northern and italian renaissance
TRANSCRIPT
8/3/2019 Northern and Italian Renaissance
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/northern-and-italian-renaissance 1/1
Northern and Italian Renaissance
The Southern Renaissance in Italy occurred earlier, from about 1300 to 1600, while theNorthern Renaissance occurred later, ending in
about 1630. The Southern Renaissance emphasized pagan and Greco-Roman ideals, and as a result was considerably more secular,
while the Northern Renaissance advocated "Christian" humanism, or humility, tolerance, focus on the individual, and the importance
of earnest life on earth. While the Southern Renaissance emphasized art and culture, the Northern Renaissance emphasized the
sciences and new technology. This failed to occur in the south primarily because the Roman Catholic Church stunted learning and the
sciences. While the Northern Renaissance was religiously diverse, with the rise of Protestantism and a great deal of religious division,
the Southern Renaissance was entirely Roman Catholic. The Southern Renaissance saw far fewer universities, while the Northern
Renaissance saw more universities and education. Also, Northern Renaissance humanists pushed for social reform based on Christian
ideals.
Mannerism
A style of art in the mid- to late-sixteenth century that permitted artists to express their own “manner” or feelings in contrast to thesymmetry and simplicity of the art of the High Renaissance
Printing Press
Through the use of the printing press, literature became more commonplace than a rare commodity. More copies being circulated of
books meant more readers and more exposure of writing style and technique. Writers become better at their craft through reading
others and the accessibility made this possible. This made literature not only more common, but better. Written material became
available to the common people. Books could be mass produced. Newspapers could be produced in large numbers. Ideas/scientific
knowledge could be easily communicated. Copyright laws were passed. Helped standardize grammar/spelling Invented by Johannes
Gutenberg of Germany during the Northern Renaissance
Golden Bull An Emperor is selected by 7 electoral princes out of 300 autonomous territories. This kept it from becoming decentralized.
Leonardo da’ Vinci Mona Lisa, The Perfect Man, The Last Supper
MichelangeloEighteen-foot sculpture of David, Pieta, ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel &
Mannerism
Raphael
The School of Athens
Prototype of the Modern World
Look at page 1 of outline Jacob Burckhardt
Inquisition A tribunal created by the Catholic Church in the mid-twelfth century to detect and punish heresy
Scholasticism Method of study based on logic and dialectic that dominated the medieval schools. It assumed that truth already existed; students had
only to organize, elucidate, and defend knowledge learned from authoritative texts, especially those of Aristotle and the Church
Fathers
Giovanni BoccaccioWrote Decameron, which followed seven women and three men in a retreat away from the plague, provided an eyewitness account to
the immoral behaviors brought by the Plauge
Desiderius Erasmus Most famous northern humanist (catholic), Educational and religious reformer, teacher, and writer, distrusted scholasticism, wanted to
unite humanism with civic virtues and faith
Sir Thomas More Influential English humanist, led the way for English Reformation as one of Henry’s advisors, Wrote the Utopia which depicted an
imaginary society based on reason and tolerance that overcame political and social injustice, all goods and property were held in
common and everyone earned their way from their own work, criticism of contemporary society
Dante Alighieri
The greatest Italian poet, one of the most important writers of European literature, best known for the epic poem Commedia, from
1265 to 1321, Florence Italian, has profoundly affected not only the religious imagination but all subsequent allegorical creation of
imaginary worlds in literature
Niccolo Machiavelli
an Italian historian, philosopher, humanist, and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance. He is one of the main founders of
modern political science.[1]
He was a diplomat, political philosopher, playwright, and a civil servant of the Florentine Republic. He
also wrote comedies, carnival songs, poetry, and some of the most well-known personal correspondence in the Italian language. His
position in the regime of Florence as Secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence lasted from 1498 to 1512, a period
in which the Medici were not in power. Machiavelli's most well-known writing was, however, after this period, during the time when
the Medici recovered power, and Machiavelli was removed from all positions of responsibility.
Florence and Savonarola
was an Italian Dominican friar, Scholastic, and an influential contributor to the politics of Florence from 1494 until his execution in
1498. He was known for his book burning, destruction of what he considered immoral art, and what he thought the Renaissance —
which began in his Florence — ought to become. He preached vehemently against the moral corruption of much of the clergy at the
time. His main opponent was Rodrigo Borgia, who was Pope Alexander VI from 1492, through Savonarola's death in 1498. Bonfire of
the Vanities ordered by Savonarola, gathered and burned items that tempt people into committing sins.