notable historic floods in europe walter hays, global alliance for disaster reduction, university of...
TRANSCRIPT
NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS IN EUROPE
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
FLOODSFLOODS
HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISK
EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISKRISKRISK
FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• Too much water inserted too quickly in the regional drainage system to be accommodated normally by physical processes related to the water cycle.
• Inundation• Erosion• Scour• Mudflows
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODSFLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
DAMAGE DAMAGE INJURIESINJURIESDAMAGE DAMAGE INJURIESINJURIES
UNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISK
COLLAPSE COLLAPSE DEATHSDEATHS
COLLAPSE COLLAPSE DEATHSDEATHS
LOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTIONLOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTION ECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSS
RISKRISKRISKRISK
EUROPEANEUROPEAN
CITIESCITIES
EUROPEANEUROPEAN
CITIESCITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: FLOOD DISASTER GOAL: FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PROTECTION•PEPAREDNESS•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY
FIVE PILLARS OF FIVE PILLARS OF RESILIENCERESILIENCE
SOME OF EUROPE’S RECENT NOTABLE FLOODS
MODERATE TO LOW MORTALITY AND HIGH
ECONOMIC LOSSES
MAJOR RIVER SYSTEMS IN EUROPE
MAJOR RIVER SYSTEMS IN EUROPE
• SHANNON• THAMES• SEINE• RHINE
• SHANNON• THAMES• SEINE• RHINE
• TAGUS• RHONE• PO• DANUBE• ELBE• VISTULA
• TAGUS• RHONE• PO• DANUBE• ELBE• VISTULA
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1910 GREAT FLOOD OF PARIS: FRANCE
• 1910 GREAT FLOOD OF PARIS: FRANCE
• DEATHS: NONE, BUT $1.5 BILLION MODERN USD
• DEATHS: NONE, BUT $1.5 BILLION MODERN USD
THE SEINE RIVER FLOODED CENTRAL PARIS: 1910
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1928 THAMES RIVER FLOOD: UNITED KINGDOM
• 1928 THAMES RIVER FLOOD: UNITED KINGDOM
• DEATHS: 14 DROWNED AND 1000’S HOMELESS
• DEATHS: 14 DROWNED AND 1000’S HOMELESS
THE THAMES RIVER FLOODED CENTRAL LONDON: 1928
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1953 NORTH SEA FLOOD: NETHERLANDS AND UNITED KINGDOM
• 1953 NORTH SEA FLOOD: NETHERLANDS AND UNITED KINGDOM
• DEATHS:
2,142• DEATHS:
2,142
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1959 MALPASSET DAM FAILURE: FRANCE
• 1959 MALPASSET DAM FAILURE: FRANCE
• DEATHS: 421
• DEATHS: 421
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1962 NORTH SEA FLOOD
• 1962 NORTH SEA FLOOD
• DEATHS: 315
• DEATHS: 315
8
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1962 BARCELONA FLASH FLOOD: SPAIN
• 1962 BARCELONA FLASH FLOOD: SPAIN
• DEATHS: 919
• DEATHS: 919
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1963 VAJONT FLOOD AND LANDSLIDE: ITALY
• 1963 VAJONT FLOOD AND LANDSLIDE: ITALY
• DEATHS: 1,909
• DEATHS: 1,909
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1967 LISBON FLASH FLOOD
• 1967 LISBON FLASH FLOOD
• DEATHS: 404
• DEATHS: 404
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1993, 1994, and 1995 RHINE RIVER FLOODS: NETHERLANDS
• 1993, 1994, and 1995 RHINE RIVER FLOODS: NETHERLANDS
• DEATHS: 4; 1,000,000 CATTLE EVACUATED; LOSSES IN TENS OF MILLIONS USD
• DEATHS: 4; 1,000,000 CATTLE EVACUATED; LOSSES IN TENS OF MILLIONS USD
NOTE: THE NETHERLANDS IS IN REALITY A DELTA OF
THE RHINE RIVER
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1997 MILLENIUM FLOOD: POLAND AND CZECH. REPUBLIC
• 1997 MILLENIUM FLOOD: POLAND AND CZECH. REPUBLIC
• DEATHS: 98
• DEATHS: 98
8
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1998 SARNO FLOOD AND AVALANCHE: ITALY
• 1998 SARNO FLOOD AND AVALANCHE: ITALY
• DEATHS: 159
• DEATHS: 159
8
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2007 UNITED KINGDOM FLOODS: UK
• 2007 UNITED KINGDOM FLOODS: UK
• DEATHS: 13
• DEATHS: 13
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MAP OF FLOODS IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ENGLAND: 15-21 JULY
FLOOD IN TEWKESBURY, ENGLAND: JULY 22
FLOOD IN TEWKESBURY, ENGLAND: JULY 22
FLOOD IN GLOUCESTER, ENGLAND: JULY 25
FLOOD IN HENLY ON THE THAMES: JULY 25
FLOOD IN OXFORD AREA: JULY 25
SANDBAGGING IN OXFORD: JULY 25
SANDBAGGING: JULY 25
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2009 ISTHANBUL FLOODS: TURKEY
• 2009 ISTHANBUL FLOODS: TURKEY
• DEATHS: 37
• DEATHS: 37
8
FLASH FLOODS IN TURKEY
FLASH FLOODS IN TURKEY
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2010 MADEIRA FLASH FLOOD: PORTUGAL
• 2010 MADEIRA FLASH FLOOD: PORTUGAL
• DEATHS: 42
• DEATHS: 42
LOCATION OF MADEIRA
WHAT HAPPENED
The worst storm to hit Madeira since 1993 lashed the south of the
Atlantic Ocean island, including the capital, Funchal, Saturday,
turning some streets into torrents of mud, water and debris.
WHAT HAPPENED (continued)
The flash floods were so powerful they carved paths down
mountains and ripped through the city, churning under some bridges
and tearing others down.
FEBRUARY 21: FLASH FLOOD
FEBRUARY 21
FEBRUARY 21
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
EUROPE’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2010 CENTRAL EUROPE FLOODS: POLAND, GERMANY, CZECH, REPUBLIC, HUNGARY, ETC
• 2010 CENTRAL EUROPE FLOODS: POLAND, GERMANY, CZECH, REPUBLIC, HUNGARY, ETC
• DEATHS: 37
• DEATHS: 37
8
POLAND AND VISTULA RIVER
RIVERS BURST BANKS AND BREACHED DAMS IN
CENTRAL EUROPE AFTER WEEKS OF RAIN
MAY – JUNE, 2010
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
• REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS
• MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES)
• RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)
• REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS
• MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES)
• RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)
• DATABASES • MAPS: 100-YEAR AND
500-YEAR FLOODS• FLOOD DISASTER
SCENARIOS• MONITORING BY
DRONE PLANES• HAZMAT
MANAGEMENT
• DATABASES • MAPS: 100-YEAR AND
500-YEAR FLOODS• FLOOD DISASTER
SCENARIOS• MONITORING BY
DRONE PLANES• HAZMAT
MANAGEMENT
FLOOD RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES
FLOOD RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES
RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
• PURPOSE
• PREVENTION
• PROTECTION
• LAND USE CONTROL
• PURPOSE
• PREVENTION
• PROTECTION
• LAND USE CONTROL
• TECHNIQUE
• WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
• FLOOD CONTROL (DIKES, BARRIERS AND DAMS)
• ZONING MAPS (BUILD – NO BUILD)
• TECHNIQUE
• WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
• FLOOD CONTROL (DIKES, BARRIERS AND DAMS)
• ZONING MAPS (BUILD – NO BUILD)
FLOOD PREVENTION: DIKES IN THE NETHERLANDS
FLOOD CONTROL: THAMES BARRIER; LONDON, ENGLAND
As a result of floods (e.g., in 1928, 1957, etc), the Thames Barrier project, which was begun in 1974 to control
storm surges, was officially opened in 1984.
THE OOSTERSCHELDEKERING : THE NETHERLANDS; 1986
THE OOSTERSCHELDEKERING (STORM SURGE BARRIER)
WAS CONSTRUCTED IN RESPONSE TO THE NORTH
SEA FLOOD OF 1953