not just for farmers: six ways that agriculture programs affect food, nutrition, and the environment...
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Nutrition is our Agendanutrition.tufts.edu
Not just for farmers: Six ways that agriculture programs
affect food, nutrition, and the environment
Virginia Tech – March, 2013
Parke Wilde
Outline
1. Inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral
2. Six categories of agriculture policies
3. Demand expansion
4. Nutrition assistance
Outline
1. Inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral
2. Six categories of agriculture policies
3. Demand expansion
4. Nutrition assistance
4
A social ecological framework for nutrition and physical activity decisions
Source: Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010.
Source: USDA Economic Research Service
6
The USDA Economic Research Service food marketing dollar - 2010
Source: Adapted from Monke (2012a).
7
Authorizing legislation: mandatory programs in a new Farm Bill for 10 fiscal years 2013-2022
Outline
1. Inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral2. Six categories of agriculture policies3. Demand expansion4. Nutrition assistance
Deficiency payments
15
$1.40
$1.50
$1.60
$1.70
$1.80
$1.90
$2.00
$2.10
$2.20
9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11
Pri
ce
of
Co
rn (
$ p
er
Bu
sh
el)
Quantity of Corn (Billion Bushels)
Target Price
Consumer Price
Price DifferencePaid by theGovernment
Supply Demand
Government payments from U.S. farm programs 1996 - 2010
20
Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Producer Support Estimates (PSE), 2012. Note: Payments based on output are identified separately, because of their implications for overproduction and for trade policy (see Chapter 4).
U.S. conservation programs 1996 - 2010
21
Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Producer Support Estimates (PSE), 2012. Note: Payments based on output are identified separately, because of their implications for overproduction and for trade policy (see Chapter 4).
U.S. Producer Support Estimate1996 - 2010
22
Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Producer Support Estimates (PSE), 2012. Note: Payments based on output are identified separately, because of their implications for overproduction and for trade policy (see Chapter 4).
Outline
1. Inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral2. Six categories of agriculture policies3. Demand expansion4. Nutrition assistance
Outline
1. Inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral
2. Six categories of agriculture policies
3. Demand expansion
4. Nutrition assistance
SNAP benefits / food-at-home sales
Source: Wilde, AJAE, 2012. Data source: USDA/FNS (SNAP) and USDA/ERS (food spending).
SNAP benefits / food-at-home sales
Source: Wilde, AJAE, 2012. Data source: USDA/FNS (SNAP) and USDA/ERS (food spending).
Google Gadgets
• http://usfoodpolicy.blogspot.com/search/label/Food%20Stamp%20Program
• http://www.tinyurl.com/snap-vis/
Why do reasonable people disagree about the cost of healthy food?
Differences in:• Definitions of “healthy”• Time constraints and cooking abilities• Reference populations and geographic locations• Policy objectives• Ways of learning about the world
Nutrition criteria and other constraints
Tolerance for difference from current consumption
Cost required
Choosing the cost of a healthy diet(in the spirit of the Thrifty Food Plan)
Energy
Energy,MyPyramidEnergy,
Nutrients
All
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
$0.00 $2.00 $4.00 $6.00 $8.00 $10.00 $12.00
Dis
tanc
e Fu
nctio
n
Cost in 2001 dollars
Variable Cost Constraints
$3.89
TFP=6.7
It all depends on what constraints you impose ...
Source: Wilde and Llobrera, Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2009.
Source: Wilde, Troy, and Rogers, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2009.
Food away from home
For more information …
Food Policy in the United States: An Introduction
(Routledge/Earthscan, March 2013)
www.usfoodpolicy.com
Government role in checkoff programs
• Increasing oversight from USDA/AMS• Absence of producer referenda• “Government Speech”
Pork industry organizations
• National Pork Board (NPB)– semi-governmental “checkoff” program– may not lobby the government– funded by $64 million in mandatory checkoff
payments
• National Pork Producers Council (NPPC)– private trade association – may lobby the government
Sale of “Other White Meat”
• In 2006, NPB (checkoff) agrees to pay NPPC (trade association) $60 million.
• Appraised cost to rebuild a new slogan: $38 million over 7 years.
• Terms: $3 million per year for 20 years, with interest.
Questions about “Other White Meat” appraisal and terms
• Was discounting handled correctly?• Were there any other buyers?