Nursing philosophies

Presented by

Sandeep kaur

M.Sc (N) 1st year

Philosophy

Introduction :-

Philosophy is derived from Greak

word ‘philos’ means love, and

‘sophia’ means wisdom. It is the

loving and searching for wisdom

and truth

Conti….

• Philosophy is the science of

knowledge. --- Fitche

• Philosophy is the science of all sciences. ---- Coleridge

Definition of philosophy

• Philosophy is an unceasing effort to

discern the general truth that lies

behind the particular facts ( that is the

reality that lies behind the

appearances).

Purposes of Philosophy

• Guiding the education system.

Factors influencing the

philosophy of education

• Beliefs and values regarding God, man, life, health, diseases, nursing.

• The philosophical values and beliefs of the institution.

• Environment where education takes place.

• Student life activities.

• The culture and background of the people.

Factors influencing the

philosophy of education conti,,

• The goals and objectives of the

health care system.

• The diseases pattern and health

awareness and facilities .

• The available resources in term of

man, money, and material.

Types

1. Traditional philosophies

A. Naturalism :-

• Concerned with natural self.

• Believe in reality near to nature beyond

nature there is no reality .

• By naturalist nature is everything, they

separate the nature from God.

Naturalism :- conti….

Definition :-

Naturalism is a system of which the

salient characteristics is the exclusion

of whatever is spiritual or

supernatural.

Forms of Naturalism

• Physical Naturalism

• Biological Naturalism

• Mechanical Naturalism

Principles of Naturalism

1) Child centered education

2) Education as the natural development of

the child’s power and capacities.

3) Negative education in early childhood.

4) Education should be based on child’s

psychology .

5) The role of teacher should be as a guide.

Education implications of

Naturalism

By using several methods, the teacher

creates a congenital situation from the

nature ,to provide sense of freedom for

the individual development.

Naturalism and aims of

education

1. Self expression.

2. Self-preservation.

3. Redirection of human instincts.

4. Struggle for existence.

5. Education according to the nature.

Naturalism and curriculum

There is no rigid curriculum.

Naturalism and methods of

education

1. Learning by doing.

2. Play-way method.

3. Observation.

4. Experimentation.

5. Self education and self efforts.

Naturalism and Discipline

Naturalism is favor to total

freedom.

Naturalism and teacher

• Teacher place is behind the stage.

• He / she arrange the environment

with necessary opportunity and

material.

• Guiding the child when required .

Idealism

Introduction:-

• It is the oldest philosophy.

• It derived from Greek word “Idem” ,

means “to see” .

• Plato is the father of Idealism

• Idealists gives more importance to mind

and self rather than matter and body.

Principles of Idealism

1. Presence of universal mind.

2. Regard man as spiritual beings.

3. The world of ideas and values.

4. The real knowledge is perceived in

mind.

Educational implications of

Idealism

• Idealism considered student as an individual with inner potentialities and education should help the student to realize that potentialities.

Idealism and curriculum

• It consist those knowledge and

experiences that attain the

development.

Idealism and aims of education

• Self– realization.

• Evaluation of personality through self

realization.

• Universal education.

• Development of inventive and

creative power.

Idealism and aims of education

• Conservation promotion and

transmission of cultural heritage.

• Bringing out the cultural environment.

• Development of moral senses.

• Cultivation of spiritual values.

Idealism and curriculum

The subjects which assist the child to

develop morally, aesthetically,

intellectually and physically, are

included.

Idealism and methods of teaching

• Kindergarten

• Questioning

• Discussion

• Lecture

Idealism and discipline

• Strict discipline

• Against free discipline

Idealism and teacher

• It serve a high place for teacher.

• Recognize teacher as a philosopher,

friend and guide.

• He serve as a role model to the

children.

Pragmatism

Introduction :-

• It adopt a midway between idealism

and naturalism.

• Pragmatism is derived from Greek

word “Pragma” means action.

• It is also known as instrumentalism.

Pragmatism

Definition:-

Pragmatism is essentially a humanistic philosophy maintaining that men creates his own values in course of activity. That reality is still in making and awaits its parts of completion from the future .

(Ross)

Forms of Pragmatism

• Humanistic pragmatism.

• Experimentally pragmatism.

• Biological pragmatism.

Principles of Pragmatism

• Biological and social organism.

• Knowledge should be experimentally

verified and it should be useful to the

learner.

• Pragmatism faith in man’s capacity to

shape his destiny.

• No absolute value.

Principles of Pragmatism

conti..

• Practical situations are true.

• It concerned with the present and

immediate future.

• Pragmatism accept only knowledge

which is experienced by sensory

level.

• Only realized ideas in life are real.

Educational implications of

Pragmatism

• It revolutionized the education system.

• Pragmatism trends in education is known as progressivism .

• Pragmatism considered the learner as growing biological and social being , ready to adjust the environment needs.

Pragmatism and aims of

education

• Harmonious development .

• Continuous experiences.

• Social efficiency.

Pragmatism and curriculum

• Principle of utility.

• Principle of experiences.

• Principle of integration.

Pragmatism and methods of teaching

Pragmatism and discipline

• It does not believe in strict discipline.

Pragmatism and teacher role

• It considered teacher as a friend ,

philosopher, and guide.

• Two important qualities

a) Interest

b) Awareness about social conditions.

Realism

Introduction :-

• The first ideology was Aristotle.

• Later modified by Gemore, Russal, and

John wield.

• According to this philosophy thing we

see and perceive are real and

knowledge acquired through senses is

true.

Realism

• Definition :-

“ Realism is the reinforcement of our

common acceptance of this world as

it appears to us”.

Forms of Realism

• Humanistic realism.

• Social realism.

• Sense realism.

• Neorealism .

Principles of Realism

• Every life reality are true.

• Does not believe in existence of any

truth.

• It accept only sensory experiences of

the external world as real.

• It looks at a man like a physical being

controlled by rules.

• Real knowledge is experienced by

sensation.

Education implication of Realism

• The aim of education implication is to

prepare the child to face realities of life

and to solve the problems.

• The school knowledge and experiences

should be appropriate to achieve this

aim.

Realism and curriculum

• Subjects and activities which prepare

the child for real life .

Realism and methods of

teaching

• Observation

• Experimentation

• Activities and demonstration

Realism and teacher

• Honorable position for the teacher.

• He is well known to the content and

needs of the children.

• He transfer the knowledge by using

scientific methods.

2. Modern philosophies

Supernaturalism

Introduction :-

• Also known as theistic realism.

• Organized as christen philosophy.

• According to it there is personal a

God .

• God is a author creature of nature

and man.

Supernaturalism and implication

of education

• Education is regarded as active social

process.

• It take place in the family school and

church.

Supernaturalism and aims of

education

• Social development

• Economic competency

• Moral development

• Spiritual perfection

• Physical development

Supernaturalism and curriculum

• Social science

• Behavioral science

• Biological science

Supernaturalism and discipline

• It is against for rigid discipline .

Supernaturalism and teacher

• Teacher play role as a guider.

Humanistic Existentialism

• It is youngest philosophy .

• Modern philosophy which is primarily

build upon the work of the scholars of

the 20th century.

Main assumptions

1) Man’s existence

2) Self knowledge

3) Freedom and responsibilities

4) Man is not complete

Eclectism

• Educationist through motivation,

create a new educational philosophy

by pooling all good and relevant

features from different educational

philosophies , this philosophy is

known as “Eclectism”.

Salient features of Eclectism

• Aim of education is to prepare the

good citizenship.

• Flexible curriculum.

• Emphasis various co-ordination of

various subjects.

• Importance to curricular activities.

• Ensuring availability of subject

experts and better teacher.

Salient features of Eclectism

conti..

• Suggest scientific teaching methods

based on the learning by doing principle,

learning by play, learning by observation.

• Highest responsibilities of the

government to provide education.

• Emphasis on the adult and social

learning.

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• SHANKARANARAYAN.B, SINDHU B. LEARNING AND TEACHING NURSING ; EDITION 3RD ; BRAINFILL PUBLISHERS ;2009: 23-43.

• HTTP// WWW.NURSING PHILOSOPHIES.COM

• HTTP// WWW.NURSING PHILOSOPHIES IN NURSING EDUCATION.COM

• HTTP// WWW. WIKIPEDIA . NURSING PHILOSOPHIES IN NURSING EDUCATION. THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA.COM