non-invasive characterization a crude-oil contaminated ... · links between contamination and...
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Non-invasive characterization a crude-oil contaminated site: links between contamination and geophysical signals
32 convegno TRIESTE 19-21 novembre 2013
G.Cassiani(1) , A.Binley(2) , A.Kemna(3) , M.Wehrer(4), A.Flores Orozco(3), R.Deiana(5), J.Boaga(1),
M.Rossi(1), P.Dietrich(6), U.Werban(6), L.Zschornack(6), A.Godio(7), A. Jafar Gandomi(2), G.P.Deidda(8)
(1) Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova, Italy
(2) Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK
(3) Dept. of Geodynamics and Geophysics, University of Bonn, Germany
(4) Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
(5) Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali: Archeologia, Storia dell'Arte, del Cinema e della Musica, Università di Padova, Italy
(6) UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Germany
(7) Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
(8) Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale e Architettura, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
EU Framework Programme 7 Collaborative Project “ModelPROBE - Model driven Soil Probing, Site Assessment and Evaluation” for Theme 6.3 Environmental Technologies, Call: ENV 2007, 3.1.2.2: Development of technologies and tools for soil contamination assessment and site characterisation, towards sustainable remediation. (2008 -2012) Co-Coordinator: G.Cassiani (UNIPD) (Coordinator Prof. Matthias Kaestner, UFZ Leipzig, Germany)
Geophysical detection of contaminants
The Trecate case – introduction
Geophysics at the Trecate site: structure
Geophysics at the Trecate site: contamination
Conclusions and outlook
Outline
Geophysical detection of contaminants
The Trecate case – introduction
Geophysics at the Trecate site: structure
Geophysics at the Trecate site: contamination
Conclusions and outlook
Outline
Grain
Surface
Pore- Solution
Contaminant
GEOPHYSICS
electrical conductivity
IP chargeability
Dielectric constant
……
..
contamination
adsorbed
free-phase
dissolved
ambient dynamics temperature
moisture content
soil structure
mineralogy
texture
porosity
Air
Generally speaking, contamination is only one,
and not necessarily the most important,
source of geophysical signal
ambient dynamics temperature
moisture content
contamination
adsorbed
free-phase
dissolved
soil structure
mineralogy
texture
porosity GEOPHYSICS
electrical conductivity
IP chargeability
Dielectric constant
……
..
Grain
Surface
Pore- Solution
Contaminant
Air
Generally speaking, contamination is only one,
and not necessarily the most important,
source of geophysical signal
Geophysical detection of contaminants
The Trecate case – introduction
Geophysics at the Trecate site: structure
Geophysics at the Trecate site: contamination
Conclusions and outlook
Outline
Blow out of TR24 oil well Trecate, Novara
February 28 1994
TR24
trecate
19 years afterwards TR 24 well
Rice, soy and corn fields
Monitoring boreholes with PVC casing
19 years afterwards
March - September
Water table
Rice field
12 m
6 m
12 m Water table
September - March 6 m
Blow out of TR24 oil well Trecate, Novara
February 28 1994
12 m Water table
September - March 6 m
The subsoil is made of silty and sandy gravel (fluvio-glacial deposits)
B-A B-B B-C B-D B-E
B-F
B-G
B-H
B-I
B-J
B-K
B-L B-M
B-NB-O B-P
B-Q
B-S
B-W
B-X
P16
P21
A5B20
B22
B24
C10
C14
D34
E22
E32
FW-S-2
FW-V47-9
FW-V55-11
FW-V55-8
FW-V57-4
FW-V58-3
FW-V59-10
G3
I22
I7
INF1
INF10
INF11
INF12
INF2
INF3
INF4
INF5
INF6
INF7
INF8
INF9
M14
M22
M30
N2
N9
NV10
NV11
NV12
NV13
NV14
NV16
NV17
NV17bis
NV18 bis
NV19
NV20
NV21NV22
NV24
NV25
NV26
NV3
NV30bis
NV31
NV32
NV33bis
NV34
NV35
NV37
NV38
NV39
NV40
NV41
NV42
NV43
NV44
NV45
NV46
NV47
NV48
NV49
NV5bis
NV50
NV51
NV52
NV53
NV54
NV55
NV56
NV57
NV58NV58bis
NV60
NV61 NV62
NV63
NV6
NV8
O4
P21
P6
Q2
R15
S1
S15
S19
S6
T10 bis
T12
V5
INF2
I22
NV61
P6
S6
INF8
M14
NV21
NV13
NV17bis
NV20
NV38
NV64
NV65
NV66
NV67
NV68
GEOPROBE - TRECATE
Position des sondages réalisés et contour de la contamination (500mg/kg) à la profondeur de 4, 6 et 10m en 2006 et 2007
Hydrocarbures peak-to-peak
10m 6m sondages refaits ou nouveaux en 2007piézomètres anciens sondages4m
m
B-A B-B B-C B-D B-E
B-F
B-G
B-H
B-I
B-J
B-K
B-L B-M
B-NB-O B-P
B-Q
B-S
B-W
B-X
P16
P21
A5B20
B22
B24
C10
C14
D34
E22
E32
FW-S-2
FW-V47-9
FW-V55-11
FW-V55-8
FW-V57-4
FW-V58-3
FW-V59-10
G3
I22
I7
INF1
INF10
INF11
INF12
INF2
INF3
INF4
INF5
INF6
INF7
INF8
INF9
M14
M22
M30
N2
N9
NV10
NV11
NV12
NV13
NV14
NV16
NV17
NV17bis
NV18 bis
NV19
NV20
NV21NV22
NV24
NV25
NV26
NV3
NV30bis
NV31
NV32
NV33bis
NV34
NV35
NV37
NV38
NV39
NV40
NV41
NV42
NV43
NV44
NV45
NV46
NV47
NV48
NV49
NV5bis
NV50
NV51
NV52
NV53
NV54
NV55
NV56
NV57
NV58NV58bis
NV60
NV61 NV62
NV63
NV6
NV8
O4
P21
P6
Q2
R15
S1
S15
S19
S6
T10 bis
T12
V5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
2006 2007Oil contamination in
the Trecate subsoil
(from Geoprobe samples)
B-A B-B B-C B-D B-E
B-F
B-G
B-H
B-I
B-J
B-K
B-L B-M
B-NB-O B-P
B-Q
B-S
B-W
B-X
P16
P21
A5B20
B22
B24
C10
C14
D34
E22
E32
FW-S-2
FW-V47-9
FW-V55-11
FW-V55-8
FW-V57-4
FW-V58-3
FW-V59-10
G3
I22
I7
INF1
INF10
INF11
INF12
INF2
INF3
INF4
INF5
INF6
INF7
INF8
INF9
M14
M22
M30
N2
N9
NV10
NV11
NV12
NV13
NV14
NV16
NV17
NV17bis
NV18 bis
NV19
NV20
NV21NV22
NV24
NV25
NV26
NV3
NV30bis
NV31
NV32
NV33bis
NV34
NV35
NV37
NV38
NV39
NV40
NV41
NV42
NV43
NV44
NV45
NV46
NV47
NV48
NV49
NV5bis
NV50
NV51
NV52
NV53
NV54
NV55
NV56
NV57
NV58NV58bis
NV60
NV61 NV62
NV63
NV6
NV8
O4
P21
P6
Q2
R15
S1
S15
S19
S6
T10 bis
T12
V5
INF2
I22
NV61
P6
S6
INF8
M14
NV21
NV13
NV17bis
NV20
NV38
NV64
NV65
NV66
NV67
NV68
GEOPROBE - TRECATE
Position des sondages réalisés et contour de la contamination (500mg/kg) à la profondeur de 4, 6 et 10m en 2006 et 2007
Hydrocarbures peak-to-peak
10m 6m sondages refaits ou nouveaux en 2007piézomètres anciens sondages4m
m
B-A B-B B-C B-D B-E
B-F
B-G
B-H
B-I
B-J
B-K
B-L B-M
B-NB-O B-P
B-Q
B-S
B-W
B-X
P16
P21
A5B20
B22
B24
C10
C14
D34
E22
E32
FW-S-2
FW-V47-9
FW-V55-11
FW-V55-8
FW-V57-4
FW-V58-3
FW-V59-10
G3
I22
I7
INF1
INF10
INF11
INF12
INF2
INF3
INF4
INF5
INF6
INF7
INF8
INF9
M14
M22
M30
N2
N9
NV10
NV11
NV12
NV13
NV14
NV16
NV17
NV17bis
NV18 bis
NV19
NV20
NV21NV22
NV24
NV25
NV26
NV3
NV30bis
NV31
NV32
NV33bis
NV34
NV35
NV37
NV38
NV39
NV40
NV41
NV42
NV43
NV44
NV45
NV46
NV47
NV48
NV49
NV5bis
NV50
NV51
NV52
NV53
NV54
NV55
NV56
NV57
NV58NV58bis
NV60
NV61 NV62
NV63
NV6
NV8
O4
P21
P6
Q2
R15
S1
S15
S19
S6
T10 bis
T12
V5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
2006 2007
Extent of >500 mg/kg TPH 10 m 4 m 6 m
TR24
TR24
Geophysical detection of contaminants
The Trecate case – introduction
Geophysics at the Trecate site: structure
Geophysics at the Trecate site: contamination
Conclusions and outlook
Outline
B
A’
B’
A
Extent of >500 mg/kg TPH
4m
10m
contaminated line
blank line
0 20 40 60 80 100-15
-10
-5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100-8
-6
-4
-2
0
1.7 2.7 3.7
Distance (m)
( m)
50 500 5000
Distance (m)
Depth (m)
Depth (m)
B B’
B B’
ERT and GPR on blank line B
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000
400
800
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-15
-10
-5
0
Distance (m)
1.7 2.7 3.7
Distance (m)
( m)
50 500 5000
Distance (m)
Depth (m)
Depth (m)
A A’
A A’
ERT and GPR on contaminated line A
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Geoprobe data interpolation
TPH at 4m
depth (mg/kg)
FDEM electrical conductivity maps (6 m depth)
March 2011
March 2010
0 20 40 60 80 100 120-8
-6
-4
-2
0
H
H’
H
H’
H H’
Distance (m)
Depth (m)
High conductivity (low permeability?) channels acting as barriers for oil vertical migration
Structural control on contamination
Geophysical detection of contaminants
The Trecate case – introduction
Geophysics at the Trecate site: structure
Geophysics at the Trecate site: contamination
Conclusions and outlook
Outline
1479700 1479800 1479900 1480000 1480100
Easting (m)
5033200
5033300
5033400
5033500
5033600N
ort
hin
g (
m)
141.3
141.4
141.8
141.6
141.6
141.9
141.7
141.8
141.8
141.8
142.0
141.6
141.7
141.5
142.5
141.8
142.7
142.1
142.3
142.1
142.1
141.9
141.8
141.8
141.5
142.2
141.8
141.8
142.0
142.4
142.4
142.5
142.2
141.9
142.0
142.0
142.0
142.6
141.7
143.0
142.9
142.3
142.4
142.8
142.6
143.0
142.6
142.5
142.5
142.8
146.2
143.3
143.0
142.4
142.4
142.8
142.9
142.8
142.9
143.2
143.3
143.2
143.2
143.6
143.1
142.9
142.4
142.4
142.1
142.5
141.9
142.5
142.3
142.2
143.1
143.0
143.0
142.4
142.7
141.4
142.2
141.6
141.4
142.2
142.4
141.9
141.5
142.7
140.7
140.0
141.7
137.5
140.0
140.2
141.6
141.0
140.9
141.5
141.2
141.5
141.4
141.4
142.0
141.5
141.5
141.8
141.8
141.2
141.3
141.3
142.1
141.8
137.7
137.4
137.4
138.3
138.5
138.8
138.8
138.3
137.5
137.4
137.5
137.1
138.1
138.4
138.4
138.0
137.5
138.8
138.5
138.6
139.1
139.0
139.1
139.2139.2
140.4
140.4
140.4 140.3
139.3
139.4
139.8
139.4
139.3
139.3
139.1
139.4
139.7
139.7
139.4
140.1
140.3
139.4
140.8
140.7
140.4
140.1
140.2
140.0
140.2140.1
140.0
139.3
140.0
139.7
139.5
138.9
138.7
138.7
138.7
139.4
139.0
139.7
140.0
139.7
140.1
140.0
139.5
140.2
140.3
140.2
140.2
140.1
139.7
139.6
140.2
140.3
140.1
139.6
139.6
139.9
140.4
139.8
139.5
139.5
139.6
138.9
138.2
138.2
138.2
139.4
139.1
139.0
138.6
137.8
138.3
137.7
139.0
139.5
139.9
140.1
139.9
139.7 139.9
140.1
139.6
139.2
138.9
139.3
139.3
139.2
138.0
138.0137.4
137.4
139.4
139.4
140.7
140.4
139.6
140.2
139.8
139.6
139.8
140.3
140.1
140.5
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.6
140.1
139.7
139.8
139.9
139.9
139.9
139.9
140.2
140.3
139.8
140.4
140.9
140.0
140.4
141.3
140.4
141.1
140.7
140.4
140.2
140.3
140.3
140.4
140.7
140.9
140.8
140.5
141.1
141.7
141.2
141.3
140.4
140.7
140.7
140.8
140.9
140.8
141.2
140.6
141.0
140.9
140.5
140.8
140.3
140.0
140.5
140.8
140.6
140.9
141.1
141.2
141.1
141.5
141.2
141.2
141.2
141.2
141.3
142.8
141.6
141.5
141.7
141.6
141.7
141.9
141.8142.0
141.7
141.9
141.9
147.1
146.0
134.9
130.9
136.2
140.1
140.0
141.6
141.0
140.3
140.3
140.1
139.6
139.3
139.4
139.0
139.2
139.3
140.4
139.9
140.3
140.7
140.8
141.4
141.7
142.8
142.2 141.1140.9 141.0 140.8
140.5
140.5140.3
139.3
135.6
136.4
136.0
136.2
135.8
136.0
136.5
136.7
139.0
137.4
138.3
137.8
137.7
137.2
137.7
137.6
137.0
136.6
138.9
138.8
138.9
138.2
139.1
137.3
137.4
138.4
138.5
139.0
137.3137.6138.3
138.2
138.3
138.8
138.8
138.2
138.2
137.7
140.1
137.8
137.9
139.9
137.9
137.9
138.8
138.9
139.1
137.6
137.6
137.7
137.6
137.8
137.2
137.0
136.9
137.6
137.8
137.7137.9
137.7
137.2137.9
136.7
136.2
136.5
136.3
136.9
137.0
136.8
137.1
134.4
134.6
135.0
135.8
135.1
135.9
135.9
136.2
136.1
136.6
136.9
136.6
136.6
136.1
136.1
136.9
137.0
137.1
137.6
136.8
136.9
137.3
136.9
136.9
137.2136.6
137.3
137.5
137.2
137.0
136.3
136.7
137.5
137.4
137.3
136.8
136.4136.1
138.3
137.7
137.4
137.7
136.6
136.6
136.5
136.4136.7
137.1
137.9
139.2
139.2
138.9
138.3
138.3
138.0137.6
135.6
137.2
141.7
137.0
137.2
137.1
135.9
136.6
136.3
135.9
136.8
135.8
136.5
135.8
136.5
137.5
137.1
136.8
137.1
137.1
136.9
138.2
138.4
137.5
137.4
138.3
137.6
137.3
137.3
139.0
137.7
137.2
137.2
137.8
137.1
136.6
137.2
138.2
137.9
137.4
138.9
137.1
137.7
137.1
136.3
136.3
136.8
137.5
137.8
139.4
139.3
138.9
137.8
137.2
136.8
137.3
137.1
137.8
139.0
138.0
138.3
138.7
138.4
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.4
138.5
138.0
138.5
138.2
138.7
137.4
137.5
137.4137.2
138.2
138.3
138.4
138.6
138.4
138.2
138.7
138.7
138.6
138.5
138.6
138.8
138.8
138.1
138.2
138.8
138.8
138.2
138.5
138.4
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.8
138.7
138.9
138.7
139.2
139.1
138.4138.5
137.7
138.1
138.2
138.9
138.9
138.0
137.4
137.8
137.4
137.3
137.4
137.4
137.3
137.8
137.8
137.8
137.3
137.0
137.5
136.9
137.0
136.9
137.2
136.9
136.5
137.0
137.1
136.5
136.4
137.3
137.3 136.8
137.9
136.5
136.6
137.3
137.1
137.3
138.1
138.0
137.9
137.7
137.5
137.4
137.6
138.3
138.2
138.2
137.7
138.3
138.3
139.5
138.6
139.0
138.0
137.8
138.1
138.5
138.5
138.5138.0
139.6
139.2
139.1
139.3
139.3
139.0
138.4
138.6
139.1
139.4
138.9
139.2
138.9
139.2
138.7
138.7
138.5
138.1
137.9
137.8
138.2
138.0
138.2
139.4
139.3
139.2
138.2
137.0
137.5
137.3
138.0
137.7
137.8
136.9
137.4
139.0
137.6
138.1
139.1
138.8
137.3
136.6
136.0
137.3
137.0
136.3
136.7137.1
137.5
136.5
138.9
138.8
137.2
137.0
137.6
137.4
137.1
137.6
138.7
138.6
138.4
137.9
137.5
137.6
138.8
138.1
138.2
138.2
137.9
137.6
137.8
137.8
138.4
138.9
139.2
139.1 138.9
138.7
138.5
138.1
138.4
138.9
139.1
139.4
139.4
139.1
138.9
138.9
139.4
139.3
139.0
139.2
139.7
139.2
139.2
139.3
139.4
139.4
139.8
139.2
138.0
137.3
137.9
137.8
138.3
137.7
138.2
139.5
140.6
139.5
138.2
138.9
139.3
138.8
137.2137.9
137.9
137.7
138.0
137.9138.0
137.0
136.9
137.1
137.1
137.3
137.3
137.3
137.4
137.4
138.3
138.6138.5
137.7
139.0
138.5137.7
137.8
138.0
138.0
138.1
137.9
138.2
138.3
138.1
137.3
137.6
137.5
137.5
138.3
138.1
138.2
138.1
138.5
138.1
137.8
137.8
138.2
138.6
138.6
138.9
138.9
138.6
138.6
139.5
139.1
139.0
138.7
138.8
139.0
138.6
139.0
138.9
138.9
139.1
139.1
138.8
139.6
139.6
140.3
140.5
139.7
139.9
139.7
139.9
139.5
139.2
138.4
139.5
139.5
140.2
139.8
140.8
141.1
140.7
140.6
140.6
139.7
141.2
141.0
140.8
140.8
139.8
140.9
140.7
140.6
140.8
141.1
139.4
139.2
138.6
138.9
139.9
138.9
139.3
138.7
138.8
140.7
140.1
139.3
140.0
140.3
138.6
138.7
138.1
139.7
139.1
138.1
138.1137.8
138.3
138.0
137.8
138.0
139.2
139.9
140.0
139.8
139.8
140.8
141.6
141.1
141.1
140.8
140.9
139.9
139.7
139.0
140.0
141.5
141.5
140.0
136.5
134.4
134.5
135.1
135.1
135.1
134.8
134.4
134.6
135.0
135.1
134.3
135.8135.9
134.5
136.1
136.1
136.2
136.6
136.8
136.7
136.7
135.2
135.9
135.7
135.8
134.8
135.8
136.7
136.8
136.7
136.5
136.6
136.9
136.9
136.9
137.0
136.8
136.9
137.5
137.2
137.0
137.2
136.6
136.9
137.2
137.5 137.0
136.8
136.2
136.4
135.9
135.2
135.1
135.4
134.7
135.3
135.7
136.4
135.7
135.2
135.7
136.1
136.2
136.5
136.5
135.6
135.0
135.6
135.9
136.2
136.5
136.2
136.7
137.0
136.6
136.9
136.2
135.4
136.6
136.3
136.2
137.3
137.6
137.7
137.0 137.4
138.1
137.1
136.9
138.2
137.9
138.4
137.1
137.1
137.1
137.6
137.7
136.9
137.4
137.5
137.4
137.3
137.3
137.7
137.7
138.1
137.7
137.5
137.7
137.6
137.3
136.4
136.9
137.6
137.6
137.6
137.6
138.2
138.3
139.0
137.5
138.3
138.9
139.0
138.7
139.4
139.5
139.4
139.0
139.0
138.9
138.9
138.4
138.3
138.2
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.9
138.8
139.3
138.6
138.7
139.3
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.4
138.7
139.0
139.1
138.2
138.3
138.3138.1
138.2
139.0
139.6
139.0
139.0
138.5
138.5
138.5
138.5
139.0
139.0
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.9
139.6
139.4
139.0
139.1
139.1
139.0
139.1
139.2
139.5
139.3
139.1
139.3
139.5
139.5
139.6
139.6
140.4
141.0
139.6
138.8
138.5
139.3
140.0
140.2
140.3
137.2
137.1
135.1
137.8
137.4
136.4
135.7
137.3
137.3
137.5
137.3
140.9
137.3
137.2
137.5
137.9
138.3
138.1
137.7
137.7
136.7
137.1
136.6
137.1
137.4
137.3
137.0
138.4
137.9
137.4
136.9
136.8
137.1
137.1
137.0
137.1
136.4
136.0
136.0
135.7
137.0
137.0
136.5
136.3
135.9
136.4
135.6
135.6
135.9
135.8
135.8
136.7
136.3
136.2
135.8
135.8
135.8
136.7
135.8
135.9
135.6
137.1
137.2
136.5
136.4
136.3
136.2
136.2
136.4
137.1
137.1
137.1
136.2
136.1
136.4
136.9
138.4
138.3
138.4
137.2
137.4
136.7136.6
136.7
136.5
136.7
136.6
136.7
136.9
137.0
137.4
137.0
137.4
137.4
136.9
137.3
137.3
137.5
138.3
137.0
138.5
138.1
138.9
138.0
138.5
138.5
139.0
138.0
137.9
138.2
138.3
138.1
138.6
138.9
138.5
138.7
139.7
138.5
139.2
139.3
138.6
138.8
138.8
138.7
139.1
139.2
139.4
139.4
138.8
138.5
139.1
139.5
139.5
141.5
140.6
139.8
140.1
140.0
139.8
140.2
140.1
139.4
139.5
141.6
139.2
139.8
139.9
139.9
139.8
139.0
138.8138.8
138.9
139.7
139.2
139.5
138.9
139.0
138.8
138.9
139.2139.3
139.3
139.0
139.1
139.0
140.0
138.8
138.8
138.6
139.3
139.1
139.5
139.5
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.8
141.4
139.6
139.1
139.3
139.3
138.8
139.1
139.3140.2
140.6
140.3
140.0
140.7
140.4
140.4
141.2
138.4
139.4
138.4
139.4
138.7
139.3
139.9
139.5
139.6
138.7
139.1
138.7
139.2
139.5
140.4
140.7
140.4139.7
140.3
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.8
139.8
139.4
140.7
140.8
140.4
139.7
140.0
140.2
141.0
140.8
140.7
139.7
140.0
140.0140.0
139.9
140.7
140.6
140.2
140.0140.5
139.4
140.3
140.6
139.8
140.2
141.3
140.2
140.7
140.8
140.4
140.4
140.5140.8
140.3
140.1
140.5
140.7
141.0
140.6
140.6
141.1
140.7
140.5
140.9
141.0
140.8
141.0
141.0
141.0
141.1
141.6
141.9
142.1142.0
138.1
140.0
139.0
139.0
139.2
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.2
138.5
139.0
139.7
139.3
139.3
139.1
139.9
139.7
139.2
138.4
139.2
138.2
138.3
139.4
140.0
139.5
139.1
139.0
138.6
138.9
138.5
139.1
138.8
138.5
138.0
138.5
139.4
139.5
139.3
138.8
138.5
138.5
138.9
139.0
139.1
139.1
138.6
138.6
138.5
139.0
139.3
139.2
139.1
139.4
139.5
139.2
139.6
139.8
139.6
139.4
139.0
139.4
140.0
139.5
139.3
139.8
139.8
139.8140.2
139.9
139.8
139.4
139.6
140.0141.5
139.9
139.9
140.1
140.0
140.0
140.2140.1
139.8
139.8
141.0
140.7
140.1
139.8
139.2
140.0
140.0
140.0
141.3
141.1
139.9
140.5
141.7
139.8
140.0
140.4
140.8
139.7
139.7
141.1
140.9
140.3
141.0
140.6
140.6
140.7
139.9
141.1
140.9
140.7
141.2
141.3
141.4
140.9
140.7
140.6
140.6
140.8
140.7
141.1
140.9
140.9
140.8
141.4
141.0
140.7
140.8
140.8
140.8
140.7
141.1
140.9
141.0
141.0
140.8
140.8
140.6
141.3
141.1
140.8
141.1
141.2
142.7
142.5
141.7
141.7 141.5
141.7
141.7
142.6
141.5
141.6
141.5
141.4
141.0
141.0
141.5
141.7
141.5
141.2
141.3
140.9
141.5
141.2
141.5
141.7
141.9
141.4
141.3
141.2
141.2
141.4
141.4
141.2
142.3
142.0
141.7
141.0
141.3
141.5
141.4
141.7
140.8
140.5
140.5
140.8
140.6
141.0
140.6
140.5
140.4140.5
140.6
141.4
142.2
140.4
139.9
140.9
140.4
140.9
141.2
140.4
141.0
141.2141.3
141.3
141.3
141.8
141.4
141.4
141.3
142.4
141.7
142.0
141.5
141.4
141.4
141.4
142.1
142.2
141.9
141.9
141.6
141.4
140.9
141.0
141.2
140.4
140.7
140.8
140.6
140.8
141.0
141.1
141.1
141.3
141.4
141.0
141.0
141.1
140.8
141.4
142.0
142.2
141.4
141.6
142.0
141.9
141.9
141.8
141.7
141.7
141.4
141.3
141.4141.5
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.6
141.6
141.8
141.5
141.7
141.4
141.5
141.4
142.0
142.3
142.4
142.1
142.9 142.7
142.6
142.4
142.5
142.1
141.6
141.5
141.2
141.6
141.5
140.9
141.2
141.1
141.5
141.3
141.1
141.1
141.3
141.3
141.4
141.4
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.6
141.4
141.4
141.5
141.5
142.1141.8
141.9
141.9
AREA T24 LOGISTICA
CASCINACARDANA
LAGHETTOdepuratore
CASCINARONCATO
CASCINAFAUSTA
T24
0
5
10
15Conductivity(quadrature)
(mS/m)
modelPROBE Trecate
A2A3
A4A5
B1
B2
A’
B’
B
2011 SoilCAM boreholes
TRECATE
A
2009 SoilCAM boreholes
1479700 1479800 1479900 1480000 1480100
Easting (m)
5033200
5033300
5033400
5033500
5033600
Nort
hin
g (
m)
141.3
141.4
141.8
141.6
141.6
141.9
141.7
141.8
141.8
141.8
142.0
141.6
141.7
141.5
142.5
141.8
142.7
142.1
142.3
142.1
142.1
141.9
141.8
141.8
141.5
142.2
141.8
141.8
142.0
142.4
142.4
142.5
142.2
141.9
142.0
142.0
142.0
142.6
141.7
143.0
142.9
142.3
142.4
142.8
142.6
143.0
142.6
142.5
142.5
142.8
146.2
143.3
143.0
142.4
142.4
142.8
142.9
142.8
142.9
143.2
143.3
143.2
143.2
143.6
143.1
142.9
142.4
142.4
142.1
142.5
141.9
142.5
142.3
142.2
143.1
143.0
143.0
142.4
142.7
141.4
142.2
141.6
141.4
142.2
142.4
141.9
141.5
142.7
140.7
140.0
141.7
137.5
140.0
140.2
141.6
141.0
140.9
141.5
141.2
141.5
141.4
141.4
142.0
141.5
141.5
141.8
141.8
141.2
141.3
141.3
142.1
141.8
137.7
137.4
137.4
138.3
138.5
138.8
138.8
138.3
137.5
137.4
137.5
137.1
138.1
138.4
138.4
138.0
137.5
138.8
138.5
138.6
139.1
139.0
139.1
139.2139.2
140.4
140.4
140.4 140.3
139.3
139.4
139.8
139.4
139.3
139.3
139.1
139.4
139.7
139.7
139.4
140.1
140.3
139.4
140.8
140.7
140.4
140.1
140.2
140.0
140.2140.1
140.0
139.3
140.0
139.7
139.5
138.9
138.7
138.7
138.7
139.4
139.0
139.7
140.0
139.7
140.1
140.0
139.5
140.2
140.3
140.2
140.2
140.1
139.7
139.6
140.2
140.3
140.1
139.6
139.6
139.9
140.4
139.8
139.5
139.5
139.6
138.9
138.2
138.2
138.2
139.4
139.1
139.0
138.6
137.8
138.3
137.7
139.0
139.5
139.9
140.1
139.9
139.7 139.9
140.1
139.6
139.2
138.9
139.3
139.3
139.2
138.0
138.0137.4
137.4
139.4
139.4
140.7
140.4
139.6
140.2
139.8
139.6
139.8
140.3
140.1
140.5
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.6
140.1
139.7
139.8
139.9
139.9
139.9
139.9
140.2
140.3
139.8
140.4
140.9
140.0
140.4
141.3
140.4
141.1
140.7
140.4
140.2
140.3
140.3
140.4
140.7
140.9
140.8
140.5
141.1
141.7
141.2
141.3
140.4
140.7
140.7
140.8
140.9
140.8
141.2
140.6
141.0
140.9
140.5
140.8
140.3
140.0
140.5
140.8
140.6
140.9
141.1
141.2
141.1
141.5
141.2
141.2
141.2
141.2
141.3
142.8
141.6
141.5
141.7
141.6
141.7
141.9
141.8142.0
141.7
141.9
141.9
147.1
146.0
134.9
130.9
136.2
140.1
140.0
141.6
141.0
140.3
140.3
140.1
139.6
139.3
139.4
139.0
139.2
139.3
140.4
139.9
140.3
140.7
140.8
141.4
141.7
142.8
142.2 141.1140.9 141.0 140.8
140.5
140.5140.3
139.3
135.6
136.4
136.0
136.2
135.8
136.0
136.5
136.7
139.0
137.4
138.3
137.8
137.7
137.2
137.7
137.6
137.0
136.6
138.9
138.8
138.9
138.2
139.1
137.3
137.4
138.4
138.5
139.0
137.3137.6138.3
138.2
138.3
138.8
138.8
138.2
138.2
137.7
140.1
137.8
137.9
139.9
137.9
137.9
138.8
138.9
139.1
137.6
137.6
137.7
137.6
137.8
137.2
137.0
136.9
137.6
137.8
137.7137.9
137.7
137.2137.9
136.7
136.2
136.5
136.3
136.9
137.0
136.8
137.1
134.4
134.6
135.0
135.8
135.1
135.9
135.9
136.2
136.1
136.6
136.9
136.6
136.6
136.1
136.1
136.9
137.0
137.1
137.6
136.8
136.9
137.3
136.9
136.9
137.2136.6
137.3
137.5
137.2
137.0
136.3
136.7
137.5
137.4
137.3
136.8
136.4136.1
138.3
137.7
137.4
137.7
136.6
136.6
136.5
136.4136.7
137.1
137.9
139.2
139.2
138.9
138.3
138.3
138.0137.6
135.6
137.2
141.7
137.0
137.2
137.1
135.9
136.6
136.3
135.9
136.8
135.8
136.5
135.8
136.5
137.5
137.1
136.8
137.1
137.1
136.9
138.2
138.4
137.5
137.4
138.3
137.6
137.3
137.3
139.0
137.7
137.2
137.2
137.8
137.1
136.6
137.2
138.2
137.9
137.4
138.9
137.1
137.7
137.1
136.3
136.3
136.8
137.5
137.8
139.4
139.3
138.9
137.8
137.2
136.8
137.3
137.1
137.8
139.0
138.0
138.3
138.7
138.4
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.4
138.5
138.0
138.5
138.2
138.7
137.4
137.5
137.4137.2
138.2
138.3
138.4
138.6
138.4
138.2
138.7
138.7
138.6
138.5
138.6
138.8
138.8
138.1
138.2
138.8
138.8
138.2
138.5
138.4
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.8
138.7
138.9
138.7
139.2
139.1
138.4138.5
137.7
138.1
138.2
138.9
138.9
138.0
137.4
137.8
137.4
137.3
137.4
137.4
137.3
137.8
137.8
137.8
137.3
137.0
137.5
136.9
137.0
136.9
137.2
136.9
136.5
137.0
137.1
136.5
136.4
137.3
137.3 136.8
137.9
136.5
136.6
137.3
137.1
137.3
138.1
138.0
137.9
137.7
137.5
137.4
137.6
138.3
138.2
138.2
137.7
138.3
138.3
139.5
138.6
139.0
138.0
137.8
138.1
138.5
138.5
138.5138.0
139.6
139.2
139.1
139.3
139.3
139.0
138.4
138.6
139.1
139.4
138.9
139.2
138.9
139.2
138.7
138.7
138.5
138.1
137.9
137.8
138.2
138.0
138.2
139.4
139.3
139.2
138.2
137.0
137.5
137.3
138.0
137.7
137.8
136.9
137.4
139.0
137.6
138.1
139.1
138.8
137.3
136.6
136.0
137.3
137.0
136.3
136.7137.1
137.5
136.5
138.9
138.8
137.2
137.0
137.6
137.4
137.1
137.6
138.7
138.6
138.4
137.9
137.5
137.6
138.8
138.1
138.2
138.2
137.9
137.6
137.8
137.8
138.4
138.9
139.2
139.1 138.9
138.7
138.5
138.1
138.4
138.9
139.1
139.4
139.4
139.1
138.9
138.9
139.4
139.3
139.0
139.2
139.7
139.2
139.2
139.3
139.4
139.4
139.8
139.2
138.0
137.3
137.9
137.8
138.3
137.7
138.2
139.5
140.6
139.5
138.2
138.9
139.3
138.8
137.2137.9
137.9
137.7
138.0
137.9138.0
137.0
136.9
137.1
137.1
137.3
137.3
137.3
137.4
137.4
138.3
138.6138.5
137.7
139.0
138.5137.7
137.8
138.0
138.0
138.1
137.9
138.2
138.3
138.1
137.3
137.6
137.5
137.5
138.3
138.1
138.2
138.1
138.5
138.1
137.8
137.8
138.2
138.6
138.6
138.9
138.9
138.6
138.6
139.5
139.1
139.0
138.7
138.8
139.0
138.6
139.0
138.9
138.9
139.1
139.1
138.8
139.6
139.6
140.3
140.5
139.7
139.9
139.7
139.9
139.5
139.2
138.4
139.5
139.5
140.2
139.8
140.8
141.1
140.7
140.6
140.6
139.7
141.2
141.0
140.8
140.8
139.8
140.9
140.7
140.6
140.8
141.1
139.4
139.2
138.6
138.9
139.9
138.9
139.3
138.7
138.8
140.7
140.1
139.3
140.0
140.3
138.6
138.7
138.1
139.7
139.1
138.1
138.1137.8
138.3
138.0
137.8
138.0
139.2
139.9
140.0
139.8
139.8
140.8
141.6
141.1
141.1
140.8
140.9
139.9
139.7
139.0
140.0
141.5
141.5
140.0
136.5
134.4
134.5
135.1
135.1
135.1
134.8
134.4
134.6
135.0
135.1
134.3
135.8135.9
134.5
136.1
136.1
136.2
136.6
136.8
136.7
136.7
135.2
135.9
135.7
135.8
134.8
135.8
136.7
136.8
136.7
136.5
136.6
136.9
136.9
136.9
137.0
136.8
136.9
137.5
137.2
137.0
137.2
136.6
136.9
137.2
137.5 137.0
136.8
136.2
136.4
135.9
135.2
135.1
135.4
134.7
135.3
135.7
136.4
135.7
135.2
135.7
136.1
136.2
136.5
136.5
135.6
135.0
135.6
135.9
136.2
136.5
136.2
136.7
137.0
136.6
136.9
136.2
135.4
136.6
136.3
136.2
137.3
137.6
137.7
137.0 137.4
138.1
137.1
136.9
138.2
137.9
138.4
137.1
137.1
137.1
137.6
137.7
136.9
137.4
137.5
137.4
137.3
137.3
137.7
137.7
138.1
137.7
137.5
137.7
137.6
137.3
136.4
136.9
137.6
137.6
137.6
137.6
138.2
138.3
139.0
137.5
138.3
138.9
139.0
138.7
139.4
139.5
139.4
139.0
139.0
138.9
138.9
138.4
138.3
138.2
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.9
138.8
139.3
138.6
138.7
139.3
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.4
138.7
139.0
139.1
138.2
138.3
138.3138.1
138.2
139.0
139.6
139.0
139.0
138.5
138.5
138.5
138.5
139.0
139.0
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.9
139.6
139.4
139.0
139.1
139.1
139.0
139.1
139.2
139.5
139.3
139.1
139.3
139.5
139.5
139.6
139.6
140.4
141.0
139.6
138.8
138.5
139.3
140.0
140.2
140.3
137.2
137.1
135.1
137.8
137.4
136.4
135.7
137.3
137.3
137.5
137.3
140.9
137.3
137.2
137.5
137.9
138.3
138.1
137.7
137.7
136.7
137.1
136.6
137.1
137.4
137.3
137.0
138.4
137.9
137.4
136.9
136.8
137.1
137.1
137.0
137.1
136.4
136.0
136.0
135.7
137.0
137.0
136.5
136.3
135.9
136.4
135.6
135.6
135.9
135.8
135.8
136.7
136.3
136.2
135.8
135.8
135.8
136.7
135.8
135.9
135.6
137.1
137.2
136.5
136.4
136.3
136.2
136.2
136.4
137.1
137.1
137.1
136.2
136.1
136.4
136.9
138.4
138.3
138.4
137.2
137.4
136.7136.6
136.7
136.5
136.7
136.6
136.7
136.9
137.0
137.4
137.0
137.4
137.4
136.9
137.3
137.3
137.5
138.3
137.0
138.5
138.1
138.9
138.0
138.5
138.5
139.0
138.0
137.9
138.2
138.3
138.1
138.6
138.9
138.5
138.7
139.7
138.5
139.2
139.3
138.6
138.8
138.8
138.7
139.1
139.2
139.4
139.4
138.8
138.5
139.1
139.5
139.5
141.5
140.6
139.8
140.1
140.0
139.8
140.2
140.1
139.4
139.5
141.6
139.2
139.8
139.9
139.9
139.8
139.0
138.8138.8
138.9
139.7
139.2
139.5
138.9
139.0
138.8
138.9
139.2139.3
139.3
139.0
139.1
139.0
140.0
138.8
138.8
138.6
139.3
139.1
139.5
139.5
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.8
141.4
139.6
139.1
139.3
139.3
138.8
139.1
139.3140.2
140.6
140.3
140.0
140.7
140.4
140.4
141.2
138.4
139.4
138.4
139.4
138.7
139.3
139.9
139.5
139.6
138.7
139.1
138.7
139.2
139.5
140.4
140.7
140.4139.7
140.3
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.8
139.8
139.4
140.7
140.8
140.4
139.7
140.0
140.2
141.0
140.8
140.7
139.7
140.0
140.0140.0
139.9
140.7
140.6
140.2
140.0140.5
139.4
140.3
140.6
139.8
140.2
141.3
140.2
140.7
140.8
140.4
140.4
140.5140.8
140.3
140.1
140.5
140.7
141.0
140.6
140.6
141.1
140.7
140.5
140.9
141.0
140.8
141.0
141.0
141.0
141.1
141.6
141.9
142.1142.0
138.1
140.0
139.0
139.0
139.2
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.2
138.5
139.0
139.7
139.3
139.3
139.1
139.9
139.7
139.2
138.4
139.2
138.2
138.3
139.4
140.0
139.5
139.1
139.0
138.6
138.9
138.5
139.1
138.8
138.5
138.0
138.5
139.4
139.5
139.3
138.8
138.5
138.5
138.9
139.0
139.1
139.1
138.6
138.6
138.5
139.0
139.3
139.2
139.1
139.4
139.5
139.2
139.6
139.8
139.6
139.4
139.0
139.4
140.0
139.5
139.3
139.8
139.8
139.8140.2
139.9
139.8
139.4
139.6
140.0141.5
139.9
139.9
140.1
140.0
140.0
140.2140.1
139.8
139.8
141.0
140.7
140.1
139.8
139.2
140.0
140.0
140.0
141.3
141.1
139.9
140.5
141.7
139.8
140.0
140.4
140.8
139.7
139.7
141.1
140.9
140.3
141.0
140.6
140.6
140.7
139.9
141.1
140.9
140.7
141.2
141.3
141.4
140.9
140.7
140.6
140.6
140.8
140.7
141.1
140.9
140.9
140.8
141.4
141.0
140.7
140.8
140.8
140.8
140.7
141.1
140.9
141.0
141.0
140.8
140.8
140.6
141.3
141.1
140.8
141.1
141.2
142.7
142.5
141.7
141.7 141.5
141.7
141.7
142.6
141.5
141.6
141.5
141.4
141.0
141.0
141.5
141.7
141.5
141.2
141.3
140.9
141.5
141.2
141.5
141.7
141.9
141.4
141.3
141.2
141.2
141.4
141.4
141.2
142.3
142.0
141.7
141.0
141.3
141.5
141.4
141.7
140.8
140.5
140.5
140.8
140.6
141.0
140.6
140.5
140.4140.5
140.6
141.4
142.2
140.4
139.9
140.9
140.4
140.9
141.2
140.4
141.0
141.2141.3
141.3
141.3
141.8
141.4
141.4
141.3
142.4
141.7
142.0
141.5
141.4
141.4
141.4
142.1
142.2
141.9
141.9
141.6
141.4
140.9
141.0
141.2
140.4
140.7
140.8
140.6
140.8
141.0
141.1
141.1
141.3
141.4
141.0
141.0
141.1
140.8
141.4
142.0
142.2
141.4
141.6
142.0
141.9
141.9
141.8
141.7
141.7
141.4
141.3
141.4141.5
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.6
141.6
141.8
141.5
141.7
141.4
141.5
141.4
142.0
142.3
142.4
142.1
142.9 142.7
142.6
142.4
142.5
142.1
141.6
141.5
141.2
141.6
141.5
140.9
141.2
141.1
141.5
141.3
141.1
141.1
141.3
141.3
141.4
141.4
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.6
141.4
141.4
141.5
141.5
142.1141.8
141.9
141.9
AREA T24 LOGISTICA
CASCINACARDANA
LAGHETTOdepuratore
CASCINARONCATO
CASCINAFAUSTA
T24
0
5
10
15Conductivity(quadrature)
(mS/m)
modelPROBE Trecate
A2A3
A4A5
B1
B2
2009 SoilCAM boreholes
Boreholes permanently equipped with
electrodes for ERT,
used also for cross-hole GPR
ERT MOG GPR ZOP GPR
MOG ERT
2009 Soilcam boreholes Cross borehole radar (Sep 2009) and ERT (June 2009)
wat
er t
able
wat
er t
able
MARCH 2011
2011 Soilcam boreholes
(uncontaminated)
water table
2009 Soilcam boreholes
(contaminated) ZOP GPR
water table
contaminated uncontaminated
Yearly water table oscillation range
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
theta (-)
20
16
12
8
4
0
dep
th (
m)
March 2011
September 2009
November 2011
November 2011: water table at 11.50 m at old SoilCAM boreholes
September 2009: water table around 6.50 m
at old SoilCAM boreholes
uncontaminated
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
theta (-)
20
16
12
8
4
0
de
pth
(m
)
March 2011
November 2011
September 2012
water table at 10.20 m
water table at 7.87 m
water table at 9.50 m
Contamination at 2009 Soilcam boreholes
1479700 1479800 1479900 1480000 1480100
Easting (m)
5033200
5033300
5033400
5033500
5033600
Nort
hin
g (
m)
141.3
141.4
141.8
141.6
141.6
141.9
141.7
141.8
141.8
141.8
142.0
141.6
141.7
141.5
142.5
141.8
142.7
142.1
142.3
142.1
142.1
141.9
141.8
141.8
141.5
142.2
141.8
141.8
142.0
142.4
142.4
142.5
142.2
141.9
142.0
142.0
142.0
142.6
141.7
143.0
142.9
142.3
142.4
142.8
142.6
143.0
142.6
142.5
142.5
142.8
146.2
143.3
143.0
142.4
142.4
142.8
142.9
142.8
142.9
143.2
143.3
143.2
143.2
143.6
143.1
142.9
142.4
142.4
142.1
142.5
141.9
142.5
142.3
142.2
143.1
143.0
143.0
142.4
142.7
141.4
142.2
141.6
141.4
142.2
142.4
141.9
141.5
142.7
140.7
140.0
141.7
137.5
140.0
140.2
141.6
141.0
140.9
141.5
141.2
141.5
141.4
141.4
142.0
141.5
141.5
141.8
141.8
141.2
141.3
141.3
142.1
141.8
137.7
137.4
137.4
138.3
138.5
138.8
138.8
138.3
137.5
137.4
137.5
137.1
138.1
138.4
138.4
138.0
137.5
138.8
138.5
138.6
139.1
139.0
139.1
139.2139.2
140.4
140.4
140.4 140.3
139.3
139.4
139.8
139.4
139.3
139.3
139.1
139.4
139.7
139.7
139.4
140.1
140.3
139.4
140.8
140.7
140.4
140.1
140.2
140.0
140.2140.1
140.0
139.3
140.0
139.7
139.5
138.9
138.7
138.7
138.7
139.4
139.0
139.7
140.0
139.7
140.1
140.0
139.5
140.2
140.3
140.2
140.2
140.1
139.7
139.6
140.2
140.3
140.1
139.6
139.6
139.9
140.4
139.8
139.5
139.5
139.6
138.9
138.2
138.2
138.2
139.4
139.1
139.0
138.6
137.8
138.3
137.7
139.0
139.5
139.9
140.1
139.9
139.7 139.9
140.1
139.6
139.2
138.9
139.3
139.3
139.2
138.0
138.0137.4
137.4
139.4
139.4
140.7
140.4
139.6
140.2
139.8
139.6
139.8
140.3
140.1
140.5
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.6
140.1
139.7
139.8
139.9
139.9
139.9
139.9
140.2
140.3
139.8
140.4
140.9
140.0
140.4
141.3
140.4
141.1
140.7
140.4
140.2
140.3
140.3
140.4
140.7
140.9
140.8
140.5
141.1
141.7
141.2
141.3
140.4
140.7
140.7
140.8
140.9
140.8
141.2
140.6
141.0
140.9
140.5
140.8
140.3
140.0
140.5
140.8
140.6
140.9
141.1
141.2
141.1
141.5
141.2
141.2
141.2
141.2
141.3
142.8
141.6
141.5
141.7
141.6
141.7
141.9
141.8142.0
141.7
141.9
141.9
147.1
146.0
134.9
130.9
136.2
140.1
140.0
141.6
141.0
140.3
140.3
140.1
139.6
139.3
139.4
139.0
139.2
139.3
140.4
139.9
140.3
140.7
140.8
141.4
141.7
142.8
142.2 141.1140.9 141.0 140.8
140.5
140.5140.3
139.3
135.6
136.4
136.0
136.2
135.8
136.0
136.5
136.7
139.0
137.4
138.3
137.8
137.7
137.2
137.7
137.6
137.0
136.6
138.9
138.8
138.9
138.2
139.1
137.3
137.4
138.4
138.5
139.0
137.3137.6138.3
138.2
138.3
138.8
138.8
138.2
138.2
137.7
140.1
137.8
137.9
139.9
137.9
137.9
138.8
138.9
139.1
137.6
137.6
137.7
137.6
137.8
137.2
137.0
136.9
137.6
137.8
137.7137.9
137.7
137.2137.9
136.7
136.2
136.5
136.3
136.9
137.0
136.8
137.1
134.4
134.6
135.0
135.8
135.1
135.9
135.9
136.2
136.1
136.6
136.9
136.6
136.6
136.1
136.1
136.9
137.0
137.1
137.6
136.8
136.9
137.3
136.9
136.9
137.2136.6
137.3
137.5
137.2
137.0
136.3
136.7
137.5
137.4
137.3
136.8
136.4136.1
138.3
137.7
137.4
137.7
136.6
136.6
136.5
136.4136.7
137.1
137.9
139.2
139.2
138.9
138.3
138.3
138.0137.6
135.6
137.2
141.7
137.0
137.2
137.1
135.9
136.6
136.3
135.9
136.8
135.8
136.5
135.8
136.5
137.5
137.1
136.8
137.1
137.1
136.9
138.2
138.4
137.5
137.4
138.3
137.6
137.3
137.3
139.0
137.7
137.2
137.2
137.8
137.1
136.6
137.2
138.2
137.9
137.4
138.9
137.1
137.7
137.1
136.3
136.3
136.8
137.5
137.8
139.4
139.3
138.9
137.8
137.2
136.8
137.3
137.1
137.8
139.0
138.0
138.3
138.7
138.4
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.4
138.5
138.0
138.5
138.2
138.7
137.4
137.5
137.4137.2
138.2
138.3
138.4
138.6
138.4
138.2
138.7
138.7
138.6
138.5
138.6
138.8
138.8
138.1
138.2
138.8
138.8
138.2
138.5
138.4
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.8
138.7
138.9
138.7
139.2
139.1
138.4138.5
137.7
138.1
138.2
138.9
138.9
138.0
137.4
137.8
137.4
137.3
137.4
137.4
137.3
137.8
137.8
137.8
137.3
137.0
137.5
136.9
137.0
136.9
137.2
136.9
136.5
137.0
137.1
136.5
136.4
137.3
137.3 136.8
137.9
136.5
136.6
137.3
137.1
137.3
138.1
138.0
137.9
137.7
137.5
137.4
137.6
138.3
138.2
138.2
137.7
138.3
138.3
139.5
138.6
139.0
138.0
137.8
138.1
138.5
138.5
138.5138.0
139.6
139.2
139.1
139.3
139.3
139.0
138.4
138.6
139.1
139.4
138.9
139.2
138.9
139.2
138.7
138.7
138.5
138.1
137.9
137.8
138.2
138.0
138.2
139.4
139.3
139.2
138.2
137.0
137.5
137.3
138.0
137.7
137.8
136.9
137.4
139.0
137.6
138.1
139.1
138.8
137.3
136.6
136.0
137.3
137.0
136.3
136.7137.1
137.5
136.5
138.9
138.8
137.2
137.0
137.6
137.4
137.1
137.6
138.7
138.6
138.4
137.9
137.5
137.6
138.8
138.1
138.2
138.2
137.9
137.6
137.8
137.8
138.4
138.9
139.2
139.1 138.9
138.7
138.5
138.1
138.4
138.9
139.1
139.4
139.4
139.1
138.9
138.9
139.4
139.3
139.0
139.2
139.7
139.2
139.2
139.3
139.4
139.4
139.8
139.2
138.0
137.3
137.9
137.8
138.3
137.7
138.2
139.5
140.6
139.5
138.2
138.9
139.3
138.8
137.2137.9
137.9
137.7
138.0
137.9138.0
137.0
136.9
137.1
137.1
137.3
137.3
137.3
137.4
137.4
138.3
138.6138.5
137.7
139.0
138.5137.7
137.8
138.0
138.0
138.1
137.9
138.2
138.3
138.1
137.3
137.6
137.5
137.5
138.3
138.1
138.2
138.1
138.5
138.1
137.8
137.8
138.2
138.6
138.6
138.9
138.9
138.6
138.6
139.5
139.1
139.0
138.7
138.8
139.0
138.6
139.0
138.9
138.9
139.1
139.1
138.8
139.6
139.6
140.3
140.5
139.7
139.9
139.7
139.9
139.5
139.2
138.4
139.5
139.5
140.2
139.8
140.8
141.1
140.7
140.6
140.6
139.7
141.2
141.0
140.8
140.8
139.8
140.9
140.7
140.6
140.8
141.1
139.4
139.2
138.6
138.9
139.9
138.9
139.3
138.7
138.8
140.7
140.1
139.3
140.0
140.3
138.6
138.7
138.1
139.7
139.1
138.1
138.1137.8
138.3
138.0
137.8
138.0
139.2
139.9
140.0
139.8
139.8
140.8
141.6
141.1
141.1
140.8
140.9
139.9
139.7
139.0
140.0
141.5
141.5
140.0
136.5
134.4
134.5
135.1
135.1
135.1
134.8
134.4
134.6
135.0
135.1
134.3
135.8135.9
134.5
136.1
136.1
136.2
136.6
136.8
136.7
136.7
135.2
135.9
135.7
135.8
134.8
135.8
136.7
136.8
136.7
136.5
136.6
136.9
136.9
136.9
137.0
136.8
136.9
137.5
137.2
137.0
137.2
136.6
136.9
137.2
137.5 137.0
136.8
136.2
136.4
135.9
135.2
135.1
135.4
134.7
135.3
135.7
136.4
135.7
135.2
135.7
136.1
136.2
136.5
136.5
135.6
135.0
135.6
135.9
136.2
136.5
136.2
136.7
137.0
136.6
136.9
136.2
135.4
136.6
136.3
136.2
137.3
137.6
137.7
137.0 137.4
138.1
137.1
136.9
138.2
137.9
138.4
137.1
137.1
137.1
137.6
137.7
136.9
137.4
137.5
137.4
137.3
137.3
137.7
137.7
138.1
137.7
137.5
137.7
137.6
137.3
136.4
136.9
137.6
137.6
137.6
137.6
138.2
138.3
139.0
137.5
138.3
138.9
139.0
138.7
139.4
139.5
139.4
139.0
139.0
138.9
138.9
138.4
138.3
138.2
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.9
138.8
139.3
138.6
138.7
139.3
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.4
138.7
139.0
139.1
138.2
138.3
138.3138.1
138.2
139.0
139.6
139.0
139.0
138.5
138.5
138.5
138.5
139.0
139.0
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.9
139.6
139.4
139.0
139.1
139.1
139.0
139.1
139.2
139.5
139.3
139.1
139.3
139.5
139.5
139.6
139.6
140.4
141.0
139.6
138.8
138.5
139.3
140.0
140.2
140.3
137.2
137.1
135.1
137.8
137.4
136.4
135.7
137.3
137.3
137.5
137.3
140.9
137.3
137.2
137.5
137.9
138.3
138.1
137.7
137.7
136.7
137.1
136.6
137.1
137.4
137.3
137.0
138.4
137.9
137.4
136.9
136.8
137.1
137.1
137.0
137.1
136.4
136.0
136.0
135.7
137.0
137.0
136.5
136.3
135.9
136.4
135.6
135.6
135.9
135.8
135.8
136.7
136.3
136.2
135.8
135.8
135.8
136.7
135.8
135.9
135.6
137.1
137.2
136.5
136.4
136.3
136.2
136.2
136.4
137.1
137.1
137.1
136.2
136.1
136.4
136.9
138.4
138.3
138.4
137.2
137.4
136.7136.6
136.7
136.5
136.7
136.6
136.7
136.9
137.0
137.4
137.0
137.4
137.4
136.9
137.3
137.3
137.5
138.3
137.0
138.5
138.1
138.9
138.0
138.5
138.5
139.0
138.0
137.9
138.2
138.3
138.1
138.6
138.9
138.5
138.7
139.7
138.5
139.2
139.3
138.6
138.8
138.8
138.7
139.1
139.2
139.4
139.4
138.8
138.5
139.1
139.5
139.5
141.5
140.6
139.8
140.1
140.0
139.8
140.2
140.1
139.4
139.5
141.6
139.2
139.8
139.9
139.9
139.8
139.0
138.8138.8
138.9
139.7
139.2
139.5
138.9
139.0
138.8
138.9
139.2139.3
139.3
139.0
139.1
139.0
140.0
138.8
138.8
138.6
139.3
139.1
139.5
139.5
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.8
141.4
139.6
139.1
139.3
139.3
138.8
139.1
139.3140.2
140.6
140.3
140.0
140.7
140.4
140.4
141.2
138.4
139.4
138.4
139.4
138.7
139.3
139.9
139.5
139.6
138.7
139.1
138.7
139.2
139.5
140.4
140.7
140.4139.7
140.3
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.8
139.8
139.4
140.7
140.8
140.4
139.7
140.0
140.2
141.0
140.8
140.7
139.7
140.0
140.0140.0
139.9
140.7
140.6
140.2
140.0140.5
139.4
140.3
140.6
139.8
140.2
141.3
140.2
140.7
140.8
140.4
140.4
140.5140.8
140.3
140.1
140.5
140.7
141.0
140.6
140.6
141.1
140.7
140.5
140.9
141.0
140.8
141.0
141.0
141.0
141.1
141.6
141.9
142.1142.0
138.1
140.0
139.0
139.0
139.2
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.2
138.5
139.0
139.7
139.3
139.3
139.1
139.9
139.7
139.2
138.4
139.2
138.2
138.3
139.4
140.0
139.5
139.1
139.0
138.6
138.9
138.5
139.1
138.8
138.5
138.0
138.5
139.4
139.5
139.3
138.8
138.5
138.5
138.9
139.0
139.1
139.1
138.6
138.6
138.5
139.0
139.3
139.2
139.1
139.4
139.5
139.2
139.6
139.8
139.6
139.4
139.0
139.4
140.0
139.5
139.3
139.8
139.8
139.8140.2
139.9
139.8
139.4
139.6
140.0141.5
139.9
139.9
140.1
140.0
140.0
140.2140.1
139.8
139.8
141.0
140.7
140.1
139.8
139.2
140.0
140.0
140.0
141.3
141.1
139.9
140.5
141.7
139.8
140.0
140.4
140.8
139.7
139.7
141.1
140.9
140.3
141.0
140.6
140.6
140.7
139.9
141.1
140.9
140.7
141.2
141.3
141.4
140.9
140.7
140.6
140.6
140.8
140.7
141.1
140.9
140.9
140.8
141.4
141.0
140.7
140.8
140.8
140.8
140.7
141.1
140.9
141.0
141.0
140.8
140.8
140.6
141.3
141.1
140.8
141.1
141.2
142.7
142.5
141.7
141.7 141.5
141.7
141.7
142.6
141.5
141.6
141.5
141.4
141.0
141.0
141.5
141.7
141.5
141.2
141.3
140.9
141.5
141.2
141.5
141.7
141.9
141.4
141.3
141.2
141.2
141.4
141.4
141.2
142.3
142.0
141.7
141.0
141.3
141.5
141.4
141.7
140.8
140.5
140.5
140.8
140.6
141.0
140.6
140.5
140.4140.5
140.6
141.4
142.2
140.4
139.9
140.9
140.4
140.9
141.2
140.4
141.0
141.2141.3
141.3
141.3
141.8
141.4
141.4
141.3
142.4
141.7
142.0
141.5
141.4
141.4
141.4
142.1
142.2
141.9
141.9
141.6
141.4
140.9
141.0
141.2
140.4
140.7
140.8
140.6
140.8
141.0
141.1
141.1
141.3
141.4
141.0
141.0
141.1
140.8
141.4
142.0
142.2
141.4
141.6
142.0
141.9
141.9
141.8
141.7
141.7
141.4
141.3
141.4141.5
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.6
141.6
141.8
141.5
141.7
141.4
141.5
141.4
142.0
142.3
142.4
142.1
142.9 142.7
142.6
142.4
142.5
142.1
141.6
141.5
141.2
141.6
141.5
140.9
141.2
141.1
141.5
141.3
141.1
141.1
141.3
141.3
141.4
141.4
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.6
141.4
141.4
141.5
141.5
142.1141.8
141.9
141.9
AREA T24 LOGISTICA
CASCINACARDANA
LAGHETTOdepuratore
CASCINARONCATO
CASCINAFAUSTA
T24
0
5
10
15Conductivity(quadrature)
(mS/m)
modelPROBE Trecate
A2A3
A4A5
B1
B2
2009 SoilCAM boreholes
1479700 1479800 1479900 1480000 1480100
Easting (m)
5033200
5033300
5033400
5033500
5033600
Nort
hin
g (
m)
141.3
141.4
141.8
141.6
141.6
141.9
141.7
141.8
141.8
141.8
142.0
141.6
141.7
141.5
142.5
141.8
142.7
142.1
142.3
142.1
142.1
141.9
141.8
141.8
141.5
142.2
141.8
141.8
142.0
142.4
142.4
142.5
142.2
141.9
142.0
142.0
142.0
142.6
141.7
143.0
142.9
142.3
142.4
142.8
142.6
143.0
142.6
142.5
142.5
142.8
146.2
143.3
143.0
142.4
142.4
142.8
142.9
142.8
142.9
143.2
143.3
143.2
143.2
143.6
143.1
142.9
142.4
142.4
142.1
142.5
141.9
142.5
142.3
142.2
143.1
143.0
143.0
142.4
142.7
141.4
142.2
141.6
141.4
142.2
142.4
141.9
141.5
142.7
140.7
140.0
141.7
137.5
140.0
140.2
141.6
141.0
140.9
141.5
141.2
141.5
141.4
141.4
142.0
141.5
141.5
141.8
141.8
141.2
141.3
141.3
142.1
141.8
137.7
137.4
137.4
138.3
138.5
138.8
138.8
138.3
137.5
137.4
137.5
137.1
138.1
138.4
138.4
138.0
137.5
138.8
138.5
138.6
139.1
139.0
139.1
139.2139.2
140.4
140.4
140.4 140.3
139.3
139.4
139.8
139.4
139.3
139.3
139.1
139.4
139.7
139.7
139.4
140.1
140.3
139.4
140.8
140.7
140.4
140.1
140.2
140.0
140.2140.1
140.0
139.3
140.0
139.7
139.5
138.9
138.7
138.7
138.7
139.4
139.0
139.7
140.0
139.7
140.1
140.0
139.5
140.2
140.3
140.2
140.2
140.1
139.7
139.6
140.2
140.3
140.1
139.6
139.6
139.9
140.4
139.8
139.5
139.5
139.6
138.9
138.2
138.2
138.2
139.4
139.1
139.0
138.6
137.8
138.3
137.7
139.0
139.5
139.9
140.1
139.9
139.7 139.9
140.1
139.6
139.2
138.9
139.3
139.3
139.2
138.0
138.0137.4
137.4
139.4
139.4
140.7
140.4
139.6
140.2
139.8
139.6
139.8
140.3
140.1
140.5
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.6
140.1
139.7
139.8
139.9
139.9
139.9
139.9
140.2
140.3
139.8
140.4
140.9
140.0
140.4
141.3
140.4
141.1
140.7
140.4
140.2
140.3
140.3
140.4
140.7
140.9
140.8
140.5
141.1
141.7
141.2
141.3
140.4
140.7
140.7
140.8
140.9
140.8
141.2
140.6
141.0
140.9
140.5
140.8
140.3
140.0
140.5
140.8
140.6
140.9
141.1
141.2
141.1
141.5
141.2
141.2
141.2
141.2
141.3
142.8
141.6
141.5
141.7
141.6
141.7
141.9
141.8142.0
141.7
141.9
141.9
147.1
146.0
134.9
130.9
136.2
140.1
140.0
141.6
141.0
140.3
140.3
140.1
139.6
139.3
139.4
139.0
139.2
139.3
140.4
139.9
140.3
140.7
140.8
141.4
141.7
142.8
142.2 141.1140.9 141.0 140.8
140.5
140.5140.3
139.3
135.6
136.4
136.0
136.2
135.8
136.0
136.5
136.7
139.0
137.4
138.3
137.8
137.7
137.2
137.7
137.6
137.0
136.6
138.9
138.8
138.9
138.2
139.1
137.3
137.4
138.4
138.5
139.0
137.3137.6138.3
138.2
138.3
138.8
138.8
138.2
138.2
137.7
140.1
137.8
137.9
139.9
137.9
137.9
138.8
138.9
139.1
137.6
137.6
137.7
137.6
137.8
137.2
137.0
136.9
137.6
137.8
137.7137.9
137.7
137.2137.9
136.7
136.2
136.5
136.3
136.9
137.0
136.8
137.1
134.4
134.6
135.0
135.8
135.1
135.9
135.9
136.2
136.1
136.6
136.9
136.6
136.6
136.1
136.1
136.9
137.0
137.1
137.6
136.8
136.9
137.3
136.9
136.9
137.2136.6
137.3
137.5
137.2
137.0
136.3
136.7
137.5
137.4
137.3
136.8
136.4136.1
138.3
137.7
137.4
137.7
136.6
136.6
136.5
136.4136.7
137.1
137.9
139.2
139.2
138.9
138.3
138.3
138.0137.6
135.6
137.2
141.7
137.0
137.2
137.1
135.9
136.6
136.3
135.9
136.8
135.8
136.5
135.8
136.5
137.5
137.1
136.8
137.1
137.1
136.9
138.2
138.4
137.5
137.4
138.3
137.6
137.3
137.3
139.0
137.7
137.2
137.2
137.8
137.1
136.6
137.2
138.2
137.9
137.4
138.9
137.1
137.7
137.1
136.3
136.3
136.8
137.5
137.8
139.4
139.3
138.9
137.8
137.2
136.8
137.3
137.1
137.8
139.0
138.0
138.3
138.7
138.4
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.4
138.5
138.0
138.5
138.2
138.7
137.4
137.5
137.4137.2
138.2
138.3
138.4
138.6
138.4
138.2
138.7
138.7
138.6
138.5
138.6
138.8
138.8
138.1
138.2
138.8
138.8
138.2
138.5
138.4
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.8
138.7
138.9
138.7
139.2
139.1
138.4138.5
137.7
138.1
138.2
138.9
138.9
138.0
137.4
137.8
137.4
137.3
137.4
137.4
137.3
137.8
137.8
137.8
137.3
137.0
137.5
136.9
137.0
136.9
137.2
136.9
136.5
137.0
137.1
136.5
136.4
137.3
137.3 136.8
137.9
136.5
136.6
137.3
137.1
137.3
138.1
138.0
137.9
137.7
137.5
137.4
137.6
138.3
138.2
138.2
137.7
138.3
138.3
139.5
138.6
139.0
138.0
137.8
138.1
138.5
138.5
138.5138.0
139.6
139.2
139.1
139.3
139.3
139.0
138.4
138.6
139.1
139.4
138.9
139.2
138.9
139.2
138.7
138.7
138.5
138.1
137.9
137.8
138.2
138.0
138.2
139.4
139.3
139.2
138.2
137.0
137.5
137.3
138.0
137.7
137.8
136.9
137.4
139.0
137.6
138.1
139.1
138.8
137.3
136.6
136.0
137.3
137.0
136.3
136.7137.1
137.5
136.5
138.9
138.8
137.2
137.0
137.6
137.4
137.1
137.6
138.7
138.6
138.4
137.9
137.5
137.6
138.8
138.1
138.2
138.2
137.9
137.6
137.8
137.8
138.4
138.9
139.2
139.1 138.9
138.7
138.5
138.1
138.4
138.9
139.1
139.4
139.4
139.1
138.9
138.9
139.4
139.3
139.0
139.2
139.7
139.2
139.2
139.3
139.4
139.4
139.8
139.2
138.0
137.3
137.9
137.8
138.3
137.7
138.2
139.5
140.6
139.5
138.2
138.9
139.3
138.8
137.2137.9
137.9
137.7
138.0
137.9138.0
137.0
136.9
137.1
137.1
137.3
137.3
137.3
137.4
137.4
138.3
138.6138.5
137.7
139.0
138.5137.7
137.8
138.0
138.0
138.1
137.9
138.2
138.3
138.1
137.3
137.6
137.5
137.5
138.3
138.1
138.2
138.1
138.5
138.1
137.8
137.8
138.2
138.6
138.6
138.9
138.9
138.6
138.6
139.5
139.1
139.0
138.7
138.8
139.0
138.6
139.0
138.9
138.9
139.1
139.1
138.8
139.6
139.6
140.3
140.5
139.7
139.9
139.7
139.9
139.5
139.2
138.4
139.5
139.5
140.2
139.8
140.8
141.1
140.7
140.6
140.6
139.7
141.2
141.0
140.8
140.8
139.8
140.9
140.7
140.6
140.8
141.1
139.4
139.2
138.6
138.9
139.9
138.9
139.3
138.7
138.8
140.7
140.1
139.3
140.0
140.3
138.6
138.7
138.1
139.7
139.1
138.1
138.1137.8
138.3
138.0
137.8
138.0
139.2
139.9
140.0
139.8
139.8
140.8
141.6
141.1
141.1
140.8
140.9
139.9
139.7
139.0
140.0
141.5
141.5
140.0
136.5
134.4
134.5
135.1
135.1
135.1
134.8
134.4
134.6
135.0
135.1
134.3
135.8135.9
134.5
136.1
136.1
136.2
136.6
136.8
136.7
136.7
135.2
135.9
135.7
135.8
134.8
135.8
136.7
136.8
136.7
136.5
136.6
136.9
136.9
136.9
137.0
136.8
136.9
137.5
137.2
137.0
137.2
136.6
136.9
137.2
137.5 137.0
136.8
136.2
136.4
135.9
135.2
135.1
135.4
134.7
135.3
135.7
136.4
135.7
135.2
135.7
136.1
136.2
136.5
136.5
135.6
135.0
135.6
135.9
136.2
136.5
136.2
136.7
137.0
136.6
136.9
136.2
135.4
136.6
136.3
136.2
137.3
137.6
137.7
137.0 137.4
138.1
137.1
136.9
138.2
137.9
138.4
137.1
137.1
137.1
137.6
137.7
136.9
137.4
137.5
137.4
137.3
137.3
137.7
137.7
138.1
137.7
137.5
137.7
137.6
137.3
136.4
136.9
137.6
137.6
137.6
137.6
138.2
138.3
139.0
137.5
138.3
138.9
139.0
138.7
139.4
139.5
139.4
139.0
139.0
138.9
138.9
138.4
138.3
138.2
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.9
138.8
139.3
138.6
138.7
139.3
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.4
138.7
139.0
139.1
138.2
138.3
138.3138.1
138.2
139.0
139.6
139.0
139.0
138.5
138.5
138.5
138.5
139.0
139.0
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.9
139.6
139.4
139.0
139.1
139.1
139.0
139.1
139.2
139.5
139.3
139.1
139.3
139.5
139.5
139.6
139.6
140.4
141.0
139.6
138.8
138.5
139.3
140.0
140.2
140.3
137.2
137.1
135.1
137.8
137.4
136.4
135.7
137.3
137.3
137.5
137.3
140.9
137.3
137.2
137.5
137.9
138.3
138.1
137.7
137.7
136.7
137.1
136.6
137.1
137.4
137.3
137.0
138.4
137.9
137.4
136.9
136.8
137.1
137.1
137.0
137.1
136.4
136.0
136.0
135.7
137.0
137.0
136.5
136.3
135.9
136.4
135.6
135.6
135.9
135.8
135.8
136.7
136.3
136.2
135.8
135.8
135.8
136.7
135.8
135.9
135.6
137.1
137.2
136.5
136.4
136.3
136.2
136.2
136.4
137.1
137.1
137.1
136.2
136.1
136.4
136.9
138.4
138.3
138.4
137.2
137.4
136.7136.6
136.7
136.5
136.7
136.6
136.7
136.9
137.0
137.4
137.0
137.4
137.4
136.9
137.3
137.3
137.5
138.3
137.0
138.5
138.1
138.9
138.0
138.5
138.5
139.0
138.0
137.9
138.2
138.3
138.1
138.6
138.9
138.5
138.7
139.7
138.5
139.2
139.3
138.6
138.8
138.8
138.7
139.1
139.2
139.4
139.4
138.8
138.5
139.1
139.5
139.5
141.5
140.6
139.8
140.1
140.0
139.8
140.2
140.1
139.4
139.5
141.6
139.2
139.8
139.9
139.9
139.8
139.0
138.8138.8
138.9
139.7
139.2
139.5
138.9
139.0
138.8
138.9
139.2139.3
139.3
139.0
139.1
139.0
140.0
138.8
138.8
138.6
139.3
139.1
139.5
139.5
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.8
141.4
139.6
139.1
139.3
139.3
138.8
139.1
139.3140.2
140.6
140.3
140.0
140.7
140.4
140.4
141.2
138.4
139.4
138.4
139.4
138.7
139.3
139.9
139.5
139.6
138.7
139.1
138.7
139.2
139.5
140.4
140.7
140.4139.7
140.3
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.8
139.8
139.4
140.7
140.8
140.4
139.7
140.0
140.2
141.0
140.8
140.7
139.7
140.0
140.0140.0
139.9
140.7
140.6
140.2
140.0140.5
139.4
140.3
140.6
139.8
140.2
141.3
140.2
140.7
140.8
140.4
140.4
140.5140.8
140.3
140.1
140.5
140.7
141.0
140.6
140.6
141.1
140.7
140.5
140.9
141.0
140.8
141.0
141.0
141.0
141.1
141.6
141.9
142.1142.0
138.1
140.0
139.0
139.0
139.2
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.2
138.5
139.0
139.7
139.3
139.3
139.1
139.9
139.7
139.2
138.4
139.2
138.2
138.3
139.4
140.0
139.5
139.1
139.0
138.6
138.9
138.5
139.1
138.8
138.5
138.0
138.5
139.4
139.5
139.3
138.8
138.5
138.5
138.9
139.0
139.1
139.1
138.6
138.6
138.5
139.0
139.3
139.2
139.1
139.4
139.5
139.2
139.6
139.8
139.6
139.4
139.0
139.4
140.0
139.5
139.3
139.8
139.8
139.8140.2
139.9
139.8
139.4
139.6
140.0141.5
139.9
139.9
140.1
140.0
140.0
140.2140.1
139.8
139.8
141.0
140.7
140.1
139.8
139.2
140.0
140.0
140.0
141.3
141.1
139.9
140.5
141.7
139.8
140.0
140.4
140.8
139.7
139.7
141.1
140.9
140.3
141.0
140.6
140.6
140.7
139.9
141.1
140.9
140.7
141.2
141.3
141.4
140.9
140.7
140.6
140.6
140.8
140.7
141.1
140.9
140.9
140.8
141.4
141.0
140.7
140.8
140.8
140.8
140.7
141.1
140.9
141.0
141.0
140.8
140.8
140.6
141.3
141.1
140.8
141.1
141.2
142.7
142.5
141.7
141.7 141.5
141.7
141.7
142.6
141.5
141.6
141.5
141.4
141.0
141.0
141.5
141.7
141.5
141.2
141.3
140.9
141.5
141.2
141.5
141.7
141.9
141.4
141.3
141.2
141.2
141.4
141.4
141.2
142.3
142.0
141.7
141.0
141.3
141.5
141.4
141.7
140.8
140.5
140.5
140.8
140.6
141.0
140.6
140.5
140.4140.5
140.6
141.4
142.2
140.4
139.9
140.9
140.4
140.9
141.2
140.4
141.0
141.2141.3
141.3
141.3
141.8
141.4
141.4
141.3
142.4
141.7
142.0
141.5
141.4
141.4
141.4
142.1
142.2
141.9
141.9
141.6
141.4
140.9
141.0
141.2
140.4
140.7
140.8
140.6
140.8
141.0
141.1
141.1
141.3
141.4
141.0
141.0
141.1
140.8
141.4
142.0
142.2
141.4
141.6
142.0
141.9
141.9
141.8
141.7
141.7
141.4
141.3
141.4141.5
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.6
141.6
141.8
141.5
141.7
141.4
141.5
141.4
142.0
142.3
142.4
142.1
142.9 142.7
142.6
142.4
142.5
142.1
141.6
141.5
141.2
141.6
141.5
140.9
141.2
141.1
141.5
141.3
141.1
141.1
141.3
141.3
141.4
141.4
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.6
141.4
141.4
141.5
141.5
142.1141.8
141.9
141.9
AREA T24 LOGISTICA
CASCINACARDANA
LAGHETTOdepuratore
CASCINARONCATO
CASCINAFAUSTA
T24
0
5
10
15Conductivity(quadrature)
(mS/m)
modelPROBE Trecate
A2A3
A4A5
B1
B2
2009 SoilCAM boreholes
east
ground surface
BS5 BS6 BS7
BS8
1m
west
10m
7m
casing
tube for protection
CMT tubing
sampling port
groundwater level
reference depth
reference depth
SoilCAM multilevel samplers (Markus Wehrer - Univ of Jena)
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
de
pth
[m
]
dissolved organic carbon [mg/l]
BS6
BS7
BS5
BS8
BS5
BS 6
BS 7
BS8
B-A
BS5
BS6
BS7
BS8
B-A 2
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
de
pth
[m
]
total organic carbon [mg/l]
BS6
BS7
BS5
BS8
BS5
BS 6
BS 7
BS8
B-A
BS5
BS6
BS7
BS8
B-A 2
Green 1st campaign: 30.08.-04.09.2010: water table ≈ - 6.5 m bgl
Blue 2nd campaign: 11.10-15.10.2010: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
Yellow: 3rd campaign: 10.05.-12.05.2011: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
SoilCAM multilevel samplers (Markus Wehrer - Univ of Jena)
The sample in the plastic bottle left is not filtered, it has a thin floating oilphase and the brown aqueous phase below is an emulsion. The sample in the tube on the right (which is the same sample but filtered at 0.45 µm), is tranparent
Contamination from multilevel samplers
courtesy: Markus Wehrer - Univ of Jena
Emulsione effetto dei bio-emulsionanti
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
theta (-)
20
16
12
8
4
0
dep
th (
m)
March 2011
September 2009
November 2011
November 2011: water table at 11.50 m at old SoilCAM boreholes
September 2009: water table around 6.50 m
at old SoilCAM boreholes
Yearly water table oscillation range
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
de
pth
[m
]
total organic carbon [mg/l]
BS6
BS7
BS5
BS8
BS5
BS 6
BS 7
BS8
B-A
BS5
BS6
BS7
BS8
B-A 2
ZOP GPR (theta) vs multilevel samplers (TOC)
Green 1st campaign: 30.08.-04.09.2010: water table ≈ - 6.5 m bgl
Blue 2nd campaign: 11.10-15.10.2010: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
Yellow: 3rd campaign: 10.05.-12.05.2011: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
contaminated
-15
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
0 10 20 30
dep
th [m
]
TOC [mg/g]
BS 7
BS 5
Yearly water table oscillation range
ZOP GPR vs concentration in soil (liners)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
theta (-)
20
16
12
8
4
0
dep
th (
m)
March 2011
September 2009
November 2011
November 2011: water table at 11.50 m at old SoilCAM boreholes
September 2009: water table around 6.50 m
at old SoilCAM boreholes
Green 1st campaign: 30.08.-04.09.2010: water table ≈ - 6.5 m bgl
Blue 2nd campaign: 11.10-15.10.2010: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
Yellow: 3rd campaign: 10.05.-12.05.2011: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
contaminated
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
de
pth
[m]
TIC [mg/l]
BS6
BS7
BS5
BS8
BS5
BS 6
BS 7
BS8
B-A
BS5
BS6
BS7
BS8
B-A 2
ZOP GPR vs multilevel samplers
Yearly water table oscillation range
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
theta (-)
20
16
12
8
4
0
dep
th (
m)
March 2011
September 2009
November 2011
November 2011: water table at 11.50 m at old SoilCAM boreholes
September 2009: water table around 6.50 m
at old SoilCAM boreholes
I prodotti della della bioattenuazione alterano la
conducibilità elettrica
Green 1st campaign: 30.08.-04.09.2010: water table ≈ - 6.5 m bgl
Blue 2nd campaign: 11.10-15.10.2010: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
Yellow: 3rd campaign: 10.05.-12.05.2011: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
contaminated
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
de
pth
[m]
total Fe [mg/l]
BS6
BS7
BS5
BS8
BS5
BS 6
BS 7
BS8
B-A
BS5
BS6
BS7
BS8
B-A 2
ZOP GPR vs multilevel samplers (Fe)
Yearly water table oscillation range
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
theta (-)
20
16
12
8
4
0
dep
th (
m)
March 2011
September 2009
November 2011
November 2011: water table at 11.50 m at old SoilCAM boreholes
September 2009: water table around 6.50 m
at old SoilCAM boreholes
contaminated
Green 1st campaign: 30.08.-04.09.2010: water table ≈ - 6.5 m bgl
Blue 2nd campaign: 11.10-15.10.2010: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
Yellow: 3rd campaign: 10.05.-12.05.2011: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
0 200 400 600 800 1000
de
pth
[m]
electrical conductivity [µS/cm]
BS6
BS7
BS5
BS8
BS5
BS 6
BS 7
BS8
B-A
BS5
BS6
BS7
BS8
B-A 2
Yearly water table oscillation range
ZOP GPR vs multilevel samplers (el. cond.)
Yearly water table oscillation range
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
theta (-)
20
16
12
8
4
0
dep
th (
m)
March 2011
September 2009
November 2011
November 2011: water table at 11.50 m at old SoilCAM boreholes
September 2009: water table around 6.50 m
at old SoilCAM boreholes
Green 1st campaign: 30.08.-04.09.2010: water table ≈ - 6.5 m bgl
Blue 2nd campaign: 11.10-15.10.2010: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
Yellow: 3rd campaign: 10.05.-12.05.2011: water table ≈ - 8.5 m bgl
contaminated
east
ground surface
BS5 BS6 BS7
BS8
1m
west
10m
7m
casin
g tube for protection
CMT tubing
sampling port
groundwater level
reference depth
reference depth
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
distance (meters)
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
dep
th (
mete
rs)
electrical conductivity (mS/cm)
330 to 335
335 to 393
393 to 497
497 to 560.5
560.5 to 687
687 to 824.1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
distance (meters)
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
de
pth
(m
ete
rs)
Fe II (mg/l)
1 to 14.4
14.4 to 18.7
18.7 to 38.13
38.13 to 52.53
52.53 to 66.04
66.04 to 81.35
SoilCAM multilevel samplers (Markus Wehrer - Univ of Jena)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
distance (meters)
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
dep
th (
mete
rs)
electrical conductivity (mS/cm)
330 to 335
335 to 393
393 to 497
497 to 560.5
560.5 to 687
687 to 824.1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
distance (meters)
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
de
pth
(m
ete
rs)
TOC (mg/l)
8 to 8.65
8.65 to 14.31
14.31 to 21.48
21.48 to 26.06
26.06 to 53.32
53.32 to 472.8
water table
MOG ERT
Cross borehole radar (Sep 2009) and ERT (June 2009)
wat
er t
able
wat
er t
able
-15
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
Dep
th
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x Position
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-15
-10
-5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Distance (m)
A’ A
A’ A
0 20 40 60 80 100-15
-10
-5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100-8
-6
-4
-2
0
1.7 2.7 3.7
Distance (m) ( m)
50 500 5000
Distance (m)
B’ B
B’ B
Distance (m)
Depth (m)
Depth (m)
Depth (m)
Depth (m)
Trecate site: reconsider surface measurements
1479700 1479800 1479900 1480000 1480100
Easting (m)
5033200
5033300
5033400
5033500
5033600
Nort
hin
g (
m)
141.3
141.4
141.8
141.6
141.6
141.9
141.7
141.8
141.8
141.8
142.0
141.6
141.7
141.5
142.5
141.8
142.7
142.1
142.3
142.1
142.1
141.9
141.8
141.8
141.5
142.2
141.8
141.8
142.0
142.4
142.4
142.5
142.2
141.9
142.0
142.0
142.0
142.6
141.7
143.0
142.9
142.3
142.4
142.8
142.6
143.0
142.6
142.5
142.5
142.8
146.2
143.3
143.0
142.4
142.4
142.8
142.9
142.8
142.9
143.2
143.3
143.2
143.2
143.6
143.1
142.9
142.4
142.4
142.1
142.5
141.9
142.5
142.3
142.2
143.1
143.0
143.0
142.4
142.7
141.4
142.2
141.6
141.4
142.2
142.4
141.9
141.5
142.7
140.7
140.0
141.7
137.5
140.0
140.2
141.6
141.0
140.9
141.5
141.2
141.5
141.4
141.4
142.0
141.5
141.5
141.8
141.8
141.2
141.3
141.3
142.1
141.8
137.7
137.4
137.4
138.3
138.5
138.8
138.8
138.3
137.5
137.4
137.5
137.1
138.1
138.4
138.4
138.0
137.5
138.8
138.5
138.6
139.1
139.0
139.1
139.2139.2
140.4
140.4
140.4 140.3
139.3
139.4
139.8
139.4
139.3
139.3
139.1
139.4
139.7
139.7
139.4
140.1
140.3
139.4
140.8
140.7
140.4
140.1
140.2
140.0
140.2140.1
140.0
139.3
140.0
139.7
139.5
138.9
138.7
138.7
138.7
139.4
139.0
139.7
140.0
139.7
140.1
140.0
139.5
140.2
140.3
140.2
140.2
140.1
139.7
139.6
140.2
140.3
140.1
139.6
139.6
139.9
140.4
139.8
139.5
139.5
139.6
138.9
138.2
138.2
138.2
139.4
139.1
139.0
138.6
137.8
138.3
137.7
139.0
139.5
139.9
140.1
139.9
139.7 139.9
140.1
139.6
139.2
138.9
139.3
139.3
139.2
138.0
138.0137.4
137.4
139.4
139.4
140.7
140.4
139.6
140.2
139.8
139.6
139.8
140.3
140.1
140.5
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.6
140.1
139.7
139.8
139.9
139.9
139.9
139.9
140.2
140.3
139.8
140.4
140.9
140.0
140.4
141.3
140.4
141.1
140.7
140.4
140.2
140.3
140.3
140.4
140.7
140.9
140.8
140.5
141.1
141.7
141.2
141.3
140.4
140.7
140.7
140.8
140.9
140.8
141.2
140.6
141.0
140.9
140.5
140.8
140.3
140.0
140.5
140.8
140.6
140.9
141.1
141.2
141.1
141.5
141.2
141.2
141.2
141.2
141.3
142.8
141.6
141.5
141.7
141.6
141.7
141.9
141.8142.0
141.7
141.9
141.9
147.1
146.0
134.9
130.9
136.2
140.1
140.0
141.6
141.0
140.3
140.3
140.1
139.6
139.3
139.4
139.0
139.2
139.3
140.4
139.9
140.3
140.7
140.8
141.4
141.7
142.8
142.2 141.1140.9 141.0 140.8
140.5
140.5140.3
139.3
135.6
136.4
136.0
136.2
135.8
136.0
136.5
136.7
139.0
137.4
138.3
137.8
137.7
137.2
137.7
137.6
137.0
136.6
138.9
138.8
138.9
138.2
139.1
137.3
137.4
138.4
138.5
139.0
137.3137.6138.3
138.2
138.3
138.8
138.8
138.2
138.2
137.7
140.1
137.8
137.9
139.9
137.9
137.9
138.8
138.9
139.1
137.6
137.6
137.7
137.6
137.8
137.2
137.0
136.9
137.6
137.8
137.7137.9
137.7
137.2137.9
136.7
136.2
136.5
136.3
136.9
137.0
136.8
137.1
134.4
134.6
135.0
135.8
135.1
135.9
135.9
136.2
136.1
136.6
136.9
136.6
136.6
136.1
136.1
136.9
137.0
137.1
137.6
136.8
136.9
137.3
136.9
136.9
137.2136.6
137.3
137.5
137.2
137.0
136.3
136.7
137.5
137.4
137.3
136.8
136.4136.1
138.3
137.7
137.4
137.7
136.6
136.6
136.5
136.4136.7
137.1
137.9
139.2
139.2
138.9
138.3
138.3
138.0137.6
135.6
137.2
141.7
137.0
137.2
137.1
135.9
136.6
136.3
135.9
136.8
135.8
136.5
135.8
136.5
137.5
137.1
136.8
137.1
137.1
136.9
138.2
138.4
137.5
137.4
138.3
137.6
137.3
137.3
139.0
137.7
137.2
137.2
137.8
137.1
136.6
137.2
138.2
137.9
137.4
138.9
137.1
137.7
137.1
136.3
136.3
136.8
137.5
137.8
139.4
139.3
138.9
137.8
137.2
136.8
137.3
137.1
137.8
139.0
138.0
138.3
138.7
138.4
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.4
138.5
138.0
138.5
138.2
138.7
137.4
137.5
137.4137.2
138.2
138.3
138.4
138.6
138.4
138.2
138.7
138.7
138.6
138.5
138.6
138.8
138.8
138.1
138.2
138.8
138.8
138.2
138.5
138.4
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.8
138.7
138.9
138.7
139.2
139.1
138.4138.5
137.7
138.1
138.2
138.9
138.9
138.0
137.4
137.8
137.4
137.3
137.4
137.4
137.3
137.8
137.8
137.8
137.3
137.0
137.5
136.9
137.0
136.9
137.2
136.9
136.5
137.0
137.1
136.5
136.4
137.3
137.3 136.8
137.9
136.5
136.6
137.3
137.1
137.3
138.1
138.0
137.9
137.7
137.5
137.4
137.6
138.3
138.2
138.2
137.7
138.3
138.3
139.5
138.6
139.0
138.0
137.8
138.1
138.5
138.5
138.5138.0
139.6
139.2
139.1
139.3
139.3
139.0
138.4
138.6
139.1
139.4
138.9
139.2
138.9
139.2
138.7
138.7
138.5
138.1
137.9
137.8
138.2
138.0
138.2
139.4
139.3
139.2
138.2
137.0
137.5
137.3
138.0
137.7
137.8
136.9
137.4
139.0
137.6
138.1
139.1
138.8
137.3
136.6
136.0
137.3
137.0
136.3
136.7137.1
137.5
136.5
138.9
138.8
137.2
137.0
137.6
137.4
137.1
137.6
138.7
138.6
138.4
137.9
137.5
137.6
138.8
138.1
138.2
138.2
137.9
137.6
137.8
137.8
138.4
138.9
139.2
139.1 138.9
138.7
138.5
138.1
138.4
138.9
139.1
139.4
139.4
139.1
138.9
138.9
139.4
139.3
139.0
139.2
139.7
139.2
139.2
139.3
139.4
139.4
139.8
139.2
138.0
137.3
137.9
137.8
138.3
137.7
138.2
139.5
140.6
139.5
138.2
138.9
139.3
138.8
137.2137.9
137.9
137.7
138.0
137.9138.0
137.0
136.9
137.1
137.1
137.3
137.3
137.3
137.4
137.4
138.3
138.6138.5
137.7
139.0
138.5137.7
137.8
138.0
138.0
138.1
137.9
138.2
138.3
138.1
137.3
137.6
137.5
137.5
138.3
138.1
138.2
138.1
138.5
138.1
137.8
137.8
138.2
138.6
138.6
138.9
138.9
138.6
138.6
139.5
139.1
139.0
138.7
138.8
139.0
138.6
139.0
138.9
138.9
139.1
139.1
138.8
139.6
139.6
140.3
140.5
139.7
139.9
139.7
139.9
139.5
139.2
138.4
139.5
139.5
140.2
139.8
140.8
141.1
140.7
140.6
140.6
139.7
141.2
141.0
140.8
140.8
139.8
140.9
140.7
140.6
140.8
141.1
139.4
139.2
138.6
138.9
139.9
138.9
139.3
138.7
138.8
140.7
140.1
139.3
140.0
140.3
138.6
138.7
138.1
139.7
139.1
138.1
138.1137.8
138.3
138.0
137.8
138.0
139.2
139.9
140.0
139.8
139.8
140.8
141.6
141.1
141.1
140.8
140.9
139.9
139.7
139.0
140.0
141.5
141.5
140.0
136.5
134.4
134.5
135.1
135.1
135.1
134.8
134.4
134.6
135.0
135.1
134.3
135.8135.9
134.5
136.1
136.1
136.2
136.6
136.8
136.7
136.7
135.2
135.9
135.7
135.8
134.8
135.8
136.7
136.8
136.7
136.5
136.6
136.9
136.9
136.9
137.0
136.8
136.9
137.5
137.2
137.0
137.2
136.6
136.9
137.2
137.5 137.0
136.8
136.2
136.4
135.9
135.2
135.1
135.4
134.7
135.3
135.7
136.4
135.7
135.2
135.7
136.1
136.2
136.5
136.5
135.6
135.0
135.6
135.9
136.2
136.5
136.2
136.7
137.0
136.6
136.9
136.2
135.4
136.6
136.3
136.2
137.3
137.6
137.7
137.0 137.4
138.1
137.1
136.9
138.2
137.9
138.4
137.1
137.1
137.1
137.6
137.7
136.9
137.4
137.5
137.4
137.3
137.3
137.7
137.7
138.1
137.7
137.5
137.7
137.6
137.3
136.4
136.9
137.6
137.6
137.6
137.6
138.2
138.3
139.0
137.5
138.3
138.9
139.0
138.7
139.4
139.5
139.4
139.0
139.0
138.9
138.9
138.4
138.3
138.2
138.3
138.3
138.4
138.9
138.8
139.3
138.6
138.7
139.3
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.4
138.7
139.0
139.1
138.2
138.3
138.3138.1
138.2
139.0
139.6
139.0
139.0
138.5
138.5
138.5
138.5
139.0
139.0
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.9
139.6
139.4
139.0
139.1
139.1
139.0
139.1
139.2
139.5
139.3
139.1
139.3
139.5
139.5
139.6
139.6
140.4
141.0
139.6
138.8
138.5
139.3
140.0
140.2
140.3
137.2
137.1
135.1
137.8
137.4
136.4
135.7
137.3
137.3
137.5
137.3
140.9
137.3
137.2
137.5
137.9
138.3
138.1
137.7
137.7
136.7
137.1
136.6
137.1
137.4
137.3
137.0
138.4
137.9
137.4
136.9
136.8
137.1
137.1
137.0
137.1
136.4
136.0
136.0
135.7
137.0
137.0
136.5
136.3
135.9
136.4
135.6
135.6
135.9
135.8
135.8
136.7
136.3
136.2
135.8
135.8
135.8
136.7
135.8
135.9
135.6
137.1
137.2
136.5
136.4
136.3
136.2
136.2
136.4
137.1
137.1
137.1
136.2
136.1
136.4
136.9
138.4
138.3
138.4
137.2
137.4
136.7136.6
136.7
136.5
136.7
136.6
136.7
136.9
137.0
137.4
137.0
137.4
137.4
136.9
137.3
137.3
137.5
138.3
137.0
138.5
138.1
138.9
138.0
138.5
138.5
139.0
138.0
137.9
138.2
138.3
138.1
138.6
138.9
138.5
138.7
139.7
138.5
139.2
139.3
138.6
138.8
138.8
138.7
139.1
139.2
139.4
139.4
138.8
138.5
139.1
139.5
139.5
141.5
140.6
139.8
140.1
140.0
139.8
140.2
140.1
139.4
139.5
141.6
139.2
139.8
139.9
139.9
139.8
139.0
138.8138.8
138.9
139.7
139.2
139.5
138.9
139.0
138.8
138.9
139.2139.3
139.3
139.0
139.1
139.0
140.0
138.8
138.8
138.6
139.3
139.1
139.5
139.5
139.7
139.7
139.6
139.8
141.4
139.6
139.1
139.3
139.3
138.8
139.1
139.3140.2
140.6
140.3
140.0
140.7
140.4
140.4
141.2
138.4
139.4
138.4
139.4
138.7
139.3
139.9
139.5
139.6
138.7
139.1
138.7
139.2
139.5
140.4
140.7
140.4139.7
140.3
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.8
139.8
139.4
140.7
140.8
140.4
139.7
140.0
140.2
141.0
140.8
140.7
139.7
140.0
140.0140.0
139.9
140.7
140.6
140.2
140.0140.5
139.4
140.3
140.6
139.8
140.2
141.3
140.2
140.7
140.8
140.4
140.4
140.5140.8
140.3
140.1
140.5
140.7
141.0
140.6
140.6
141.1
140.7
140.5
140.9
141.0
140.8
141.0
141.0
141.0
141.1
141.6
141.9
142.1142.0
138.1
140.0
139.0
139.0
139.2
139.4
139.4
139.4
139.2
138.5
139.0
139.7
139.3
139.3
139.1
139.9
139.7
139.2
138.4
139.2
138.2
138.3
139.4
140.0
139.5
139.1
139.0
138.6
138.9
138.5
139.1
138.8
138.5
138.0
138.5
139.4
139.5
139.3
138.8
138.5
138.5
138.9
139.0
139.1
139.1
138.6
138.6
138.5
139.0
139.3
139.2
139.1
139.4
139.5
139.2
139.6
139.8
139.6
139.4
139.0
139.4
140.0
139.5
139.3
139.8
139.8
139.8140.2
139.9
139.8
139.4
139.6
140.0141.5
139.9
139.9
140.1
140.0
140.0
140.2140.1
139.8
139.8
141.0
140.7
140.1
139.8
139.2
140.0
140.0
140.0
141.3
141.1
139.9
140.5
141.7
139.8
140.0
140.4
140.8
139.7
139.7
141.1
140.9
140.3
141.0
140.6
140.6
140.7
139.9
141.1
140.9
140.7
141.2
141.3
141.4
140.9
140.7
140.6
140.6
140.8
140.7
141.1
140.9
140.9
140.8
141.4
141.0
140.7
140.8
140.8
140.8
140.7
141.1
140.9
141.0
141.0
140.8
140.8
140.6
141.3
141.1
140.8
141.1
141.2
142.7
142.5
141.7
141.7 141.5
141.7
141.7
142.6
141.5
141.6
141.5
141.4
141.0
141.0
141.5
141.7
141.5
141.2
141.3
140.9
141.5
141.2
141.5
141.7
141.9
141.4
141.3
141.2
141.2
141.4
141.4
141.2
142.3
142.0
141.7
141.0
141.3
141.5
141.4
141.7
140.8
140.5
140.5
140.8
140.6
141.0
140.6
140.5
140.4140.5
140.6
141.4
142.2
140.4
139.9
140.9
140.4
140.9
141.2
140.4
141.0
141.2141.3
141.3
141.3
141.8
141.4
141.4
141.3
142.4
141.7
142.0
141.5
141.4
141.4
141.4
142.1
142.2
141.9
141.9
141.6
141.4
140.9
141.0
141.2
140.4
140.7
140.8
140.6
140.8
141.0
141.1
141.1
141.3
141.4
141.0
141.0
141.1
140.8
141.4
142.0
142.2
141.4
141.6
142.0
141.9
141.9
141.8
141.7
141.7
141.4
141.3
141.4141.5
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.6
141.6
141.8
141.5
141.7
141.4
141.5
141.4
142.0
142.3
142.4
142.1
142.9 142.7
142.6
142.4
142.5
142.1
141.6
141.5
141.2
141.6
141.5
140.9
141.2
141.1
141.5
141.3
141.1
141.1
141.3
141.3
141.4
141.4
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.5
141.6
141.4
141.4
141.5
141.5
142.1141.8
141.9
141.9
AREA T24 LOGISTICA
CASCINACARDANA
LAGHETTOdepuratore
CASCINARONCATO
CASCINAFAUSTA
T24
0
5
10
15Conductivity(quadrature)
(mS/m)
modelPROBE Trecate
A2A3
A4A5
B1
B2
contaminated line A uncontaminated line B
A
A’
B’
SoilCAM holes
The use of geophysical measurements at the Trecate site prove useful for
(a) structural information
(b) contamination mapping
For structure and even more for contamination assessment from geophysics, independent information is essential.
In all cases the resolution and penetration capabilities of geophysical methods must be assessed carefully
General conclusions
Acknowledgements: people...
… and money !
… &