normal gait cycle

20
NORMAL GAIT CYCLE Emine CAN HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY- Depatment of Electrical Electronics Engineering

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Page 1: Normal Gait Cycle

NORMAL GAIT CYCLE

Emine CAN

HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY- Depatment of Electrical Electronics Engineering

Page 2: Normal Gait Cycle

Gait Cycle .

Period of time from one heel strike to the next heel strike of the same limb

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Gait Cycle

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Gait Cycle

>Time Frame:> > Stance vs. Swing:

Stance phase = 60% of gait cycle Swing phase = 40%

> > Single vs. Double support: Single support = 40% of gait cycle Double support = 20%

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STANCE( support ) PERIODBegins when the heel of the forward limb makes contact with the ground and ends when the toe of

the same limb leaves the ground.

Foot in contact with the ground

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SWING ( unsupported ) PERIODBegins when the foot is no longer in contact with the ground. The limb is free to move.

Foot not in contact with the ground

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The Tasks of the Gait Cycle• Weight

acceptance > The transfer of body

weight onto a limb that has just finished swinging forward and has an unstable alignment.

>Shock absorption and the maintenance of a forward body progression

• Single limb support

> One limb support the body weight

> Same limb provide truncal stability while bodily progression is continued

• Limb advancement

> Requires foot clearance from the floor

>The limb swings through three positions as it travels to its destination in front of the body.

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STANCE Subphases IC: Initial Contact (Heel Strike)

> Both limbs are in contact – Double stance> The heel strikes the ground> The stance knee begins to flex slightly.> The ankle is at the neutral position> The knee is close to full extension Knee – 0o Flexion, Tibia externally rotated> Hip 30° of flexion Femur externally rotated > In the sagittal plane, the alignment of the ground-reaction force vector at initial contact is posterior to the ankle joint, creating a plantarflexion moment> Maximum hip flexion occurs during initial contact.

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STANCE Subphases LR: Loading Response (Foot Flat)

>Flattening of the foot – reacting to impact of body weight

>Double stance ends

>Knee – 15o flexion, tibia internally rotates and then begins to externally rotate

>Hip – 30o flexion, femur internally rotating moving to neutral

>Maximum Impact Loading occurs>Foot rapidly moves into pronation>Weight has been shifted to the support leg

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STANCE Subphases MS: Mid Stance

Early Midstance - Late Mid Stance

> Single stance> Knee – 15o flexion, tibia externally rotating

> Hip – 25o flexion, femur internally rotated

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STANCE Subphases TS: Terminal Stance (Heel-off)

>Single stance – “Falling forward” forward fall of the body moves the vector further anterior to the ankle, creating a large dorsiflexion moment >Begins as COG passes over foot and ends when opposite foot touches ground

>Knee – 5o flexion to 0o, tibia externally rotates>Hip – 0 to 10o extension, femur externally rotates and begins abduction

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STANCE Subphases PS: Pre-Swing (Toe-Off/ Knee Break)

>Double stance – “Transition”>Limb is rapidly unloaded – “Toe-off”

>Knee – 0-30o flexion, tibia externally rotates>Hip – 20o extension, femur externally rotates with abduction>The ankle moves rapidly from its dorsiflexion position at terminal stance to 20 degrees of plantarflexion

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SWING Subphases IS: Initial Swing ( acceleration )

>From “toe-off” until maximum knee flexion>Knee – 30–60o flexion, tibia internally rotates>Hip – 0–20o flexion, femur moves from internal rotation to neutral (externally rotating)

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SWING Subphases MS: Mid Swing

>Goal is for tibia to reach vertical position perpendicular to surface

>Knee – moves to 0o, tibia externally rotates

>Hip – 20-30o flexion, femur externally rotates

>Knee extension and hip flexion continue by inertia

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SWING Subphases TS: Terminal Swing

>Preparing for initial contact >Knee – 0o, tibia externally rotated

>Hip – 30o flexion, femur externally rotates

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State to State Conditions

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bibliography

• UNDERSTANDING NORMAL & PATHOLOGICALGAIT

• Mahmoud Sarmini, M.D.• Assistant Prof. LSU-PM&R

Gait EvaluationJoshua Landau, MDGar Wynne, MD

http://www.upstate.edu/cdb/grossanat/limbs6.shtml

http://www.upstate.edu/cdb/grossanat/limbs6.shtml