notable historic floods in the usa walter hays, global alliance for disaster reduction, university...
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NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS IN THE USA
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
FLOODSFLOODS
HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISK
EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISKRISKRISK
FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• Too much water inserted quickly in the regional drainage system to be accommodated normally within the water cycle
• Erosion
• Scour
• Mudflows
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODSFLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
DAMAGE DAMAGE INJURIESINJURIESDAMAGE DAMAGE INJURIESINJURIES
UNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISK
COLLAPSE COLLAPSE DEATHSDEATHS
COLLAPSE COLLAPSE DEATHSDEATHS
LOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTIONLOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTION ECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSS
RISKRISKRISKRISK
USA’SUSA’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
USA’SUSA’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: FLOOD DISASTER GOAL: FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PROTECTION•PEPAREDNESS•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY
FIVE PILLARS OF FIVE PILLARS OF RESILIENCERESILIENCE
SOME OF THE USA’S NOTABLE FLOODS
LOW MORTALITY, BUT VERY HIGH ECONOMIC LOSSES
THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER: THE USA’S # 1 FLOOD LABORATORY :
THE RED RIVER OF THE NORTH: A MAJOR FLOOD LABORATORY: :
USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1889 JOHNSTON, PENNSYLVANIA FLOOD
• 1889 JOHNSTON, PENNSYLVANIA FLOOD
• DEATHS:
2,200• DEATHS:
2,200
USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1927 GREAT MISSISSIPPIERIVER FLOOD
• 1927 GREAT MISSISSIPPIERIVER FLOOD
• DEATHS: 246
• DEATHS: 246
USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1928 ST FRANCIS DAM FAILURE IN CALIFORNIA
• 1928 ST FRANCIS DAM FAILURE IN CALIFORNIA
• DEATHS: 400
• DEATHS: 400
USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1937 OHIO RIVER FLOOD (PENN., OHIO, KY, WV, INDIANA, ILLINOIS)
• 1937 OHIO RIVER FLOOD (PENN., OHIO, KY, WV, INDIANA, ILLINOIS)
• DEATHS: 385
• DEATHS: 385
USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1993 GREAT MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN FLOOD
• 1993 GREAT MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN FLOOD
• DEATHS: 50
• DEATHS: 50
USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2005 LEVEE FAILURES IN NEW ORLEANS AFTER HURRICANE KATRINA
• 2005 LEVEE FAILURES IN NEW ORLEANS AFTER HURRICANE KATRINA
• DEATHS: 70
• DEATHS: 70
8
USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2009 RED RIVER FLOOD
• 2009 RED RIVER FLOOD
• DEATHS: 4
• DEATHS: 4
8
USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2010 TENNESSEE FLOOD
• 2010 TENNESSEE FLOOD
• DEATHS: 31
• DEATHS: 31
CUMBERLAND RIVER: FLOODING NASHVILLE
USA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODSUSA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2010 ARKANSAS FLOOD
• 2010 ARKANSAS FLOOD
• DEATHS: 20
• DEATHS: 20
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
• REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS
• MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES)
• RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)
• REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS
• MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES)
• RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)
• DATABASES • MAPS: 100-YEAR AND
500-YEAR FLOODS• FLOOD DISASTER
SCENARIOS• DRONE PLANES• HAZMAT
MANAGEMENT
• DATABASES • MAPS: 100-YEAR AND
500-YEAR FLOODS• FLOOD DISASTER
SCENARIOS• DRONE PLANES• HAZMAT
MANAGEMENT
FLOOD RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES
FLOOD RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES
RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
• PURPOSE
• PREVENTION
• PROTECTION
• LAND USE CONTROL
• PURPOSE
• PREVENTION
• PROTECTION
• LAND USE CONTROL
• TECHNIQUE
• WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
• FLOOD CONTROL (LEVEES, LOCKS, AND DAMS)
• ZONING MAPS (BUILD – NO BUILD)
• TECHNIQUE
• WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
• FLOOD CONTROL (LEVEES, LOCKS, AND DAMS)
• ZONING MAPS (BUILD – NO BUILD)
LEVEE SYSTEM: NEW ORLEANS
MORGANZA SPILLWAY WITH 125 FLOODGATES
SAND BAGS: LEVEE AUGMENTATION IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN
SAND BAGS: LEVEE AUGMENTATION IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN
• 2.5 MILLION SAND BAGS AUGMENTED SANDBAGS AND REDUCED LOSSES IN THE 1993 MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD
• 2.5 MILLION SAND BAGS AUGMENTED SANDBAGS AND REDUCED LOSSES IN THE 1993 MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD
HOOVER DAM: NEVADAHOOVER DAM: NEVADA
• FLOOD CONTROL (AND SOURCE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER) IN THE WESTERN USA
• FLOOD CONTROL (AND SOURCE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER) IN THE WESTERN USA