daripada probosis, sewaktu istirahat probosis dan badan dalam dua sumbuSayap berbercak-bercak, sisik-sisik sayap lebar asimetris, dan sebagian sempit, berwarna gelap dan terang bergantian, Abdomen ujung tumpul terpancungKaki belang-belang putih

Mansonia uniformisAbdomen: ujung tumpul terpancungWarna:Coklat kekuningan dan belang-belang putih pada kakiMesonotum: dua garis tebal putih memanjang pada kedua sisi

Mansonia divesAbdomen: ujung tumpul terpancungWarna: Coklat kehitaman dan belang-belang putih pada kakiMesonotum: gambaran dua bundaran kecil berwarna putih pada kedua sisi

Enceng gondok( Eichornia crassipes)Daun: ujung membulat, pangkal menggelembungAkar: tipe serabut, panjang, dan bercabang banyak

Teratai (Pistia stratioles)Daun: bundar bertumpuk seperti susunan bunga mawarAkar pendek bercabang

Salvinia natansDaun: lonjong seperti sirip, genapAkar: pendek bercabang

Ipomea aquiticaDaun: segitiga dengan tangkai batang panjangAkar: sedikit