Notecard Topics for Year 10

Ancient/ Roman Middle Ages Renaissance Industrial Rev. Modern Surgery Factors/misc

Hippocrates

Greek Doctor

(pre Roman)

Developed Theoryof Four Humours

Wanted non-supernaturalexplanation formedicine

Clinical Observation –watch the patient before treatment

Relates to:

GalenRoman Medicine

Influenced Roman medicine

Hippocratic Oath – doctors trainedagreed to protect patients

Used bloodletting

Galen

200 A.D. - Roman doctor to Gladiators Never did dissections but saw plenty of wounds, limbs, injuries

Over 600 writings –influence lasted until 18th century (1700’s)

Advocated bloodletting to balance Four Humours

Embraced by the Church because he saw the body as a machine put together by perfectly by God.

Relates to:HippocratesChurch in MARoman MedicineFour Humours

Many wrong ideas – blood made in liver / liver has lobes / septum has two parts / Humours

Theory of Opposites- eat and drink things that represent opposite of Humour (cucumber – chillies)

Church controlled medical training and universities until 1500’s – Galen taught extensively

Roman Public Health

Understood connection between Hygiene and Health

Clean Water from aqueducts – for general population

Hospitals for soldiers – healthy army = strong empire

Public Baths – kept people clean

Relates to – GalenPublic Health MA

Did not understand cause of disease – believed in Miasma, Astrology, Charms, Spells, Humours

Public Toilets and Sewers kept large cities cleaner by disposing of waste

Roman roads – helped communications knowledge of medicine spread.

Public Health inthe Middle Ages

No public sewers – human and animal excrement ran everywhere / water supply

Laws were passed during epidemics to improve Hygiene but had little effect.

Some clean water from lead pipes, but often hard to find – many people drank ale instead

Rich people had tubs, privies, and primitive sewers

Relates to – Roman Public HealthMA Doctors

Government understood that filth = more diseases but made little effort to fix problems.

Public toilets existed in London, but few other places.

Large cities (London, Bristol, Southhampton) had clean water for the wealthy and a few baths. Church condemned.

Medicine andTreatment in Middle Ages

Britain

No big change in treatment from Roman times

Still using 4 Humours and Theory of Opposites

Treatment included supernatural aspects – prayer, pilgrimage, astrology

Books of herbal remedies included the Leechbook of Bald

Relates to –Doctors in the MARenaissance MedicineGalen

Bloodletting – bleeding bowl and leeches

Used Herbal cures that worked like honey – even though they did not know WHY they worked.

Purging used to balance Humours

Medical Trainingfrom Roman Britain

to c.1350

Ancient doctors trained by Hippocratic books

No organisation established to train doctors or follow up on complaints

When Romans left in the 400’s, most doctors followed medical understanding.

Universities and medical schools became independent of church in 16th century (1500’s)

Relates to – MA Public HealthDoctors and Nurses in

20th century

Monasteries and Convents had most books – became centres of learning.

Anyone could set up a business being a doctor

Most doctors learned medicine through books and observing other doctors (apprentice)

Hospitals in theMiddle Ages

Hospitals were rare in MA. Often small.

Aim was to care for the sick, not to cure them.

Almshouses set up in 14th century (1300’s) for deserving poor.

Sickness often seen as punishment for sins.

Relates to – Public Health in MAMA Doctors

Fresh fruit and veg grown by hospitals.

Often run by monks and nuns – Christian charity. Positive effect of religion in MA

Religious symbols everywhere (Jesus, cross, Heaven) to remind patients of afterlife.

Middle Ages Doctors

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The Church in theMiddle Ages

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The Black Deathand Treatments

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William Harvey

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Andreas Vesalius

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Renaissance discoveries and

technology

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Lifespan and Diseases

- Industrial Revolution

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Edward Jenner

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Louis Pasteur

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Robert Koch

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Salversan 606(magic bullets)

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Modern MedicalTechnology

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DNA (discoveryand treatment)

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NHS

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Joseph Lister

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James Simpson

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Blood groupsand transfusion

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Anaesthetics

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Aseptic developments in

surgery

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Vaccination(diseases and dates)

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Woman's Rolein Medicine

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War (Crimean, Boer, WWI,

WWII)

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Scientific Teams

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Technology

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