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Poster Presentations / Res

he socioeconomic background of the participants and to estimateow they can use this knowledge in real crises.

Results: Out of the 7402 participants in this World Record,00 (9.45%) were instructors – medical personnel (doctors, nurses,aramedics) and volunteers of the Society (medical students,rained to perform quality CPR). This translates into a ratio ofpproximately 10 participants per instructor, which is in alignmento the standards around the world for any CPR training. Since theverage timing of an ambulance to reach code red emergencies inucharest and Ilfov is of 11 min, 40 s, we consider that the 6698

aypersons involved in the CPR session are an important resourcef help during cardiac arrest situations.

Conclusions: Studies2 have shown that there is a strong cor-elation between the socioeconomic status and CPR knowledge.herefore, people with lower social background are having a dif-cult time knowing what to do in cardiac arrest situations. Events

ike the World Record on Dinamo Stadium are trying to bring theseery important pieces of information to the people of all back-rounds, in an effort to preserve life.

eferences

].Kawakami C, Ohshige K, Kubota K, Tochikubo O. Influence of socioeconomic fac-tors on medically unnecessary ambulance calls, 2007 [PubMed].

].Mitchell M, Stubbs B, Eisenberg M. Socioeconomic status is associated with pro-vision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 2009 [PubMed].

ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.08.291

P233

se of Internet and online technology expectations during med-cal conferences among participants of European Resuscitationouncil (ERC) Courses. Preliminary data from a questionnairetudy

vor Kovic 1,∗, Silvija Hunyadi-Anticevic 2,3, Michael Baubin 3, Karlchebesta 4, Ileana Lulic 5, Michael Hüpfl 4

Institute of Emergency Medicine of Istria County, Emergency Medicalervice Pazin, Pazin, CroatiaCentre for Emergency Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb,agreb, CroatiaDepartment of Anaesthesia and Institute for Emergency and Disasteredicine, The Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck,

ustriaMedical Simulation and Emergency Management Research Group,epartment of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Manage-ent, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Emergency Medicine of Primorsko-goranska County,mergency Medical Service Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

Purpose of the study: Implementation of online technologiesnto conferences can bring many benefits to participants, includ-ng active participation, interactive tracking of events and betteretworking.1 We aimed to investigate Internet habits among ERCourses participants and to identify online technologies they wanto use during medical conferences.

Materials and methods: A total of 235 (15%) of 1600 partici-ants of ERC courses in Austria and Croatia completed an onlineurvey from 22nd of May until 1st of June 2012. Median age ofarticipants was 37 years (range 25–66) (female – 56%, medicaloctors – 70%, course in Austria – 75%, instructor of at least oneRC course – 47%). The survey consisted of 29 questions, including

hose about Internet and mobile technology habits, use of Interneturing conferences, and demographic data.

Results: Our participants were avid Internet users, with 83% ofhem going online several times a day. To access the Internet, most [1

tion 83 (2012) e24–e123 e113

of them used laptop (79%) and desktop computers (60%), as wellas mobile phones (60%). More participants owned smartphones(67%) than basic mobile phones (33%). Ninety six percent tookmobile phones to the last conference they attended, while only 33%brought laptops. During conferences, many of participants accessedthe Internet to learn more about a certain topic (80%) and speaker(54%). Among the most desired online features for medical con-ferences, participants highlighted an archive of lecture slideshows(91%) and video recordings (75%), free Internet access (81%), liveonline streaming of lectures (58%), and a dedicated mobile appli-cation (50%). Most also wanted printed booklets (86%).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that participants of ERCcourses are dedicated Internet and mobile technology users. Theyfrequently bring their smartphones to medical conferences andexpect interactive multimedia content, which should be providedby organizers in order to create more engaging experiences.

Reference

].McKendrick DR. Smartphones. Twitter and new learning opportunities at anaes-thetic conferences. Anaesthesia 2012;67:438–9.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.08.292

AP234 Education

Non-technical skills in resuscitation training using high fidelitysimulation

Rimal Shah 1,∗, Matthew Ibrahim 2

1 Barnet & Chase Farm Hospital NHS Trust, London, England, UK2 Newham University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, Eng-land, UK

Introduction: The introduction and practice of Non-TechnicalSkills (NTS) has been one of the key factors in increasing avia-tion safety. Until recently little attention has been paid to theimportance of non-technical skills in medicine. Analysis of adverseincidents in anaesthesia showed that in up to 80%, failures in nontechnical skills such as communication, planning and team organ-isation were responsible rather than equipment failure or lack ofknowledge.1

There is therefore a need to train the resuscitation team mem-bers in human factors or non-technical Skills as well as the variousclinical skills.2 To the best of our knowledge no course exists thatfocuses on non-technical skills in resuscitation.

Methods: Simulation Enhanced Advanced Life Support (SEALS),a one day multidisciplinary course that covers training of both tech-nical and NTS in adult resuscitation. Five courses were run in 2011.After a brief introduction four cardiac arrest scenarios were run,using a high fidelity simulator, with debriefings after each scenario.All candidates (n = 50) were asked to fill in a pre- and post-coursequestionnaire which was designed to see the effect of the courseon the candidate’s awareness of non-technical skills particularlysituation awareness, communication and team management.

Results: 100% of questionnaires were returned. A paired t-testshowed that for all of the above mentioned domains candidatesshowed a highly significant improvement in their NTS followingundertaking the course (p � 0.0005). 94% of candidates felt that thecourse had changed the way they would behave in a cardiac arrest

Conclusion: SEALS is a course that improves self perception ofnon technical skills relevant to adult resuscitation and supplementscurrently run resuscitation courses.

Reference

].Advanced Life Support Manual, 6th ed.

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[3].European resuscitation council. Guidelines for resuscitation 2010. Section 6. Pedi-atric life support. Resuscitation 2010;81:1364–88.

114 Poster Presentations / Res

].Norris EM, Lockey AS. Human factors in resuscitation teaching. Resuscitation2012:423–7.

ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.08.293

imulationP235

an the iPad be used as an automated external defibrillatorAED) trainer during basic life support and automated externalefibrillator (BLS/AED) courses? A preliminary study

vor Kovic 1,∗, Dinka Lulic 2, Franko Haller 3, Josip Druzijanic 4,leana Lulic 5

Institute of Emergency Medicine of Istria County, Emergency Medicalervice Pazin, Pazin, CroatiaUniversity Hospital Center “Sisters of Mercy”, Zagreb, CroatiaHealth Center of Zagreb County, Health Center Samobor, Samobor,roatiaFirst Aid Student Team Project, Croatian Medical Students’ Interna-

ional Committee, Zagreb, CroatiaInstitute of Emergency Medicine of Primorsko-goranska County,mergency Medical Service Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

Background: Mobile devices have been shown to facilitate car-iopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education and have the potentialo help rescuers in real emergencies.1 A novel solution for BLS/AEDraining consists of the AED simulator application and customraining pads for the iPad,2,3 and the AED trainer remote controlpplication for the iPhone.4

Purpose of the study: Our main goal was to investigate if thePad AED training solution could be successfully used alongsideonventional AED trainers during a BLS/AED course. Furthermore,e wanted to test the influence of a BLS/AED course on medical

tudents’ knowledge and attitudes towards CPR.Materials and methods: Twenty-four medical students from

he University of Zagreb were recruited to participate in a one-ay BLS/AED course according to the latest guidelines.5 Half of thetudents practiced AED skills on the conventional AED trainer andalf using the iPad. All completed the identical written exam andttitudes survey, before and after the course, and took the practicalxam using the conventional AED trainer after the course. Thoseracticing on the iPad, additionally rated its use.

Results: All students successfully completed the course. TheirLS/AED knowledge significantly improved after the course (cor-ect answers: 45% vs. 89%; t(23) = 23, p = 0.001), as well as theirttitudes towards CPR (mean score: 9.2 vs. 18.8; t(23) = 15.4,= 0.001). There were no differences between students in tworoups according to written exams and attitude scores before andfter the course, as well as practical exam performance. iPad asn AED trainer was highly rated (mean score = 18.4 ± 1.9 out ofaximum 20).Conclusions: Tested medical students of the University of

agreb had low BLS/AED knowledge and attitudes towards CPR,hich were successfully improved with a one-day course. It seams

hat the iPad AED training solution can be effectively utilized forLS/AED courses, as a supplement to conventional AED trainers.

eference

].Kovic I, Lulic I. Mobile phone in the chain of survival. Resuscitation 2011;82:776–9.].Apple, The new iPad [Internet]. Cupertino: Apple Inc.; c2012 [cited 2012 May 24].

Available from: http://www.apple.com/ipad/.].Ivor Medical, AED Trainer App [Internet]. Rijeka: Ivor Medical; c2012 [cited 2012

May 24]. Available from: http://ivormedical.com/products/aed-trainer-app/.].Apple, iPhone 4S [Internet]. Cupertino: Apple Inc.; c2012 [cited 2012 May 24].

Available from: http://www.apple.com/iphone/.

tion 83 (2012) e24–e123

].Koster RW, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation2010 Section 2. Adult basic life support and use of automated external defib-rillators. Resuscitation 2010;81:1277–92.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.08.294

AP236

Pediatrician’s performicular tachycardia: Lessons learned froma simulated scenario

Maria Jose de Castro 1,3,5,∗, Ignacio Oulego Erroz 2,3,5, PaulaAlonso Quintela 2,3,5, Maria Mora Matilla 2,3,5, Manuel FernándezSanmartín 1,3,5, Jose Antonio Iglesias Vázquez 3,4,5, Luis SánchezSantos 3,4,5, Antonio Rodríguez Núnez 1,3,5

1 Pediatric Area. Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de Com-postela, Santiago de Compostela/Galicia, Spain2 Pediatric Area. Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain3 FEGAS Advanced Simulation Center, Santiago de Compostela/Galicia,Spain4 Galicia’s Public Emergency Medical System, Santiago de Com-postela/Galicia, Spain5 Spanish Society of Primary Care Paediatrics Advanced SimulationProgram., Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Introduction and objectives: Supraventricular tachycardia(SVT) is an emergency in children. Paediatricians must have theknowledge and skills to treat it correctly and without delay. The aimof this study was to detect pitfalls and targets to improve in pedi-atrician’s performance when they face to a SVT by using advancedsimulation.

Material and methods: Data were obtained during simulationcourses held between June 2008 and April 2010. Three scenar-ios were programmed using SimBaby® simulation system andincluded stable SVT (S-SVT), stable progressing to unstable SVT (SU-SVT) and unstable SVT (U-SVT). The assessment of the scenarioswas based on a list of 18 tasks obtained from SVT diagnostic andtreatment recommendations.

Results: 45 scenarios were assessed with the participation of167 paediatricians. 328 of 551 (59.5%) tasks were completed in amean percentage of 63.4 (16.7) for S-SVT, 47.8 (20.3) for SU-ST and38.6 (31) for U-SVT (p = 0.028). Most of the participants correctlyidentified non-sinus rhythm as SVT. However, important difficul-ties in the management of SVT were observed including failure toidentify hemodynamic instability in 20 of 43 (48%), incorrect doseof adenosine in 18 of 39 (48%), incorrect adenosine administrationin 23 of 39 (59%) and non-recognition of indication to emergentcardioversion in 15 of 31 (48%).

Conclusions: Paediatricians are able to make an accurate diag-nosis of SVT but they need to improve their skills to provide aneffective treatment. Systematic analysis of clinical performance ina simulated scenario allows the identification of many areas ofcorncern where reinforcement is needed.

Further reading

].Shilkofsky NA, Nelson KL, Hunt EA. Recognition and treatment of unstablesupraventricular tachycardia by pediatric residents in a simulation scenario. SimHealthcare 2008;3:4–9.

].McBride ME, Waldrop WB, Fehr JJ, Boulet JR, Murray DJ. Simulation in pedi-atrics:the reliability and validity of a multiscenario assessment. Pediatrics2011;128:335–43.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.08.295