nuclear power plant ppt

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A presentation on STUDY OF NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION 2016-2017 PRESENTED TO: PRESENTED BY: MR. AJIT KUMAR JOSHI SHUBHAM VIJAYVARGIYA

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Page 1: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

A presentation on STUDY OF NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION

2016-2017

PRESENTED TO: PRESENTED BY:MR. AJIT KUMAR JOSHI SHUBHAM VIJAYVARGIYAHOD (MECHANICAL DEPT.) FINAL YEAR (14EMBME203)

Page 2: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION,RAWATBHATA

UNIT 1 TO 6

By:-SHUBHAM VIJAYVARGIYAVII SEMESTER MECHANICAL

Page 3: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

FLOW CHART OF ATOMIC ENERGY COMISSION IN INDIA

SAFETY FEATURESSITE CAPACITYURANIUMFISSION REACTION OF URANIUM-235WORKING AT RAPP SITEWASTE MANAGEMENT OF NUCLEAR WASTEIRRADIATION

CONTENT

Page 4: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

FLOWCHART OF ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISION IN INDIA

DAE

BARC BRIT

UCILNFC HWB

NPCIL THESE UNITS ARE FURTHER GOVERNED BY ORGANISATION OF “ATOMIC ENERGY REGULATORY BOARD” (AERB)

RAPS

Page 5: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS• Awareness of the risk at the

site• Move towards the nearest

safety location at the time of hazard

• Use safety helmets• Cover the nose with wet

cloth.

REACTOR SAFETY• Emergency reactor shut

down• High pressure safety

injection• Double layer concrete

reactor building that does not allow the radiation to exit the reactor building at the time of hazard

SAFETY FEATURES

Page 6: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

Reactor Unit Capacity (Mw) Year

RAPS Unit I 100 1972

RAPS Unit II 200 1980

RAPS Unit III 235 1999

RAPS Unit IV 235 2000

RAPS Unit V 235 2010

RAPS Unit VI 235 2010

RAPP Unit VII 700 Under Construction

RAPP Unit VIII 700 Under Construction

POWER GENERATION AT RAPP

UNIT 5 of RAPS has made a world record of longest non-stop operating Nuclear Reactor without any shutdown with 765 day

Page 7: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

Nuclear Fission:Heavy nuclei split into two smaller parts in order to

become more stable

FISSION REACTION

Page 8: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

• URANIUM is a slightly radioactive metal that occurs throughout the earths crust.

• It is present in most rocks and soils as well as in many rivers and in sea water.

• Although uranium is about 100 times more common than silver, U-235 is relatively rare.

URANIUM

Page 9: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

•Uranium mining and milling•Conversion and enrichment•Fuel rod fabrication•Power reactor•Reprocessing•Radioactive waste disposal

•Low level in commercial facilities•High level at plant or under ground repository

NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

Page 10: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

The fuel used in a PHWR type reactor is sintered natural uranium di-oxide in the form of small pellets. These pellets are kept in the zircalloy tubes and are 24 per tube. The tubes are known as pencils and 19 pencils make a complete fuel bundle. The pencils are held between end plates and zircalloy provide spacing between the tubes and zircalloy pads provide bearing action. This help mixing of the coolant flow with the sub channels between the elements.

FUEL FABRICATION

Page 11: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

FUEL BUNDLE

Page 12: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

COMPONENTS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

1. Calandria 2. Control Rods 3. Fuelling Machine 8. Reactor

Building4. Heat Exchanger 9.Coolant Channel5. PHT Pump 10. Fuel Bundles6. Moderator Pump 11. Coolant

Tower7. Boiler (Steam Generator) 12. Turbine

Page 13: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

What is a Nuclear Reactor ?

It is simply an apparatus in which heat isproduced due to nuclear fission chain reactionfor the generation of electricity.

Page 14: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTOR

• The Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) concept allows the use of natural uranium as a fuel without the need of enrichment.

• However ,it need the installation of a heavy water D2O production capabilities.

• Most of the worlds Nuclear Reactors are Heavy Water based.

Page 15: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

1. REACTOR CORE ( Calandria)It consist of fuel elements, control rods, coolant,

moderator and pressure vessels. Cores generally have shapes of right circular cylinders with diameter ranging from .5 to 15 meters. Fuel rods made of uranium rods clod in thin sheath of stainless steel, zirconium or aluminum.

MAIN COMPONENTS

Page 16: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

2. CONTROL RODSIt is made of heavy mass element such as Boron and cadmium ,

cobalt. It simply absorbs the neutron so that it can either maintain or stop a reaction.

In RAPS, cobalt is used as control rods. The used cobalt is then processed and enriched .The enriched cobalt is then used for different purposes such as cobalt therapy etc.

Its usage-1. For starting the reactor2. For maintaining at that level3. For shutting down the reactor at normal or emergency

conditions

Page 17: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

3. MODERATORFunction:To slow down the neutron from high velocity and hence

high energy level which they have on beginning released from fission process so that probability of neutron to hit the fuel rods increases.

Type of Moderators :1. Water H2O.2. Heavy Water D2O.3. Graphite 4. Beryllium

Main properties:1. High slowing down

power2. Chemical and

Radiation stability3. High thermal stability

Page 18: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

4. COOLANT

Function:Coolant is used to remove the intense heat from the produced in

the reactor and that heat can be transferred to water in separate vessel which is converted into steam and runs the turbine.

Most commonly used coolant is CO2. Characteristics:

1. Low melting point2. High boiling point3. Low viscosity4. Low toxicity5. Non corrosiveness

Page 19: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

Power Generation Process

Page 20: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENTSPENT FUEL STORAGE POOL

Page 21: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

COBALT FACILITYIt is a unit of Board of Radiation

and Isotope Technology (BRIT). Which uses the spent fuel and control rods to generate cobalt-60 to for various function such as cancer treatment and irradiation of food supplements.

In other words it helps in nuclear waste management. It deals with the low level radioactive waste .

Page 22: Nuclear Power Plant PPT

THANK YOU