Nutrition and Health

6 Essential Nutrients

1. Proteins

2. Fats (Saturated & Unsaturated)

3. Carbs (Simple & Complex)

4. Vitamins

5. Minerals

6. Water

Vitamins

• Vitamin A: Vision, Beta-Carotine

• Vitamin C: Immunity

• Vitamin E: Digestion & Joints, Muscles

Minerals

• Calcium: Gives you strong bones: Not absorbed without Vitamin D3 which is produced by your body.

• Milk is a source of calcium but in an inorganic form due to pasteurization.

Water

• 70% of our bodies are water.

• Hydration is important in life.

2 non-essential nutrients

• Fiber

• Cholesterol

Fiber

• Fiber: Psyllium is a good source of fiber.

• Psyllium is a plant.

• High grain cereals are also a good source of fiber because of the bran.

Obesity

• 30% of Americans are obese and almost 60% are overweight.

• Portion control is a key for weight control.

• People should consume 2-4 fruits and 3-5 vegetables per day.

Duke University

• Duke University has the best weight management control unit in the country and one of the best in the world.

Fruits & Vegetables

• Best Fruits:– Apples (especially the skin)– Oranges (for Vitamin C)

Best Vegetables:

BroccoliSpinachLima Beans

Weight Loss

• There are 3,500 calories in a pound

• Burn more calories than you consume

• Lose 2/3 of your body weight per 10 minute mile jogged.

Drugs & Alcohol

• Tolerance: the need to do more and create the same effect

• Withdrawal: the physiological and psychological effects from stopping a drug

• Addiction: the psychological connection to a drug

• Dependence: the physiological connection to a drug

• Hardest to kick: heroin, meth, nicotine

Dram Shop Law

• Dram Shop: A bar or restaurant is legally responsible for a person who comes in already drunk and causes damage when they leave.

• Dram Shop Extension: An individual who throws a party with alcohol is responsible for the damage done if someone leaves the party and drives home.

• One Year Law: If you are at a party with drugs or alcohol as a minor, your license can be suspended for one year, just for being there.

Drinking & Driving

• .08 – Legally drunk in every state in the U.S. (DUI)

• .05-Legally impaired in every state in the U.S. (DWI)

• .01-Legal Minor: Legally drunk if under the age of 21

Texting and Driving

• Texting and driving is like being a .08 on the road.

• Your brain processes 2 types of tasks: Associative and Cognitive

o Associative: Able to do 2 or more actions at one time

o Cognitive: Can only complete one action at a time (Texting & Driving is not an associative task)

Drugs

• Stimulants

• Depressants

• Hallucinogens

Directly affect the Central Nervous System

Stimulants

• Any drug that increases respiration and heart rate.

• Caffeine• Ritalin• Cocaine• Methamphetamine• Steroids• 5 Hour Energy & Red Bull

Caffeine

• Caffeine is the most used drug in America and is primarily found in coffee and soda.

• An apple has fructose and complex carbs. • Some suggest that these can wake a person up

better than coffee in the morning.

Ritalin

• Ritalin is primarily used for ADHD and is effective because it has a reverse effect.

• Other ADHD drugs are currently on the market and have the same effect: Adderol, Stratera, Vivance

Cocaine

• Cocaine is the most lethal drug there is because it can kill the first time it is used.

• It is similar to SSRI (selective serotonin uptake inhibitor) medications in extreme dosage.

• SSRIs = Prozac, Zoloft

Methamphetamine

• Methamphetamine has a strong stimulant effect and can create hallucinogenic effects but is not considered an hallucinogen.

Steroids

• Steroids give people increased strength.

• Steroids decrease the need for recovery time.

• Steroids cause increased aggression and anger.

Red Bull & 5 Hour Energy

• Withdrawal from these can cause heart palpitations and “the shakes.”

• Addiction & dependence can occur from these substances.

• Red Bull & vodka is sometimes combined.

PCP (Phencyclidine)

• Was initially developed as an elephant and horse tranquilizer

• Creates extreme human strength and complete resistance to pain

Depressants

• Alcohol• Tobacco (Nicotine within is a stimulant)• Codeine• Barbiturates

Alcohol

• Responsible for 50% of all car accidents• #1 cause of all accidents, #2 among teens (for

teens: Speeding is #1, Texting is #3)• Responsible for more than 50% of all domestic

abuse situations

Codeine & Barbiturates

• Found in most cough syrups and pain killers.

• Vicodin is a barbiturate with strong addictive and dependent tendencies.

• Robitussin used to be a substance that students would drink in large quantities to get a quick high.

Marijuana

• Exaggerates the senses

• Natural pain killer for cancer, migraines, and other pain-related issues (can be controversial)

Negative Effects of Marijuana

1. Decreases sperm count

2. Negatively impacts short-term memory

3. Decreases motivation

4. Arrests emotional development

Alcoholism

• Definition - The most widely accepted definition of alcoholism is when drinking negatively impacts three main areas of a person’s life:

• Work or school• Friends and family relationships• Emotional well-being• Physical health

The Alcoholic Family

• Enabling (Codependency): When the individual who is usually the spouse of an alcoholic puts their own emotions aside and allows themselves to be taken advantage of to the extreme.

• These individuals will lie and make excuses for the addict/alcoholic.

Homeostasis

• Biologically a positive concept• Emotionally a negative concept• Maintaining homeostasis means keeping the

negative patterns the same• Breaking homeostasis means creating a

change• Alcoholic/drug addicted families maintain

homeostasis by nature.

4 Roles• Hero: Usually the oldest child, has to be the best at everything they

do.

• Mascot: Usually the youngest child and is the favorite of the alcoholic. Makes jokes and relieves the tension in the family. Is charming.

• Lost Child: Usually the middle child of the family. Stays away from the situation.

• Scapegoat: Can be any age. Gets blamed for acting out and misbehaving. Is most likely to become an alcoholic when they get older.

Treatment

• Most common treatment for any drug or alcohol problem is the 12 step approach:

• AA-Alcoholics Anonymous• Alanon-For spouses and family members of

the alcoholic/addict• Alateen-For teenagers of the alcoholic• Alatot-For children of the alcoholic

Nicotine & Tobacco

• Nicotine is a highly addictive & dependent substance

• Nicotine is a stimulant within tobacco which is a depressant

• There are over 4,000 chemicals in tobacco• Long term effect of tobacco is emphysema

Test 2 Review

• 14 Questions: Nutrition & Health

• 21 Questions: Drugs & Alcohol

• 5 Questions: Smoking Video & Notes

• 10 Questions: True-False from Entire Unit

Essay

• Alcoholism & The Family

• Include: Alcoholism Definition

• Homeostasis

• Enabling

• Roles of Children in Alcoholic Family