northwest rebellion 1885

11
Northwest Rebellion 1885 The Return of Riel

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Metis, riel, dumont, northwest rebellion, cpr, 1885, canada

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Page 1: Northwest rebellion 1885

Northwest Rebellion 1885The Return of Riel

Page 2: Northwest rebellion 1885

Movement of the Metis

After the Red River Rebellion of 1869-1870, many Metis had moved away from their Red River Settlement, into Saskatchewan and Alberta.

Some had knowingly sold their ‘scrip’ because they did not want to remain in Manitoba. They hoped to continue living in their tradition ways further from Canadian settlers.

But with the promised coast to coast railway, it was only a matter of time before the settlers came west.

Page 3: Northwest rebellion 1885

Dividing the land

Page 4: Northwest rebellion 1885

Arrival of Surveyors

The Metis recognized that their way of life was about to be shifted as government surveyors arrived to map the land, and divide it into plots for ‘new’ settlers.

The Metis tried to petition the government, once again under the leadership of John A (Old Tomorrow – as he was nicknamed). But when their letters were ignored, they realized that Old Tomorrow was living up to his nickname, that there would be no help from Ottawa.

Page 5: Northwest rebellion 1885

Gabriel Dumont

The Metis leader was Gabriel Dumont. He dreamed of creating a Metis homeland, and knew there was only one other man capable of negotiating successfully with Ottawa to create that homeland.

So Dumont rode south into the US (Montana), to find Louis Riel and convince him to return to Canada for one last fight for the Metis people.

For the Hollywood – and completely inaccurate version: North West Mounted Police 1940http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSIMiXRGpQ8

Page 6: Northwest rebellion 1885

Gabriel Dumont

Page 7: Northwest rebellion 1885

Riel Returns

Riel agreed to return to Canada with Dumont, but he is a changed man from the one that led the Red River Rebellion. He has become deeply religious, and believes himself to be somewhat of a prophet.

Some of his religious goals do not align with solving the problems faced by the Metis.

Riel sends the government a revised List of Rights – known as the Bill of Rights. Asking for a fair deal for both the Metis and new settlers, Old Tomorrow ignores their Bill of Rights.

Page 8: Northwest rebellion 1885

Turning to violence

The Metis were supported by the Cree First Nations, who hoped to see a positive change for their people.

But the Canadian government was pressing forward with the CPR, and needed the land to sell to settlers to offset the incredible costs of building the railroad.

Metis ‘rights’ were of little significance to Ottawa politicians.

The NWMP were sent in to quell the ‘rebellion’.

Page 9: Northwest rebellion 1885

Troops en route

Page 10: Northwest rebellion 1885

Battle Begins

The NWMP met the Metis at Duck Lake, and negotiation turned to violence, with 2 Metis shot and 12 NWMP dead.

At Batoche, 725 Canadian Militia attacked 175 Metis. The Metis held their ground for 3 days, against incredible odds. On May 12, 1885 the Metis had been defeated.

Riel is captured, and Dumont escapes to the US.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCVDuyvNpHk

Page 11: Northwest rebellion 1885

Historical Implications

John A was able to send troops west using the existing CPR lines, resulting in great support for the railway.

It seemed easier to fight the Metis, rather than negotiate a peaceful settlement.

Riel was tried, found guilt of treason, and despite the judge’s call for clemency, he was hung on November 16, 1885.

History Minute – Louis Riel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RV1ZqCWDdQ0